Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 12539-1990 Motor vehicles - Steep hill climbing - Test method.
In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 12539-1990:
——Clause 3 "Terms and Definitions" is added;
——"Test conditions" is modified and 4.3 "Vehicle conditions" and 4.4 "Other conditions" are added;
——The test method and calculation equation in Clause 5 are modified;
——Annex A "Record form of steep hill climbing test method" is revised.
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization (SAC/TC 114).
The previous edition of this standard is as follows:
——GB/T 12539-1990.
Motor vehicles steep hill climbing test method
1 Scope
This standard specifies those requirements for the motor vehicles steep hill climbing test, including the test conditions, test methods, test results, etc.
It is applicable to motor vehicles other than electric vehicles and can be referenced by tractor-trailer combination.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 12534 Motor vehicles - General rules of road test method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
climbing success
a state of motor vehicles passing through the test section at an increasing or gradually stable speed during the process of climbing a hill
3.2
maximum gradability
a limit ramp that a motor vehicle can pass under full load on a favorable pavement, which is expressed as a percentage of the vertical height to the horizontal distance of the ramp
4 Test conditions
4.1 Road requirements
As shown in Figure 1, the ramp length of the test section is not less than 20m, and there are transition sections in front and at the back of the test section. The straight and flat section in front of the hill shall not be less than 8m, and shall be a natural ramp (asphalt pavement or concrete pavement) with flat, solid and dry surface and even gradient.
The longitudinal gradient change rate of the test section is not greater than 0.1%, and the transverse change rate is not greater than 3%.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of hill climbing roads
4.2 Measurement parameters as well as their unit and accuracy
See Table 1 for the measurement parameters as well as their unit and accuracy.
Table 1 Measurement parameters as well as their unit and accuracy
Parameter Unit Accuracy
Time s ±0.1s
Length m ±0.1m
Atmospheric temperature ℃ ±1℃
Atmospheric pressure kPa ±1kPa
Speed km/h ±0.1km/h
Mass (≤3 500kg) kg ±5kg
Mass (>3 500kg) kg ±10kg
Rotating speed r/min ±50r/min
Gradient % ±0.1%
4.3 Vehicle conditions
4.3.1 Tire
The tire pressure is the factory-set inflation pressure of the tire in the cold state plus 20kPa.
4.3.2 Loading mass
The loading mass shall be determined according to the factory-set type, and the load distribution should be uniform and fixed firmly.
4.3.3 Vehicle preparation
4.3.3.1 Vehicles shall be clean, and the ventilation devices in the passenger compartment and the windows shall be closed unless special requirements are required for the test vehicle.
4.3.3.2 Except for the equipment necessary for the test and the daily operating parts of the vehicle, the lighting devices and auxiliary devices on the vehicle shall be turned off.
4.3.3.3 Prior to the test, the vehicle shall be set to normal running temperature in an appropriate manner.
4.4 Other conditions
4.4.1 Atmospheric temperature, pressure, wind speed and other test conditions shall meet the provisions of GB/T 12534.
4.4.2 Safety devices shall be set for the hill with longitudinal gradient larger than 40%.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Test conditions
5 Test methods
6 Test results
Annex A (Normative) Record form of steep hill climbing test
ICS 43.020
T 04
中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
GB/T 12539—2018
代替GB/T 12539—1990
汽車爬陡坡試驗(yàn)方法
Motor vehicles steep hill climbing test method
2018-05-14發(fā)布 2018-12-01實(shí)施
國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局
中國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)
發(fā)布
前言
