標準編號:	AQ 2001-2018
中文名稱:	煉鋼安全規(guī)程
英文名稱:	Safety regulations for steel-making
中標分類:	C65    勞動安全技術(shù)綜合
行業(yè)分類:	AQ
ICS分類:	13.100 13.100    職業(yè)安全、工業(yè)衛(wèi)生 13.100
發(fā)布機構(gòu):	應急管理部
發(fā)布日期:	2018-05-22
實施日期:	2018-12-1
標準狀態(tài):	valid
替代舊標準:	AQ 2001-2004 煉鋼安全規(guī)程
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數(shù):	27000 字
翻譯價格(元):	3200.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

Foreword Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. All technical contents of this standard are compulsory. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces AQ 2001-2004 Safety regulations for steel-making. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to AQ 2001-2004: ——the structural order of the standard has been adjusted; ——the relevant safety requirements of GB/T 33000 have been added; ——the requirements for safety detection and monitoring measures of converter gas area have been added; ——the requirement that the personnel gathering places shall not be within the influence range of lifting high-temperature liquid metal has been added; ——some requirements for arrangement of oil supply station and acetylene gas station have been deleted; ——the grounding protection requirements for devices such as gas purification stations have been added; ——the requirement that the crane for lifting oxygen lance and sub-lance in the high-rise frame of converter shall be operated by wireless remote control and wire control operation board instead of the driver in the cab has been added; and ——the requirement that effective ventilation measures shall be taken when entering the space with nitrogen sealing equipment (e.g. silo) has been added. This standard was proposed by the original Fourth Division of the State Administration of Work Safety. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Metallurgical Nonferrous Safety of the National Technical Committee on Safety Production of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 288/SC 8). Safety regulations for steel-making 1 Scope This standard specifies the technical requirements for safety production of steel-making. This standard is applicable to the design, equipment manufacturing, construction and installation, production and equipment overhaul of steel-making plant. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies. GB 2894 Safety signs and guideline for the use GB 4053.1 Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platform - Part 1: Steel vertical ladders GB 4053.2 Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platform - Part 2: Steel inclined ladders GB 4053.3 Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platform - Part 3: Industrial guardrails and steel platform GB 4387 Safety regulation for railway and road transportation in plants of industrial enterprises GB/T 5082 The commanding signal for lifting and moving GB 5768.2 Road traffic signs and markings - Part 2: Road traffic signs GB 5768.3 Road traffic signs and markings - Part 3: Road traffic markings GB/T 5972 Cranes - Wire ropes - Care, maintenance, installation, examination and discard GB/T 6067.1 Safety rules for lifting appliances - Part 1: General GB 6222 Safety code for gas of industrial enterprises GB 6722 Safety regulations for blasting GB 7231 Basic identification colors and code indications and safety sign for industrial pipelines GB 14784 Safety regulations of belt conveyor GB 16912 Safety technical regulation for oxygen and relative gases produced with cryogenic method GB/T 20801.6 Pressure piping code - Industrial piping - Part 6: Safeguarding GB 28664 Emission standard of air pollutants for steel smelt industry GB/T 29639 Guidelines for enterprises to develop emergency response plan for work place accidents GB/T 33000 Guideline of China occupational safety and health management system GB 50016 Code for fire protection design of buildings GB 50030 Code for design of oxygen station GB 50034 Standard for lighting design of buildings GB 50057 Code for design protection of structures against lightning GB 50058 Code for design of electrical installations in explosive atmospheres GB 50140 Code for design of extinguisher distribution in buildings GB 50184 Code for acceptance of construction quality of industrial metallic piping GB 50235 Code for construction of industrial metallic piping engineering GB 50236 Code for construction of field equipment, industrial pipe welding engineering GB 50316 Design code for industrial metallic piping GB 50683 Code for construction of field equipment, industrial pipe welding engineering GB 50414 Code of design on fire protection and prevention for iron & steel metallurgy enterprises GB 50439 Code for design of steelmaking engineering GB 50603 Code for design of general layout and transportation for iron & steel enterprise GBJ 22 Specifications for the design of factory and mine roads GBZ/T 205 Specification of prevention and control on occupational hazards in confined space DL 408 Rules of safe operation in power industry TSG D0001 Pressure pipe safety technology supervision regulation for industrial pressure pipe 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 shaft furnace ultra-high power electric arc furnace with a shaft on its cover, where the scrap steel is preheated in the shaft by high-temperature waste gas discharged from the electric