GB 30871-2022 Safety specifications of special work in hazardous chemicals enterprises English
1 Scope
This standard specifies the safety requirements for hot work, confined space entry, blinding-pipeline operation with stop plate, work at height, lifting work, temporary electricity work, excavation work, work for road breaking and other special work of hazardous chemicals enterprises.
This standard is applicable to hazardous chemicals production and operation (including storage) enterprises and chemical and pharmaceutical enterprises (hereinafter referred to as "hazardous chemicals enterprises").
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 2894 Safety signs and guideline for the use
GB/T 3608 Classification of work at heights
GB/T 5082 Cranes - Hand signals
GB 6095 Fall protection - Personal fall protection systems
GB 15322.3 Combustible gas detectors - Part 3: Portable combustible gas detectors for industrial and commercial use
GB 15577 Safety regulations for dust explosion prevention and protection
GB/T 18664 Selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment
GB 24543 Personal fall protection equipment - Lanyards
GB 30077 Requirements on emergency materials equipment for hazardous chemical enterprises
GB 39800.1 Specification for the provision of personal protective equipment - Part 1:General requirement
GB 50194 Code for safety of power supply and consumption for construction site
GB/T 50493-2019 Standard for design of combustible gas and toxic gas detection and alarm for petrochemical industry
GB 51210 Unified standard for safety of scaffold in construction
DL 409 Rules of safe operation in power industry (electric power line part)
GBZ 2.1 Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace - Part 1: Chemical hazardous agents
GBZ/T 260 Guideline of identification of contraindication to job placement
HG/T 21547 Paddle blank, Paddle spacer, Figure-8 blank for piping system
JB/T 2772 Components of valves - High pressure blanks
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
special work
hot work, confined space entry, blinding-pipeline operation with stop plate, work at height, lifting work, temporary electricity, excavation work, work for road breaking, etc. possibly involved in the production and operation process of hazardous chemicals enterprises and possibly harmful to the safety of workers, other persons as well as surrounding buildings (structures), equipment and facilities
3.2
fire and explosive area
medium environments such as gas, vapor and dust that can form explosive mixtures with air, and places that may cause fire and explosion under high temperature, heat, friction, impact, spontaneous combustion and other circumstances
3.3
fixed hot work area
area designated for hot work in non-fire and explosive area
3.4
hot work
unconventional work possibly generating flame, spark or hot surface in fire-forbidden area except process facility directly or indirectly generating open fire
Note: Hot work includes the work carried out with electric welding machine, gas welding (cutting) machine, blast burner, electric drill, grinding wheel, sand-blasting machine, etc.
3.5
confined space
poor-ventilated closed and semi-closed facilities and sites with limited entrance and exit, possibly with inflammables, explosives and toxic and harmful substances, or lacking oxygen, which threaten the health and life safety of personnel entering into them
Note: Confined space includes reactor, tower, caldron, trench, tank, furnace, drum, pipeline as well as basement, inspection well, pit (pool), sewer or other closed and semi-closed sites.
3.6
confined space entry
work performed by entering or probing into a confined space
3.7
blinding-pipeline operation with stop plate
operation for installing stop plate onto or removing it from equipment or pipeline
3.8
work at height
work carried out at a height of 2m or more above the falling datum plane, with the worker at the risk of falling
Note: Falling datum plane refers to the horizontal plane where the lowest point of falling place is in.
3.9
lifting work
work process of lifting the equipment, workpieces, apparatuses, materials, etc. to change their positions by various lifting machines
3.10
temporary electricity
impermanent electrical equipment connected to a power supply in formal operation
3.11
excavation work
work where earth excavation, piling, drilling, pit prospecting or ground anchor inserting is carried out to a depth more than 0.5m; soil filling or site leveling is carried out with construction machines like bulldozer, road roller, etc. which possibly influence the facilities concealed underground
3.12
work for road breaking
work like project construction, lifting, swinging, etc. carried out on main road, branch road and approach road of workshop in production area which influence normal traffic
4 General requirements
4.1 Prior to work, hazardous chemicals enterprises shall organize the work units to identify the hazardous/harmful factors possibly existing in work site and work process, carry out work hazard analysis, and formulate corresponding safety risk control measures.
4.2 Prior to work, hazardous chemicals enterprises shall take measures to treat the equipment, facilities and pipelines to be under work to ensure that the corresponding work safety requirements are met:
a) For special work with safety requirements for the media in equipment and pipelines, treatment shall be conducted by emptying, isolation, cleaning, replacement, etc.;
b) Reliable energy isolation measures shall be taken for equipment, facilities and environment with energy;
Note: Energy isolation refers to the effective control, isolation and protection of potential energy that may cause personal injury, environmental damage, equipment damage and property loss due to out-of-control, which includes mechanical isolation, process isolation, electrical isolation, and radioactive source isolation.
c) Appropriate measures for the safe disposal of radioactive sources shall be taken.
4.3 Personnel entering the work site shall properly wear personal protective equipment meeting the requirements of GB 39800.1.
Foreword II
Introduction V
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
5 Hot work
6 Confined space entry
7 Blinding-pipeline operation with stop plate
8 Work at height
9 Lifting work
10 Temporary electricity work
11 Excavation work
12 Work for road breaking
Annex A (Informative) Styles of safety work permits
Annex B (Informative) Management on safety work permits
GB 30871-2022 危險化學(xué)品企業(yè)特殊作業(yè)安全規(guī)范
1 范圍
本文件規(guī)定了危險化學(xué)品企業(yè)動火作業(yè)、受限空間作業(yè)、盲板抽堵作業(yè)、高處作業(yè)、吊裝作業(yè)、臨時用電作業(yè)、動土作業(yè)、斷路作業(yè)等特殊作業(yè)的安全要求。
本文件適用于危險化學(xué)品生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營(帶儲存)企業(yè)，化工及醫(yī)藥企業(yè)(以下簡稱“危險化學(xué)品企業(yè)”)。
2 規(guī)范性引用文件
下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅該日期對應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB 2894 安全標(biāo)志及其使用導(dǎo)則
GB／T 3608 高處作業(yè)分級
GB／T 5082 起重機 手勢信號
GB 6095 墜落防護 安全帶
GB 15322.3 可燃?xì)怏w探測器 第3部分：工業(yè)及商業(yè)用途便攜式可燃?xì)怏w探測器
GB 15577 粉塵防爆安全規(guī)程
GB／T 18664 呼吸防護用品的選擇、使用和維護
GB 24543 墜落防護安全繩
GB 30077 危險化學(xué)品單位應(yīng)急救援物資配備要求
GB 39800.1 個體防護裝備配備規(guī)范 第1部分：總則
GB 50194 建設(shè)工程施工現(xiàn)場供用電安全規(guī)范
GB／T 50493-2019 石油化工可燃?xì)怏w和有毒氣體檢測報警設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
GB 51210 建筑施工腳手架安全技術(shù)統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
DL 409 電業(yè)安全工作規(guī)程(電力線路部分)
GBZ 2.1 工作場所有害因素職業(yè)接觸限值 第1部分：化學(xué)有害因素
GBZ／T 260 職業(yè)禁忌證界定導(dǎo)則
HG／T 21547 管道用鋼制插板、墊環(huán)、8字盲板系列
JB／T 2772 閥門零部件 高壓盲板
3 術(shù)語和定義
下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
特殊作業(yè) special work
危險化學(xué)品企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營過程中可能涉及的動火、進入受限空間、盲板抽堵、高處作業(yè)、吊裝、臨時用電、動土、斷路等，對作業(yè)者本人、他人及周圍建(構(gòu))筑物、設(shè)備設(shè)施可能造成危害或損毀的作業(yè)。
3.2
火災(zāi)爆炸危險場所 fire and explosive area
能夠與空氣形成爆炸性混合物的氣體、蒸氣、粉塵等介質(zhì)環(huán)境以及在高溫、受熱、摩擦、撞擊、自燃等情況下可能引發(fā)火災(zāi)、爆炸的場所。
3.3
固定動火區(qū) fixed hot work area
在非火災(zāi)爆炸危險場所劃出的專門用于動火的區(qū)域。
3.4
動火作業(yè) hot work
在直接或間接產(chǎn)生明火的工藝設(shè)施以外的禁火區(qū)內(nèi)從事可能產(chǎn)生火焰、火花或熾熱表面的非常規(guī)作業(yè)。