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按照GB/T 1.1—2009給出的規(guī)則起草。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代替GB/T 12539—1990《汽車爬陡坡試驗(yàn)方法》。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與GB/T 12539—1990相比,除編輯性修改外主要技術(shù)變化如下:
——增加了第3章“術(shù)語和定義”;
——修改了“試驗(yàn)條件”,增加了4.3“車輛條件”、4.4“其他條件”;
——修改了第5章的試驗(yàn)方法和計(jì)算公式;
——修改了附錄A“爬陡坡試驗(yàn)記錄表”。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由中華人民共和同工業(yè)和信息化部提出。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由全國(guó)汽車標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)(SAC/TC 114)歸口。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所代替標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的歷次版本發(fā)布情況為:
——GB/T 12539—1990。
汽車爬陡坡試驗(yàn)方法
1范圍
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了汽車爬陡坡試驗(yàn)的試驗(yàn)條件、試驗(yàn)方法、試驗(yàn)結(jié)果等要求。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于除電動(dòng)汽車外的汽車,汽車列車可參照?qǐng)?zhí)行。
2規(guī)范性引用文件
下列文件對(duì)于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 12534汽車道路試驗(yàn)方法通則
3術(shù)語和定義
下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
爬坡成功climbing success
汽車爬坡過程中,車速不斷升高或趨于穩(wěn)定通過測(cè)試路段的狀態(tài)。
3.2
最大爬坡度maximum gradability
汽車在良好路面上,滿載狀態(tài)下所能通過的極限坡道,采用坡道垂直高度與水平距離的百分比表示。
4試驗(yàn)條件
4.1道路要求
道路如圖1所示,測(cè)試路段坡道長(zhǎng)不小于20 m,測(cè)試路段的前后設(shè)有漸變路段。坡前平直路段不小于8 m,應(yīng)為表面平整、堅(jiān)實(shí)、干燥、坡度均勻的自然坡道(瀝青路面或混凝土路面)。
測(cè)試路段的縱向坡度變化率不大于0.1%,橫向變化率不大于3%。
測(cè)試路段
漸變路段
漸變路段
平直路段
坡底區(qū)域
坡道區(qū)域
坡頂區(qū)域
圖1爬坡道路示意圖
4.2測(cè)量參數(shù)及其單位、精確度
測(cè)量參數(shù)及其單位、精確度要求見表1。
表1測(cè)量參數(shù)及其單位、精確度
參數(shù) 單位 精確度
時(shí)間 s ±0.1 s
長(zhǎng)度 m ±0.1 m
大氣溫度 ℃ ±1℃
大氣壓力 kPa ±1 kPa
速度 km/h ±0.1 km/h
質(zhì)量(≤3 500 kg) kg ±5 kg
質(zhì)量(>3 500 kg) kg ±10 kg
轉(zhuǎn)速 r/min ±50 r/min
坡度 % ±0.1%
4.3車輛條件
4.3.1輪胎
輪胎氣壓為廠定輪胎在冷狀態(tài)的充氣壓力下再增加20 kPa。
4.3.2裝載質(zhì)量
裝載質(zhì)量按廠定型式確定,載荷分布宜均勻,固定牢靠。
4.3.3車輛準(zhǔn)備
4.3.3.1 車輛應(yīng)干凈,車窗和乘客艙內(nèi)通風(fēng)裝置應(yīng)關(guān)閉,除非試驗(yàn)車輛有特殊要求。
4.3.3.2除試驗(yàn)必需的設(shè)備和車輛日常操縱部件外,應(yīng)關(guān)閉車上的照明裝置及輔助裝置。
4.3.3.3試驗(yàn)開始前,應(yīng)采用適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞绞管囕v達(dá)到正常運(yùn)行溫度。
4.4其他條件
4.4.1大氣溫度、氣壓、風(fēng)速等其他試驗(yàn)條件應(yīng)符合GB/T 12534的規(guī)定。
4.4.2大于40%的縱坡應(yīng)設(shè)置安全保險(xiǎn)裝置。
5試驗(yàn)方法
5.1規(guī)定坡道爬坡
5.1.1汽車擋位置于最低擋,如有副變速器也置于最低擋,自動(dòng)擋汽車置于D擋(或按制造商要求),全驅(qū)車使用全輪驅(qū)動(dòng)。
5.1.2將汽車停于接近坡道區(qū)域的平直路段上。
5.1.3起步后將油門全開,在測(cè)試路段采集汽車的車速及發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速變化數(shù)據(jù),爬坡中車速不斷升高或趨于穩(wěn)定通過測(cè)試路段,則爬坡成功并記錄平均車速。
5.1.4爬坡過程中監(jiān)視各儀表(如水溫、機(jī)油壓力)的工作情況;爬至坡頂后,停車檢查各部位有無異常現(xiàn)象發(fā)生,并做詳細(xì)記錄。
5.1.5第一次爬坡失敗時(shí),分析爬坡失敗的原因。如果爬坡過程中發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速未達(dá)到最大扭矩點(diǎn),可放寬車輛前端距坡道區(qū)域的距離,使車輛進(jìn)入測(cè)試路段前發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速提升至最大扭矩點(diǎn),進(jìn)行第二次爬坡,但總共不允許超過兩次,第二次爬坡要在記錄報(bào)告中應(yīng)特別說明。
5.1.6越野車起步后,將油門全開進(jìn)行爬坡;當(dāng)汽車處于測(cè)試路段時(shí),靠自身制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)停住,變速器放入空擋,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熄火2 min,再起步爬坡,記錄發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速。
5.1.7牽引車做爬坡試驗(yàn)時(shí),應(yīng)在制造商規(guī)定的牽引條件和坡道上進(jìn)行。
5.2最大爬坡度
若沒有制造商規(guī)定坡度的坡道,可增減裝載質(zhì)量或采用變速器較高一擋(如Ⅱ擋)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),按式(1)折算為最大設(shè)計(jì)總質(zhì)量下,變速器使用最低擋時(shí)的爬坡度:
(1)
式中:
tanαm×100%——最大爬坡度
α1——試驗(yàn)時(shí)的實(shí)際坡度角,單位為度(°);
Ga1——汽車實(shí)際總質(zhì)量,單位為千克(kg);
Ga——汽車最大設(shè)計(jì)總質(zhì)量,單位為千克(kg);
i1——最低擋總速比;
i2——實(shí)際總速比;
f——滾阻系數(shù),一般取0.01。
6試驗(yàn)結(jié)果
爬坡試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)果按附錄A的試驗(yàn)記錄表填寫。
附錄A
(規(guī)范性附錄)
爬陡坡試驗(yàn)記錄表
汽車型號(hào)____ VIN____ 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)____ 出廠日期__年__月__日
天氣____ 氣溫____℃ 風(fēng)速____m/s 試驗(yàn)日期__年__月__日
風(fēng)向____ 氣壓____kPa 試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)____ 路面狀況____
里程表讀數(shù)____ 坡道坡度____% 試驗(yàn)員____ 駕駛員____
試驗(yàn)序號(hào) 實(shí)際總質(zhì)量
kg 載荷分配
kg 測(cè)試路段長(zhǎng)度
m 通過測(cè)試路段時(shí)間
s 平均車速
km/h 使用擋位 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速
r/min 備注
試驗(yàn)情況說明:
坡道縱斷面簡(jiǎn)圖: