Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 13955-2005 Installation and Operation of Residual Current Operated Protective Devices; in addition to a number of editorial changes,the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 13955-2005:
——GB/T 14048.1, GB/T 20044, GB/T 22387, GB/T 22794 and GB/T 28527 (see Chapter 2) are added;
——GB 14287 is deleted (see Chapter 2 of 2005 edition);
——The definitions of terms such as "direct contact", "indirect contact", "residual current" and "assemble type residual operated protective devices" are modified (see 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.29; 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.24 of 2005 edition);
——The terms and definitions of "group of loads", "selective protection", "main protection", "middle protection" and "end protection" are added (see 3.12, 3.13, 3.14, 3.15 and 3.16);
——Term and definition of "residual current operated electrical fire monitor system" is deleted (see 3.26 of 2005 edition);
——Restrictions to "power supply and consumption system for neutral point direct earthing of power supply" and to rated frequency are cancelled (see Chapter 1; Chapter 1 of 2005 edition);
——The relevant contents of "alarm RCD" and "residual current operated electrical fire monitor system" are deleted (see introduction);
——"5.4 c) The influence of non-power frequency leakage current shall be considered in occasions where the application of power line carrier has an influence on line leakage current." is added (see 5.4);
——The requirements of RCD installation in agricultural power utilization place in the rural area are added (see 4.4.1; 4.5.1 of 2005 edition);
——"Energy meter boxes are intensively installed in the rural area" is deleted (see 4.4.2; 4.5.2 of 2005 edition);
——TN-C earthing type in Table 1 is deleted (see Table 1; Table 1 of 2015 edition);
——Specific operation and management plans are proposed according to the relevant requirements for maintenance, operation and fault shooting of RCD; the relevant compulsory technical requirements in original standard are revised;
——Button test and on-load opening/closing after installation is changed as one time (see 6.3; 6.3.7 of 2005 edition).
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of China Electricity Council.
The previous edition of the standard replaced by this standard is:
——GB/T 13955-2005.
Introduction
To install residual current operated protective devices in low-voltage distribution system is one of the effective measures for avoiding electric shock accident caused by direct and indirect contact, and it is also one of the technical measures for avoiding electrical fire and electrical equipment damage accident caused by earth fault of electrical circuit or electrical equipment. After residual current operated protective device is installed, the prevention shall come first, in addition, other technical measures for avoiding electric shock accident, electrical fire and electrical equipment damage accident shall also be taken.
The residual current operated protective device in this standard refers to the protective device being able to automatically power off when the residual current generated by earth fault of live conductor in circuit is greater than the specified value, including various circuit-breakers with residual current protection function, portable move type residual current operated protective devices and residual current relays and the composite apparatus.
Installation and Operation of Residual Current Operated Protective Devices
1 Scope
This standard specifies the relevant requirements for correct selection, installation and use of Residual Current operated protective Devices (hereinafter referred to as RCD) as well as its operation and management.
This standard is applicable to AC power supply and consumption system with rated voltage not greater than 400V.
This standard is not applicable to protection against electric shock accident happened between phases or between phase and N line, electrical equipment damage or electrical fire accident.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/Z 6829 General Requirements for Residual Current Operated Protective Devices
GB/T 10963.1 Electrical Accessories - Circuit-breakers for Overcurrent Protection for Household and Similar Installation - Part 1: Circuit-breakers for a.c. Operation (GB/T 10963.1-2005, IEC 60898.1:2002, IDT)
GB/T 14048.1 Low-voltage Switchgear and Controlgear - Part 1:General Rules (GB/T 14048.1-2012, IEC 60947-1:2011, MOD)
GB/T 14048.2 Low-voltage Switchgear and Controlgear - Part 2: Circuit-breakers (GB/T 14048.2-2008, IEC 60947-2:2006, IDT)
GB 14050-2008 Types and Safety Technical Requirements of System Earthing
GB/T 16916 (All parts) Residual Current Operated Circuit-breakers without Integral Overcurrent Protection for Household and Similar Uses (RCCB) (GB/T 16916.1-2014, IEC 61008-11:2012, MOD; GB/T 16916.21-2008, IEC 61008-2-1:1990, IDT; GB/T 16916.22-2008, IEC 61008-2-2:1990, IDT)
GB/T 16917 (All parts) Residual Current Operated Circuit-breakers with Integral Overcurrent Protection for Household and Similar Uses (RCCB) (GB/T 16917.1-2014, IEC 61009-1:2012, MOD; GB/T 16917.21-2008, IEC 61009-2-1:1991, IDT; GB/T 16917.22-2008, IEC 61009-2-2:1991, IDT)
GB/T 20044 Electrical Accessories - Portable Residual Current Devices without Integral Overcurrent Protection for Household and Similar Use (PRCD) (GB/T 20044-2012, IEC 61540:1999, MOD)
GB/T 22387 Residual Current Operated Relay
GB/T 22794 Type B Residual Current Operated Circuit-breakers with and without Integral Overcurrent Protection for Household and Similar Uses (Type B RCCBs and Type B RCBOs) (GB/T 22794-2008, IEC 62423:2007, IDT)
GB/T 28527 Residual Current Devices with or without Overcurrent Protection for Socket-outlets for Household and Similar Uses (SRCD) (GB/T 28527-2012, IEC 62640:2011, MOD)
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
direct contact
contact of human or animal with live conductor
3.2
indirect contact
contact of human or animal with exposed conductor of equipment which becomes live under fault condition
3.3
residual current
I?