注：包括使用電焊、氣焊(割)、噴燈、電鉆、砂輪、噴砂機等進行的作業(yè)。
3.5
受限空間 confined space
進出受限，通風(fēng)不良，可能存在易燃易爆、有毒有害物質(zhì)或缺氧，對進入人員的身體健康和生命安全構(gòu)成威脅的封閉、半封閉設(shè)施及場所。
注：包括反應(yīng)器、塔、釜、槽、罐、爐膛、鍋筒、管道以及地下室、窨井、坑(池)、管溝或其他封閉、半封閉場所。
3.6
受限空間作業(yè) confined space entry
進入或探入受限空間進行的作業(yè)。
3.7
盲板抽堵作業(yè) blinding-pipeline operation with stop plate
在設(shè)備、管道上安裝或拆卸盲板的作業(yè)。
3.8
高處作業(yè) work at height
在距墜落基準(zhǔn)面2 m及2 m以上有可能墜落的高處進行的作業(yè)。
注：墜落基準(zhǔn)面是指墜落處最低點的水平面。
3.9
吊裝作業(yè) lifting work
利用各種吊裝機具將設(shè)備、工件、器具、材料等吊起，使其發(fā)生位置變化的作業(yè)。
3.10
臨時用電 temporary electricity
在正式運行的電源上所接的非永久性用電。
3.11
動土作業(yè) excavation work
挖土、打樁、鉆探、坑探、地錨入土深度在0.5 m以上；使用推土機、壓路機等施工機械進行填土或平整場地等可能對地下隱蔽設(shè)施產(chǎn)生影響的作業(yè)。
3.12
斷路作業(yè) work for road breaking
生產(chǎn)區(qū)域內(nèi)，交通主、支路與車間引道上進行工程施工、吊裝、吊運等各種影響正常交通的作業(yè)。
4 通用要求
4.1 作業(yè)前，危險化學(xué)品企業(yè)應(yīng)組織作業(yè)單位對作業(yè)現(xiàn)場和作業(yè)過程中可能存在的危險有害因素進行辨識，開展作業(yè)危害分析，制定相應(yīng)的安全風(fēng)險管控措施。
4.2 作業(yè)前，危險化學(xué)品企業(yè)應(yīng)采取措施對擬作業(yè)的設(shè)備設(shè)施、管線進行處理，確保滿足相應(yīng)作業(yè)安全要求：
a) 對設(shè)備、管線內(nèi)介質(zhì)有安全要求的特殊作業(yè)，應(yīng)采用倒空、隔絕、清洗、置換等方式進行處理；
b) 對具有能量的設(shè)備設(shè)施、環(huán)境應(yīng)采取可靠的能量隔離措施；
注：能量隔離是指將潛在的、可能因失控造成人身傷害、環(huán)境損害、設(shè)備損壞、財產(chǎn)損失的能量進行有效的控制、隔離和保護。包括機械隔離、工藝隔離、電氣隔離、放射源隔離等。
c) 對放射源采取相應(yīng)安全處置措施。
4.3 進入作業(yè)現(xiàn)場的人員應(yīng)正確佩戴滿足GB 39800.1要求的個體防護裝備。
4.4 作業(yè)前，危險化學(xué)品企業(yè)應(yīng)對參加作業(yè)的人員進行安全措施交底，主要包括：
a) 作業(yè)現(xiàn)場和作業(yè)過程中可能存在的危險、有害因素及采取的具體安全措施與應(yīng)急措施；
b) 會同作業(yè)單位組織作業(yè)人員到作業(yè)現(xiàn)場，了解和熟悉現(xiàn)場環(huán)境，進一步核實安全措施的可靠性，熟悉應(yīng)急救援器材的位置及分布；
c) 涉及斷路、動土作業(yè)時，應(yīng)對作業(yè)現(xiàn)場的地下隱蔽工程進行交底。
4.5 作業(yè)前，危險化學(xué)品企業(yè)應(yīng)組織作業(yè)單位對作業(yè)現(xiàn)場及作業(yè)涉及的設(shè)備、設(shè)施、工器具等進行檢查，并使之符合如下要求：
a) 作業(yè)現(xiàn)場消防通道、行車通道應(yīng)保持暢通，影響作業(yè)安全的雜物應(yīng)清理干凈；
b) 作業(yè)現(xiàn)場的梯子、欄桿、平臺、箅子板、蓋板等設(shè)施應(yīng)完整、牢固，采用的臨時設(shè)施應(yīng)確保安全；
c) 作業(yè)現(xiàn)場可能危及安全的坑、井、溝、孔洞等應(yīng)采取有效防護措施，并設(shè)警示標(biāo)志；需要檢修的設(shè)備上的電器電源應(yīng)可靠斷電，在電源開關(guān)處加鎖并加掛安全警示牌；
d) 作業(yè)使用的個體防護器具、消防器材、通信設(shè)備、照明設(shè)備等應(yīng)完好；
e) 作業(yè)時使用的腳手架、起重機械、電氣焊(割)用具、手持電動工具等各種工器具符合作業(yè)安全要求，超過安全電壓的手持式、移動式電動工器具應(yīng)逐個配置漏電保護器和電源開關(guān)；
