GB 34668-2024 Safety technical specification for electrical self-balancing vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements for electrical self-balancing vehicles, and describes the corresponding test methods.
This document is applicable to the design, production and sales of electrical self-balancing vehicles with batteries as power sources.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 3565.2-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking, young adult, mountain and racing bicycles
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB 4706.18-2014 Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Particular requirements for battery chargers
GB 4943.1-2022 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements
GB/T 5169.16 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 16: Test flames - 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
GB/T 12350 Safety requirements of small power motors
GB 40559 Lithium ion cells and batteries used in electric self-balancing vehicles and scooters - Safety technical specification
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
electrical self-balancing vehicle
wheeled manned moving platform based on inverted pendulum model and static instability principle, equipped with a rechargeable electric drive system and maintaining dynamic balance in autonomous or manual control mode
Note: The electrical self-balancing vehicle is referred to as self-balancing vehicle for short.
3.2
safety alarm
definite alarm (such as sound, light or vibration) sent to and may be noticed by the user in case of internal fault detected (e.g. abnormal voltage of battery or fault of balance control unit) or dangerous driving or abnormal operation of the vehicle
3.3
footrest tilting function
user safety protection function of tilting the front end of footrest of electrical self-balancing vehicle upwards to prevent it from further operation in case of overspeed, low battery or overload detected
3.4
enclosure
housing affording the type and degree of protection suitable for the intended application
[Source: GB 4943.1-2022, 3.3.2.2]
3.5
loss of stability
state where the electrical self-balancing vehicle cannot actively maintain balance due to unexpected change in posture or speed of the vehicle during driving
3.6
electrolyte leakage
visible leakage of liquid electrolyte
[Source: GB/T 28164-2011, 1.3.9]
3.7
active protective device
protective device to be driven by power supply
Note: Such device includes battery management system and control integrated circuit.
3.8
wheel spin
rapid spinning of the wheel, that is, rapid spinning of the hub motor
4 Test conditions
4.1 Test road
The test road shall meet the following conditions.
a) The test shall be conducted on a cement or asphalt road surface, which is flat, dry and clean.
b) The test area shall be arranged on the test road, and the width of test channel in the test area shall not be less than 1 m. The two ends of this test area shall have a traveling supporting area that is long enough and an auxiliary area for ensuring safe stopping, and shall be able to support travel in both directions.
4.2 Driver
The driver shall meet the following conditions.
a) If the expressly indicated maximum loading capacity of the self-balancing vehicle is greater than or equal to 75 kg, the total mass of the driver and equipment in the test shall be 75 kg. Otherwise, counterweight shall be used for increasing the mass to 75 kg in case of shortage in mass; if the expressly indicated maximum loading capacity of the self-balancing vehicle is less than 75 kg, the total mass of the driver and equipment in the test shall be the maximum loading capacity of the self-balancing vehicle; if no maximum loading capacity of the self-balancing vehicle is expressly indicated, the total mass of the driver and equipment in the test shall be 75 kg.
b) The driver shall be proficient in driving techniques and familiar with test methods.
c) The driver shall be equipped with necessary protective equipment such as helmets, knee pads and elbow pads.
d) The driver shall drive the vehicle under test according to the operation method specified by the manufacturer, and shall keep the driving posture not changed significantly in the whole test process and avoid the operation not allowed by the manufacturer.
Contents
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Test conditions
5 General safety requirements
6 Electrical safety
7 Mechanical safety
8 Environmental reliability
9 Test methods
10 Marking and description
Annex A (Informative) Protective circuit and safety analysis
Bibliography