effective value of current vector sum passing through RCD main circuit
3.4
residual operating current
residual current value which causes RCD to operate under specified conditions
3.5
rated residual operating current
IΔn
residual operating current value of RCD specified by the manufacturer, at which RCD shall operate under specified conditions
3.6
residual non-operating current
residual current value which doesn't cause RCD to operate under specified conditions in case of less than or equal to this current
3.7
rated residual non-operating current
IΔn0
residual non-operating current value of RCD specified by the manufacturer, at which RCD will not operate under specified conditions
3.8
earth fault current
current flowing into the earth due to insulation fault
3.9
earth leakage current
current flowing into the earth from live component of equipment without insulation fault
3.10
residual current operated circuit-breaker
mechanical switching device used for connecting, carrying and disconnecting the current under normal operating conditions and disconnecting the contact when the residual current reaches the specified value under specified conditions
3.11
residual current operated relay
electric apparatus which can send out operating command when the residual current reaches the specified value under specified conditions
3.12
group of loads
set of all power loads sharing the same branch point
3.13
selective protection
RCD is respectively installed at power supply end, head end of group of loads and load end to constitute two-level or above series connection protective system, and the rated current value and residual current operated value of main circuit of RCD at all levels cooperate with the operating time to realize selective protection
3.14
main protection
Level 1 RCD installed at low-voltage side of distribution area, also known as Level 1 protection
3.15
middle protection
RCD installed at low-voltage main line or branch line between main protection and household protection, also known as Level 2 protection; middle protection may be classified into "three-phase middle protection" and "single-phase middle protection" according to different installation places and wiring modes
3.16
end protection
it refers to the power distribution protection of residential buildings (or household protection) or protection of single electric equipment (Level 3 protection)
3.17
residual current operated circuit-breaker without integral overcurrent protection
residual current operated circuit-breakers without overload and/or short-circuit protection functions
3.18
residual current operated circuit-breaker with integral overcurrent protection