arc furnace 3.2 PLUS2000 furnace ultra-high power electric arc furnace with a scrap steel basket rotating device, which preheats the scrap steel by its own high-temperature waste gas 3.3 CONSTEEL furnace ultra-high power electric arc furnace in which scrap steel is continuously added through a conveyor belt and preheated by its own high-temperature waste gas 3.4 Korfarc furnace ultra-high power electric arc furnace with several oxygen lance burners and submerged tuyeres on the furnace wall, which saves electric energy by using chemical energy and post-combustion technology 3.5 vacuum degassing, VD vacuum degassing device for molten steel, in which a ladle filled with molten steel is placed in a closed vacuum tank connected with a vacuum pump, argon gas is introduced from the bottom of the ladle to stir the molten steel, so that the molten steel undergoes degassing reaction in a vacuum state 3.6 vacuum oxygen decarburization, VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization refining device mainly used for refining stainless steel, of which an oxygen lance is arranged on the vacuum tank cover of VD to blow oxygen to the molten steel surface in the vacuum tank, and the chromium-containing molten steel undergoes "decarburization and chromium preservation" refining in a vacuum state, which can also be used for smelting ultra-low carbon steel 3.7 composition adjustments by scaled argon bubbling with oxygen blowing, CAS-OB device for heating molten steel in a ladle by utilizing oxidation heat generated by metal (aluminum) combustion, or for adjusting the composition of molten steel by adding alloy in immersion hood 3.8 injection refining-up temperature, IR-UT device which can not only carry out injection desulphurization refining for molten steel under normal pressure, but also raise the temperature by blowing oxygen and adding aluminum, and of which, a powder spray gun is inserted into molten steel in the immersion hood, so as to spray desulfurizer into molten steel 3.9 ruhrstahl-heraeus process, RH refining method for vacuum circulating degassing of molten steel, in which, two circulating tubes (immersion tubes) at the bottom of the vacuum chamber are inserted into molten steel to make the molten steel continuously flow into the vacuum chamber from the ascending tube (with argon as the lifting gas) following the principle of bubble pump, and then flow back to the ladle from the descending tube, thus forming a circulating flow 3.10 ruhrstahl-heraeusdegassr-top blowing, RH-TB method of refining ultra-low carbon steel and stainless steel by inserting an oxygen lance at the top of RH vacuum tank and blowing oxygen to molten steel for decarburization 3.11 ladle furnace, LF device for blowing argon from the bottom of ladle under normal pressure and heating the molten steel by electric arc to refine molten steel and homogenize its composition and temperature 3.12 argon oxygen decarburization, AOD decarburization refining furnace in which oxygen and argon (in different proportions) are blown into molten steel from the side of molten steel pool of converter, mainly used for smelting stainless steel 4 Safety management 4.1 The safety production management of steel-making enterprises shall meet the relevant requirements of GB/T 33000. 4.2 Safety facilities of constructed, extended and renovated projects shall be designed, constructed and put into production or use simultaneously with the main part of the project. Investment in safety facilities shall be incorporated into the budgetary estimate of the whole construction project. In the feasibility study stage of the project, an evaluation institution with corresponding qualification shall be entrusted to carry out safety pre-evaluation. 4.3 The preliminary design documents of the construction project shall include Safety Facility Design. The safety facility design shall run through the design of various specialties and be submitted for review according to relevant requirements. 4.4 The construction of the construction project shall be carried out according to the design. The change of safety facility shall be approved in writing by the design organization. The concealed part of the project can be concealed only after being approved through checking and signing by the design organization, development organization, supervision organization and construction organization. After the completion of the construction, the construction organization shall deliver the completion instructions and as-built drawings to the development organization. 4.5 The construction project, after being completed, shall be put into trial run before normal production or use.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Safety management 5 Location and layout of plant (workshop) 5.1 Location of plant (workshop) 5.2 Layout of plant (workshop) 6 Plant building and its internal buildings (structures) 6.1 Plant building 6.2 Buildings (structures) 7 Raw materials 7.1 Bulk material 7.2 Scrap steel 7.3 Molten iron storage, transportation and pretreatment facilities 8 Steel-making equipment 8.1 Molten iron tanks, molten steel tanks, intermediate tanks, slag tanks (pots) 8.2 Baking devices and other burners for molten iron tanks, molten steel tanks and intermediate tanks 8.3 Ground vehicles 8.4 Lifting equipment 8.5 External transporting equipment 8.6 Other equipment 9 Oxygen converter 9.1 Equipment and related facilities 9.2 Production operation 10 Electric furnace 10.1 Equipment and related facilities 10.2 Production operation 11 Secondary refining 11.1 Equipment and related facilities 11.2 Production operation 12 Molten steel pouring 12.1 Preparation of molten steel tank and intermediate tank 12.2 Molding 12.3 Continuous casting 12.4 Ingot (billet) treatment 13 Power supply and pipeline 13.1 Power supply and electrical equipment 13.2 Power pipeline 13.3 Oxygen 13.4 Gas 13.5 Water supply and drainage 14 Slag 15 Overhaul 15.1 Dismantling of furnace 15.2 Requirements for construction area of furnace repair operation 15.3 Repair of converter 15.4 Repair of electric furnace 15.5 Others 16 Lighting

中華人民共和國應急管理部 發(fā)布 前言 本標準的全部技術(shù)內(nèi)容為強制性。 本標準按照GB/T 1.1—2009給出的規(guī)則起草。 本標準代替AQ 2001—2004《煉鋼安全規(guī)程》。與AQ 2001—2004相比，主要技術(shù)變化如下： ——標準結(jié)構(gòu)順序作了調(diào)整； ——增加了GB/T 33000有關(guān)安全管理要求； ——增加了對轉(zhuǎn)爐煤氣區(qū)域安全檢測與監(jiān)控措施的要求； ——增加了不得在吊運高溫液態(tài)金屬影響范圍內(nèi)設置人員密集場所的要求； ——刪除了對供油站、乙炔氣站設置部分要求； ——增加了煤氣凈化站等裝置接地保護要求； ——增加了轉(zhuǎn)爐高層框架內(nèi)吊運氧副槍的起重機不設司機室操作，采用無線遙控和線控操作板操作的要求； ——增加了進入料倉等有氮氣密封設備的空間，應采取有效通風措施的要求。 本標準由原國家安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理總局監(jiān)管四司提出。 本標準由全國安全生產(chǎn)標準化技術(shù)委員會冶金有色安全分技術(shù)委員會(SAC/TC 288/SC 8)歸口。 煉鋼安全規(guī)程 1 范圍 本標準規(guī)定了煉鋼安全生產(chǎn)的技術(shù)要求。 本標準適用于煉鋼廠的設計、設備制造、施工安裝、生產(chǎn)和設備檢修。 2 規(guī)范性引用文件 下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB 2894 安全標志及其使用導則 GB 4053.1 固定式平臺及鋼梯安全要求 第1部分：鋼直梯 GB 4053.2 固定式平臺及鋼梯安全要求 第2部分：鋼斜梯 GB 4053.3 固定式平臺及鋼梯安全要求 第3部分：工業(yè)防護欄桿及鋼平臺 GB 4387 工業(yè)企業(yè)廠內(nèi)鐵路、道路運輸安全規(guī)程 GB/T 5082 起重吊運指揮信號 GB 5768.2 道路交通標志和標線 第2部分：道路交通標志 GB 5768.3 道路交通標志和標線 第3部分：道路交通標線 GB/T 5972 起重機鋼絲繩保養(yǎng)、維護、安裝、檢驗和報廢 GB/T 6067.1 起重機械安全規(guī)程 第1部分：總則 GB 6222 工業(yè)企業(yè)煤氣安全規(guī)程 GB 6722 爆破安全規(guī)程 GB 7231 工業(yè)管道的基本識別色、識別符號和安全標識 GB 14784 帶式輸送機安全規(guī)范 GB 16912 深度冷凍法生產(chǎn)氧氣及相關(guān)氣體安全技術(shù)規(guī)程 GB/T 20801.6 壓力管道規(guī)范工業(yè)管道 第6部分：安全防護 GB 28664 煉鋼工業(yè)大氣污染物排放標準 GB/T 29639 生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位生產(chǎn)安全事故應急預案編制導則 GB/T 33000 企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)標準化基本規(guī)范 GB 50016 建筑設計防火規(guī)范 GB 50030 氧氣站設計規(guī)范 GB 50034 建筑照明設計標準 GB 50057 建筑物防雷設計規(guī)范 GB 50058 爆炸危險環(huán)境電力裝置設計規(guī)范 GB 50140 建筑滅火器配置設計規(guī)范 GB 50184 工業(yè)金屬管道工程施工質(zhì)量驗收規(guī)范 GB 50235 工業(yè)金屬管道工程施工規(guī)范 GB 50236 現(xiàn)場設備、工業(yè)管道焊接工程施工規(guī)范 GB 50316 工業(yè)金屬管道設計規(guī)范 GB 50683 現(xiàn)場設備、工業(yè)管道焊接工程施工規(guī)范 GB 50414 鋼鐵冶金企業(yè)設計防火規(guī)范 GB 50439 煉鋼工程設計規(guī)范 GB 50603 鋼鐵企業(yè)總圖運輸設計規(guī)范 GBJ 22 廠礦道路設計規(guī)范 GBZ/T 205 密閉空間作業(yè)職業(yè)危害防護規(guī)范 DL 408 電業(yè)安全工作規(guī)程 TSG D0001 壓力管道安全技術(shù)監(jiān)察規(guī)程—工業(yè)管道 3 術(shù)語和定義 下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。 3.1 豎爐 shaft furnace 爐蓋上帶有豎井，并利用電弧爐排出的高溫廢氣在豎井內(nèi)預熱廢鋼的超高功率電弧爐。 3.2 PLUS2000爐 PLUS2000 furnace 設有廢鋼料籃旋轉(zhuǎn)裝置，并利用自身高溫廢氣預熱廢鋼的超高功率電弧爐。 3.3 CONSTEEL爐 CONSTEEL furnace 廢鋼通過傳送帶連續(xù)加入，并經(jīng)自身高溫廢氣預熱的廢鋼的超高功率電弧爐。 3.4 Korfarc爐 Korfarc furnace 爐壁裝設多組氧槍、燒嘴和浸入式風口，利用化學能與后燃燒技術(shù)節(jié)約電能的超高功率電弧爐。 3.5 VD vacuum degassing 一種鋼液真空脫氣裝置，它將帶鋼液的鋼包置于與真空泵連通的密閉的真空罐內(nèi)，從鋼包底部通入氬氣攪拌鋼液，使鋼液在真空狀態(tài)下發(fā)生脫氣反應。 3.6 VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization 一種主要用來精煉不銹鋼的真空吹氧脫碳精煉裝置，它在VD的真空罐蓋上增設氧槍，向真空罐內(nèi)鋼液面吹氧，在真空狀態(tài)下對含鉻鋼液進行“脫碳保鉻”精煉，也可以用來冶煉超低碳鋼。 3.7 CAS-OB composition adjustments by scaled argon bubbling with oxygen blowing 一種在鋼包內(nèi)利用金屬(鋁)燃燒產(chǎn)生的氧化熱加熱鋼液，或在浸入罩內(nèi)加合金調(diào)整鋼液成分的裝置。 3.8 IR-UT injection refinning-up temperature 一種在常壓下對鋼液既可進行噴粉脫硫精煉，又可吹氧加鋁升溫的裝置，它是在浸入罩內(nèi)增加一根插入鋼液的噴粉槍，借以向鋼液噴入脫硫劑。 3.9 RH ruhrstahl-heraeus process 一種對鋼液真空循環(huán)脫氣的精煉方法，它利用真空室底部的兩根環(huán)流管(浸漬管)插入鋼包鋼液內(nèi)，通過上升管內(nèi)充氬氣作為提升氣體，利用氣泡泵原理使鋼水不斷從上升管流入真空室，再從下降管流回到鋼包，形成循環(huán)流動，使鋼水在真空室內(nèi)實現(xiàn)深脫氣處理。 3.10 RH-TB ruhrstahl-heraeusdegassr-top blowing 系指在RH真空罐頂部插入一根氧槍，并向鋼液吹氧脫碳，用以精煉超低碳鋼與不銹鋼的方法。 3.11 LF ladle furance 一種在常壓下從鋼包底部吹氬，并用電弧對鋼液進行加熱以精煉鋼液和均勻鋼液成分、溫度的裝置。 3.12 AOD argon oxygen decarburization 一種在轉(zhuǎn)爐的鋼液熔池側(cè)面，按不同比例往鋼液吹入氧氣與氬氣的脫碳精煉爐，主要用于冶煉不銹鋼。 4 安全管理 4.1 煉鋼企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)管理應滿足GB/T 33000的相關(guān)規(guī)定。 4.2 新建、改建、擴建工程項目的安全設施，應與主體工程同時設計、同時施工、同時投入生產(chǎn)和使用。安全設施的投資應納入建設項目概算。項目可行性研究階段就應委托有相應資質(zhì)的評價機構(gòu)進行安全預評價。 4.3 建設工程的初步設計文件應有《安全設施設計》。安全設施設計應貫穿于各專業(yè)設計之中，并按相關(guān)規(guī)定送審。 4.4 建設項目施工應按設計進行。變更安全設施，應經(jīng)設計單位書面同意。 工程的隱蔽部分，應經(jīng)設計單位、建設單位、監(jiān)理單位和施工單位共同檢查合格簽字后，方可進行隱蔽。 施工完畢，施工單位應將竣工說明書及竣工圖交付建設單位。 4.5 建設工程項目竣工后，應當在正式投入生產(chǎn)或者使用前進行試運行。 a)試運行時間應不少于30日，最長不得超過180日； b)項目安全設施竣工或者試運行完成后，應委托有資質(zhì)的評價機構(gòu)進行安全驗收評價； c)項目竣工投入生產(chǎn)或者使用前，生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位應當組織對安全設施進行竣工驗收，并形成書面報告?zhèn)洳?。安全設施竣工驗收合格后，方可投入生產(chǎn)和使用。 4.6 煉鋼企業(yè)應依法設置安全生產(chǎn)管理機構(gòu)或者配備專職安全生產(chǎn)管理人員，應當有注冊安全工程師從事安全生產(chǎn)管理工作。 4.7 煉鋼企業(yè)應加強對重大危險源的安全管理與監(jiān)測監(jiān)控，建立健全重大危險源安全管理規(guī)章制度，應包括下列內(nèi)容： a)應對本單位存在的各類危險源進行辨識，實行分級管理。對于構(gòu)成重大危險源的，應登記建檔，進行定期檢測、評估和監(jiān)控，并在重大危險源現(xiàn)場設置明顯的安全警示標志； b)應制定重大危險源安全管理與監(jiān)控的實施方案。 4.8 煉鋼企業(yè)應根據(jù)GB 6222的有關(guān)規(guī)定，配備煤氣在線監(jiān)測、防護設施，在煤氣易泄漏和聚集區(qū)域，應設有醒目的安全警示標識。 4.9 煉鋼企業(yè)應建立、健全本單位安全生產(chǎn)責任制，制定、完善本單位安全生產(chǎn)規(guī)章制度和操作規(guī)程。嚴格執(zhí)行崗位交接班制度。 4.10 特種作業(yè)人員和特種設備操作人員均應經(jīng)過專門的安全教育和培訓，并經(jīng)考核合格、取得操作資格證，方可上崗。上述人員的培訓、考核、發(fā)證及復審，應按國家有關(guān)規(guī)定執(zhí)行。 