residual current operated circuit-breakers with overload and/or short-circuit protection functions
3.19
RCD's functionally independent of line voltage
RCD, of which, the detection, judgment and disconnection functions are independent of line voltage
3.20
RCD's functionally dependent on line voltage
RCD, of which, the detection, judgment and disconnection functions are dependent on line voltage
3.21
break time of RCD
the period from the moment of suddenly applying residual operating current to the moment of all electrode arcs going off
3.22
limit non-actuating time
the maximum delay time of applying a residual current value greater than residual non-operating current on RCD but not causing RCD to operate
3.23
time-delay RCD
RCD specially designed for corresponding to a given residual current value and reaching a predetermined limit non-actuating time
3.24
type AC residual current device
RCD which can ensure to release the suddenly applied or slowly rising residual sinusoidal alternating current
Foreword i
Introduction iii
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Application of RCD
4.1 Protection against Direct Contact Electric Shock Accident
4.2 Protection against Indirect Contact Electric Shock Accident
4.3 Selective Protection
4.4 Equipment and Place in Which RCD Shall be Installed
4.5 Situation Where RCD May not be Installed
5 Selection of RCD
5.1 Technical Conditions of RCD
5.2 Technical Parameters of RCD
5.3 Selection of RCD According to Power Supply Mode of Electrical Equipment
5.4 Selection of Rated Operating Current of RCD
5.5 Adoption of Selective Protection Mode
5.6 Selection of RCD According to Operating Environment Conditions of Electrical Equipment
5.7 Selection of Operating Parameters of RCD
5.8 Selection of RCD with Special Load and in Special Places
6 Installation of RCD
6.1 Installation Requirements of RCD
6.2 Requirements of RCD for Power Grid
6.3 Construction Requirements of RCD Installation
7 Operation and Management of RCD
Annex A (Normative) System Earthing Types
Annex B (Normative) Rated Value of RCD
Annex C (Informative) Reference of Selective Protection Mode
Bibliography
剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)裝置安裝和運(yùn)行
1 范圍
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了正確選擇、安裝、使用剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)裝置(Residual Current operated protective Devices,簡(jiǎn)稱RCD)及其運(yùn)行管理的有關(guān)要求。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于額定電壓不超過(guò)400 V的交流供用電系統(tǒng)。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不適用于相與相之間或相與N線之間發(fā)生的電擊事故、電氣設(shè)備損壞或電氣火災(zāi)事故的保護(hù)作用。
2規(guī)范性引用文件
下列文件對(duì)于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/Z 6829剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器的一般要求
GB/T 10963.1電氣附件 家用及類似場(chǎng)所用過(guò)電流保護(hù)斷路器 第1部分:用于交流的斷路器(GB/T 10963.1—2005,IEC 60898.1:2002,IDT)
GB/T 14048.1低壓開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備 第1部分:總則(GB/T 14048.1—2012,IEC 60947—1:2011,MOD)
GB/T 14048.2低壓開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備 第2部分:斷路器(GB/T 14048.2—2008,IEC 60947—2:2006,IDT)
GB 14050—2008系統(tǒng)接地的型式及安全技術(shù)要求
GB/T 16916(所有部分) 家用和類似用途的不帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)的剩余電流動(dòng)作斷路器(RCCB)(GB/T 16916.1—2014,IEC 61008-11:2012,MOD;GB/T 16916.21—2008,IEC 61008-2-1:1990,IDT;GB/T 16916.22—2008,IEC 61008—2—2:1990,IDT)
GB/T 16917(所有部分) 家用和類似用途的帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)的剩余電流動(dòng)作斷路器(RCBO)(GB/T 16917.1—2014,IEC 61009—1:2012,MOD;GB/T 16917.21—2008,IEC 61009—2—1:1991,IDT;GB/T 16917.22—2008,IEC 61009—2—2:1991,IDT)
GB/T 20044電氣附件 家用和類似用途的不帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)的移動(dòng)式剩余電流裝置(PRCD)(GB/T 20044—2012,IEC 61540:1999,MOD)
GB/T 22387剩余電流動(dòng)作繼電器
GB/T 22794家用和類似用途的不帶或帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)的B型剩余電流動(dòng)作斷路器(B型RCCB和B型RCBO)(GB/T 22794—2008,IEC 62423:2007,IDT)
GB/T 28527 家用和類似用途的帶或不帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)的插座式剩余電流電器(SRCD)(GB/T 28527—2012,IEC 62640:2011,MOD)
3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義
下列術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
直接接觸direct contact
人、動(dòng)物與帶電導(dǎo)體的接觸。
3.2
間接接觸indirect contact
人、動(dòng)物與故障情況下變?yōu)閹щ姷脑O(shè)備外露導(dǎo)體的接觸。
3.3
剩余電流residual current
IA
通過(guò)RCD主回路的電流矢量和的有效值。
3.4
剩余動(dòng)作電流residual operating current
使RCD在規(guī)定條件下動(dòng)作的剩余電流值。
3.5
額定剩余動(dòng)作電流rated residual operating current
IΔn
制造廠對(duì)RCD規(guī)定的剩余動(dòng)作電流值。在該電流值時(shí),RCD應(yīng)在規(guī)定的條件下動(dòng)作。
3.6
剩余不動(dòng)作電流residual non-operating current
在小于或等于該電流時(shí),RCD在規(guī)定條件下不動(dòng)作的剩余電流值。
3.7
額定剩余不動(dòng)作電流 rated residual non-operating current
IΔn0
制造廠對(duì)RCD規(guī)定的剩余不動(dòng)作電流值,在該電流值時(shí),RCD在規(guī)定的條件下不動(dòng)作。
3.8
接地故障電流earth fault current
由于絕緣故障而流入地的電流。
3.9
對(duì)地泄漏電流 earth leakage current
無(wú)絕緣故障,從設(shè)備的帶電部件流入地的電流。
3.10
剩余電流動(dòng)作斷路器residual current operated circuit-breaker
用于接通、承載和分?jǐn)嗾9ぷ鳁l件下電流,以及在規(guī)定條件下當(dāng)剩余電流達(dá)到規(guī)定值時(shí),使觸頭斷開(kāi)的機(jī)械開(kāi)關(guān)電器。
3.11
剩余電流動(dòng)作繼電器 residual current operated relay
在規(guī)定的條件下,當(dāng)剩余電流達(dá)到規(guī)定值時(shí),發(fā)出動(dòng)作指令的電器。
3.12
負(fù)荷群group of loads
具有共同分支點(diǎn)的所有電力負(fù)荷的集合。
3.13
分級(jí)保護(hù)selective protection
RCD分別裝設(shè)在電源端、負(fù)荷群首端、負(fù)荷端,構(gòu)成兩級(jí)及以上串聯(lián)保護(hù)系統(tǒng),且各級(jí)RCD的主回路額定電流值、剩余電流動(dòng)作值與動(dòng)作時(shí)間協(xié)調(diào)配合,實(shí)現(xiàn)具有選擇性的分級(jí)保護(hù)。
3.14
總保護(hù) main protection
安裝在配電臺(tái)區(qū)低壓側(cè)的第一級(jí)剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器,亦稱總保(一級(jí)保護(hù))。
3.15
中級(jí)保護(hù)middle protection
安裝在總保和戶保之間的低壓干線或分支線的剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器,亦稱中保(二級(jí)保護(hù))。中保因安裝地點(diǎn)、接線方式不同,可分為“三相中保”和“單相中保”。
3.16
末端保護(hù)end protection
末端保護(hù)是指住宅配電保護(hù)(或稱戶保)或單臺(tái)用電設(shè)備的保護(hù)(三級(jí)保護(hù))。
3.17
不帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)的剩余電流動(dòng)作斷路器(RCCB) residual current operated circuit-breaker without integral overcurrent protection
不能執(zhí)行過(guò)載和/或短路保護(hù)功能的剩余電流動(dòng)作斷路器。
3.18
帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)的剩余電流動(dòng)作斷路器(RCBO)residual current operated circuit-breaker with inte-gral overcurrent protection
能執(zhí)行過(guò)載和/或短路保護(hù)功能的剩余電流動(dòng)作斷路器。
3.19
動(dòng)作功能與電源電壓無(wú)關(guān)的RCD RCD's functionally independent of line voltage
其檢測(cè)、判斷和分?jǐn)喙δ芘c電源電壓無(wú)關(guān)的RCD。
3.20
動(dòng)作功能與電源電壓有關(guān)的RCD RCD's functionally dependent on line voltage
其檢測(cè)、判斷和分?jǐn)喙δ芘c電源電壓有關(guān)的RCD。
3.21
RCD的分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間break time of RCD
從突然施加剩余動(dòng)作電流的瞬間起到所有極電弧熄滅瞬間為止所經(jīng)過(guò)的時(shí)間。
3.22
極限不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間limit non-actuating time
對(duì)RCD施加一個(gè)大于剩余不動(dòng)作電流的剩余電流值而不使RCD動(dòng)作的最大延時(shí)時(shí)間。
3.23
延時(shí)型RCD time-delay RCD
專門設(shè)計(jì)的對(duì)應(yīng)于一個(gè)給定的剩余電流值,能達(dá)到一個(gè)預(yù)定的極限不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間的RCD。
3.24
AC型RCD type AC residual current device
對(duì)突然施加或緩慢上升的剩余正弦交流電流能確保脫扣的RCD。
3.25
A型RCD type A residual current device
對(duì)突然施加或緩慢上升的剩余正弦交流電流和剩余脈動(dòng)直流電流,能確保脫扣的RCD。
3.26
B型RCD type B residual current device
對(duì)突然施加或緩慢上升的剩余正弦交流電流、剩余脈動(dòng)直流和平滑直流電流,能確保脫扣的RCD。
3.27
脈動(dòng)直流電流pulsating direct current
在每一個(gè)額定工頻周期內(nèi),用角度表示至少為150°的一段時(shí)間間隔內(nèi)電流值為0或不超過(guò)直流0.006 A的脈動(dòng)波形電流。
3.28
試驗(yàn)裝置test device
裝設(shè)在RCD內(nèi)的模擬RCD在規(guī)定條件下動(dòng)作的剩余電流條件的裝置。
3.29
組合式RCD assemble type residual operated protection devices
用剩余電流互感器、剩余電流動(dòng)作繼電器、斷路器、報(bào)警或通信裝置等獨(dú)立部件分別安裝,通過(guò)電氣連接組合成的RCD。
3.30
移動(dòng)式RCD portable move type residual current operated protective devices
可移動(dòng)使用的RCD。
4 RCD的應(yīng)用
4.1 對(duì)直接接觸電擊事故的防護(hù)
4.1 對(duì)直接接觸電擊事故的防護(hù)
在直接接觸電擊事故的防護(hù)中,RCD只作為直接接觸電擊事故基本防護(hù)措施的補(bǔ)充保護(hù)措施(不包括對(duì)相與相、相與N線間形成的直接接觸電擊事故的保護(hù))。
用于直接接觸電擊事故防護(hù)時(shí),應(yīng)選用無(wú)延時(shí)的RCD,其額定剩余動(dòng)作電流不超過(guò)30 mA。
4.2對(duì)間接接觸電擊事故的防護(hù)
4.2.1 一般要求
間接接觸電擊事故防護(hù)的主要措施是采用自動(dòng)切斷電源的保護(hù)方式,以防止由于電氣設(shè)備絕緣損壞發(fā)生接地故障時(shí),電氣設(shè)備的外露可接近導(dǎo)體持續(xù)帶有危險(xiǎn)電壓而產(chǎn)生有害影響或電氣設(shè)備損壞事故。當(dāng)電路發(fā)生絕緣損壞造成接地故障,其接地故障電流值小于過(guò)電流保護(hù)裝置的動(dòng)作電流值時(shí),應(yīng)安裝RCD。
RCD用于間接接觸電擊事故防護(hù)時(shí),應(yīng)正確地與電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)接地型式(電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)接地的型式符合GB 14050—2008中4.1、4.2、4.3的規(guī)定,見(jiàn)附錄A)相配合。
4.2.2對(duì)TN系統(tǒng)的防護(hù)要求
4.2.2.1采用RCD的TN-C系統(tǒng),應(yīng)根據(jù)電擊防護(hù)措施的具體情況,將電氣設(shè)備外露可接近導(dǎo)體獨(dú)立接地,形成局部TT系統(tǒng)。
4.2.2.2在TN系統(tǒng)中,應(yīng)將TN-C系統(tǒng)改造為TN-C-S、TN-S系統(tǒng)或局部TT系統(tǒng)后,方可安裝使用RCD。在TN-C-S系統(tǒng)中,RCD只允許使用在N線與PE線分開(kāi)部分。
4.2.3對(duì)TT系統(tǒng)的防護(hù)要求
TT系統(tǒng)的電氣線路或電氣設(shè)備應(yīng)裝設(shè)RCD作為防電擊事故的保護(hù)措施。
4.2.4對(duì)IT系統(tǒng)的防護(hù)要求
IT系統(tǒng)的電氣線路或電氣設(shè)備可以針對(duì)外露的可接觸不同電位的導(dǎo)電部分保護(hù)性安裝RCD。
4.3分級(jí)保護(hù)
低壓供用電系統(tǒng)中為了縮小發(fā)生人身電擊事故和接地故障切斷電源時(shí)引起的停電范圍,RCD應(yīng)采用分級(jí)保護(hù):
a) 分級(jí)保護(hù)方式(參見(jiàn)附錄C)的選擇應(yīng)根據(jù)用電負(fù)荷和線路具體情況、被保護(hù)設(shè)備和場(chǎng)所的需要設(shè)置,形成由總保護(hù)、中級(jí)保護(hù)、末端保護(hù)組成兩級(jí)或三級(jí)保護(hù)。
b) 各級(jí)RCD的動(dòng)作電流值與動(dòng)作時(shí)間應(yīng)協(xié)調(diào)配合,實(shí)現(xiàn)具有動(dòng)作選擇性的分級(jí)保護(hù)。
c) RCD的分級(jí)保護(hù)應(yīng)以末端保護(hù)為基礎(chǔ)。末端保護(hù)上一級(jí)保護(hù)的保護(hù)范圍應(yīng)根據(jù)負(fù)荷分布的具體情況確定其保護(hù)范圍。
d) 為防止配電線路發(fā)生接地故障導(dǎo)致人身電擊事故,可根據(jù)線路的具體情況,采用分級(jí)保護(hù)。
e) 企事業(yè)單位的建筑物和住宅應(yīng)采用分級(jí)保護(hù)。
4.4應(yīng)安裝RCD的設(shè)備和場(chǎng)所
4.4.1末端保護(hù)
下列設(shè)備和場(chǎng)所應(yīng)安裝末端保護(hù)RCD:
a) 屬于I類的移動(dòng)式電氣設(shè)備及手持式電動(dòng)工具1);
b)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)用的電氣設(shè)備;
c)施工工地的電氣機(jī)械設(shè)備;
d)安裝在戶外的電氣裝置;
e) 臨時(shí)用電的電氣設(shè)備;
f) 機(jī)關(guān)、學(xué)校、賓館、飯店、企事業(yè)單位和住宅等除壁掛式空調(diào)電源插座外的其他電源插座或插座回路;
g)游泳池、噴水池、浴室、浴池的電氣設(shè)備2);
h)安裝在水中的供電線路和設(shè)備;
i) 醫(yī)院中可能直接接觸人體的醫(yī)用電氣設(shè)備3);
j) 農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)用的電氣設(shè)備;
k)水產(chǎn)品加工用電;
l) 其他需要安裝RCD的場(chǎng)所。
4.4.2 線路保護(hù)
低壓配電線路根據(jù)具體情況采用二級(jí)或三級(jí)保護(hù)時(shí),在電源端、負(fù)荷群首端或線路末端(農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的電源配電箱)安裝RCD。
4.5可不裝RCD的情況
具備下列條件的電氣設(shè)備和場(chǎng)所,可不裝RCD:
a) 使用安全電壓供電的電氣設(shè)備;
1)參照GB/T 17045,電氣產(chǎn)品分為四類。其中I類產(chǎn)品的防電擊保護(hù)不僅依靠設(shè)備的基本絕緣,而且還應(yīng)包含一個(gè)附加的安全預(yù)防措施,該措施是將可能觸及的可導(dǎo)電的零件與已安裝的固定線路中的保護(hù)線或TT系統(tǒng)的獨(dú)立接地裝置聯(lián)接起來(lái),以使可觸及的可導(dǎo)電零件在基本絕緣損壞的事故中不帶有危險(xiǎn)電壓。
2)指相關(guān)規(guī)定屬于應(yīng)安裝保護(hù)裝置區(qū)域內(nèi)的電氣設(shè)備。
3)指GB 9706.1—2007中H類醫(yī)用設(shè)備。
b)一般環(huán)境條件下使用的具有加強(qiáng)絕緣(雙重絕緣)的電氣設(shè)備(如II類和Ⅲ類電器等);
c)使用隔離變壓器且二次側(cè)為不接地系統(tǒng)供電的電氣設(shè)備;
d)具有非導(dǎo)電條件場(chǎng)所的電氣設(shè)備;
e)在沒(méi)有間接接觸電擊危險(xiǎn)場(chǎng)所的電氣設(shè)備。
5 RCD的選用
5.1 RCD的技術(shù)條件
應(yīng)符合GB/Z 6829、GB/T 10963.1、GB/T 14048.2、GB/T 16916、GB/T 16917、GB/T 20044、GB/T 28527、GB/T 22794、GB/T 22387等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定,并通過(guò)中國(guó)國(guó)家強(qiáng)制性產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證。