4.11 煉鋼企業(yè)的會議室、活動室、休息室、更衣室等人員聚集場所應設置在安全地點，不得設置在吊運高溫液態(tài)金屬的影響范圍內(nèi)。 4.12 煉鋼企業(yè)應建立健全派遣勞動者用工安全管理制度，加強對派遣勞動者用工的安全管理，對被派遣勞動者應進行統(tǒng)一的安全生產(chǎn)教育和培訓。 4.13 采用新工藝、新技術(shù)、新設備、新材料，應制定相應的安全技術(shù)措施；對有關(guān)生產(chǎn)人員，應進行專門的安全技術(shù)培訓，并經(jīng)考核合格方可上崗。 4.14 煉鋼企業(yè)應建立對廠房、機電設備進行定期檢查、維修和清掃制度。要害崗位及電氣、機械等設備，應實行操作牌制度。 4.15 安全裝置和防護設施，不得擅自挪動、拆除或移作他用。 4.16 煉鋼企業(yè)應建立鐵水、鋼水、液態(tài)渣跑漏、煤氣中毒以及火災、爆炸、觸電和毒物逸散等重大事故的應急救援預案，應急預案的編制應符合GB/T 29639的相關(guān)規(guī)定，并在易發(fā)生事故的場所設置必備的氣體檢測儀、防毒口罩、防護手套、防護服、防毒面具、呼吸器、洗眼器、急救藥品與器械等事故應急器具，并定期開展事故應急救援演練。 4.17 煉鋼企業(yè)生產(chǎn)、檢、維修作業(yè)外包的，應對承包單位進行危險有害因素告知和安全交底，簽訂安全協(xié)議，并對承包單位的安全資質(zhì)、安全措施進行審核。 4.18 煉鋼企業(yè)強電磁輻射區(qū)域應設警示標識，體內(nèi)安裝有心臟起搏器或金屬植入物的人員禁止進入。 4.19 煉鋼企業(yè)發(fā)生傷亡事故時，應按國家有關(guān)規(guī)定報告、調(diào)查和處理。 4.20 進入涉及煤氣、氮氣等有限空間作業(yè)，應遵守有限空間作業(yè)安全管理和GBZ/T 205規(guī)定要求，先通風，再檢測，后作業(yè)。 5 廠(車間)的位置與布置 5.1 廠(車間)的位置 5.1.1 選擇廠(車間)的位置，應注意工程地質(zhì)條件和洪水、海潮、臺風、滑坡等災害的危害，并按地震烈度等級標準設防。 廠址地坪應高于最高洪水水位0.5m以上，地處海岸邊的應高于計算潮水位1m以上；如受條件限制無法達到，應采取有效的補救措施。 5.1.2 廠(車間)應位于居住區(qū)常年最小頻率風向的上風側(cè)和當?shù)厣钏吹南掠危羞m當?shù)陌踩】捣雷o距離。 5.1.3 煉鋼廠不應鄰近居民區(qū)、風景旅游區(qū)、文物保護區(qū)、生活水源地和重要農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)；選擇廠址時，應同時考慮煉鋼廠“三廢”排放、棄置及噪聲、電網(wǎng)閃爍等公害所產(chǎn)生的影響，并采取必要的防護措施。 煉鋼廠的棄渣場，應位于居住區(qū)和水源地安全健康防護距離以外的低洼地帶，并應考慮爆炸、揚塵、有害元素擴散的安全距離；廠內(nèi)鋼渣處理設施，應布置在主廠房常年最小頻率風向的上風側(cè)。 5.1.4 落錘破碎廢鋼的設施，應設在流動人員稀少的廠區(qū)邊緣安全區(qū)域，并應有可靠的防止廢鋼飛散的圍護設施；與其他建筑物之間的安全距離，3t、5t、7t落錘應分別大于30m、50m、80m，并應采取必要的安全措施。 5.1.5 煤氣柜、乙炔站、丙烷氣站、供油站、天然氣儲配站等火災和爆炸危險性較大的及產(chǎn)生煙塵、有毒有害氣體的設施，應位于廠區(qū)和居住區(qū)常年最小頻率風向的上風側(cè)。 5.1.6 氧氣站應位于空氣潔凈區(qū)域，其空分設備的吸風口應位于各種易燃、易爆性氣源與塵源的常年最小頻率風向的下風側(cè)。 5.1.7 各車間及設施的位置應符合防火、防爆、防震、職業(yè)健康、運輸安全等有關(guān)規(guī)程(規(guī)范)的規(guī)定及安全技術(shù)要求。 5.2 廠(車間)的布置 5.2.1 煉鋼主車間的布置/應根據(jù)各種物料的流向/保證其能順暢運行/互不交叉、干擾/并盡可能縮短鐵水、廢鋼及鋼坯(錠)等大宗物流的運輸距離。 5.2.2 煉鋼主車間與各輔助車間(設施)/應布置在生產(chǎn)流程的順行線上-鐵水、鋼水與液體渣/應設專線(或?qū)Ｓ猛ǖ?運輸/以減少其他物流干擾。當鐵水采用汽車運輸時/應采用特種專用車輛/盡量減少鐵水運輸距離/道路寬度、凈空、坡度應根據(jù)鐵水運輸車輛的尺寸、技術(shù)參數(shù)專門核算確定/保證運輸安全。嚴禁經(jīng)由國家或地區(qū)公交線路運輸鐵水。 5.2.3 煉鋼主車間/應按從原料至成品(坯、錠)的生產(chǎn)流程/以各工序分區(qū)作業(yè)為原則/合理布置各工藝裝備及生產(chǎn)設施/確保各工序安全、順行。 5.2.4 煉鋼廠內(nèi)/應按消防規(guī)定設置必要的消防設施和消防通道/并設有明顯的標志牌。 6 廠房及其內(nèi)部建(構(gòu))筑物 6.1 廠房 6.1.1 冶煉與澆注廠房設計應考慮良好的通風散熱與采光條件-轉(zhuǎn)爐、電爐、鐵水貯運與預處理、精煉爐、鋼水澆注等熱源點上方/應有良好的通風排氣設施-熱源點周圍的建(構(gòu))筑物應考慮高溫影響/采取相應的隔熱防護措施。 6.1.2 廠房結(jié)構(gòu)應考慮風、雨、雪、灰等動(靜)載荷及各種自然因素影響/主廠房屋面四周應設欄桿/并在適當位置設置清掃通道-廠房應合理布置登上屋面的消防梯與檢修梯/符合相關(guān)安全規(guī)定。 6.1.3 轉(zhuǎn)爐與電爐容量50t以上的煉鋼車間/主要跨間的廠房應采用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)-煉鋼主廠房的布置形式及各跨間參數(shù)的確定/應符合GB 50439的要求。 6.1.4 煉鋼主廠房/地坪應設置寬度不小于1.5m的人行安全走道/走道兩側(cè)應有明顯的標志線-主廠房及其他中、重級工作類型的橋式起重機/應設置四周貫通的起重機安全走道/輕級工作起重機廠房/應設單側(cè)貫通的安全走道/走道寬度應不小于0.8m/并應按起重機臺數(shù)設置司機專用走梯和蹬車平臺。