5.2 RCD的技術(shù)參數(shù)
RCD的技術(shù)參數(shù)額定值(見(jiàn)附錄B)應(yīng)與被保護(hù)線路或設(shè)備的技術(shù)參數(shù)和安裝使用的具體條件相配合。
5.3按電氣設(shè)備的供電方式選用RCD
按電氣設(shè)備的供電方式,選用相應(yīng)的RCD:
a)單相220 V電源供電的電氣設(shè)備,應(yīng)選用二極二線式RCD;
b) 三相三線式380 V電源供電的電氣設(shè)備,應(yīng)選用三極三線式RCD;
c)三相四線式220 V電源供電的電氣設(shè)備,三相設(shè)備與單相設(shè)備共用的電路應(yīng)選用三極四線或四極四線式RCD。
5.4 RCD的額定動(dòng)作電流選擇
RCD額定動(dòng)作電流的選擇,應(yīng)考慮下列因素:
a)要充分考慮電氣線路和設(shè)備的對(duì)地泄漏電流值,必要時(shí)可通過(guò)實(shí)際測(cè)量取得被保護(hù)線路或設(shè)備的對(duì)地泄漏電流;
b) 因季節(jié)和天氣變化引起對(duì)地泄漏電流值變化時(shí),應(yīng)考慮采用動(dòng)作電流可調(diào)式RCD;
c) 當(dāng)使用在有電力線載波應(yīng)用等對(duì)線路漏電流有影響的場(chǎng)合時(shí),應(yīng)考慮非工頻泄漏電流的影響因素。
5.5采用分級(jí)保護(hù)方式
采用分級(jí)保護(hù)方式時(shí),安裝使用前應(yīng)利用試驗(yàn)裝置進(jìn)行串聯(lián)模擬分級(jí)動(dòng)作試驗(yàn),保證其動(dòng)作特性協(xié)調(diào)配合。
5.6 根據(jù)電氣設(shè)備的工作環(huán)境條件選用RCD
RCD的選用,應(yīng)根據(jù)如下電氣設(shè)備的工作環(huán)境:
a)RCD應(yīng)與使用環(huán)境條件相適應(yīng);
b)對(duì)電源電壓偏差在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍內(nèi)的地區(qū)的電氣設(shè)備應(yīng)選用動(dòng)作功能與電源電壓有關(guān)的RCD,否則應(yīng)優(yōu)先選用動(dòng)作功能與電源電壓無(wú)關(guān)的RCD;
c) 特殊使用條件(超出或由RCD相關(guān)產(chǎn)品國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),如:GB/Z 6829、GB/T 14048.2、GB/T 16916、GB/T 18917等規(guī)定的“使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工作條件”)下,應(yīng)選用環(huán)境指標(biāo)合適的RCD,并采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧源_保RCD正常工作;
d) 對(duì)于家用電器保護(hù)的RCD必要時(shí)可選用滿足過(guò)電壓保護(hù)的RCD;
e) 安裝在易燃、易爆、潮濕或有腐蝕性氣體等惡劣環(huán)境中的RCD,應(yīng)根據(jù)有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選用特殊防護(hù)條件的RCD,或采取相應(yīng)的防護(hù)措施。
5.7 RCD動(dòng)作參數(shù)的選擇
RCD動(dòng)作參數(shù)的選擇,應(yīng)考慮如下因素:
a) 手持式電動(dòng)工具、移動(dòng)電器、家用電器等設(shè)備應(yīng)優(yōu)先選用額定剩余動(dòng)作電流不大于30 mA、無(wú)延時(shí)的RCD;
b)單臺(tái)電氣機(jī)械設(shè)備,可根據(jù)其容量大小選用額定剩余動(dòng)作電流30 mA以上、100 mA及以下、無(wú)延時(shí)RCD;
c) 電氣線路或多臺(tái)電氣設(shè)備(或多住戶)的電源端,其動(dòng)作電流和動(dòng)作時(shí)間應(yīng)按被保護(hù)線路和設(shè)備的具體情況及其泄漏電流值確定。必要時(shí)應(yīng)選用動(dòng)作電流可調(diào)和延時(shí)動(dòng)作型的RCD;
d) 在采用分級(jí)保護(hù)方式時(shí),上下級(jí)RCD的動(dòng)作時(shí)間差不得小于0.1 s。上一級(jí)RCD的極限不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間應(yīng)大于下一級(jí)RCD的動(dòng)作時(shí)間,且時(shí)間差應(yīng)盡量小;
e) 選用的RCD的額定剩余不動(dòng)作電流,應(yīng)不小于被保護(hù)電氣線路和設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)行時(shí)泄漏電流最大值的2倍;
f) 除末端保護(hù)外,各級(jí)RCD應(yīng)選用低靈敏度延時(shí)型的保護(hù)裝置。且各級(jí)保護(hù)裝置的動(dòng)作特性應(yīng)協(xié)調(diào)配合,實(shí)現(xiàn)具有選擇性的分級(jí)保護(hù)。
5.8 特殊負(fù)荷和場(chǎng)所的RCD選用
4.4.1的i)中所列醫(yī)院中的醫(yī)用設(shè)備安裝RCD時(shí),應(yīng)選用額定剩余動(dòng)作電流為10 mA、無(wú)延時(shí)的RCD。
安裝在潮濕場(chǎng)所的電氣設(shè)備應(yīng)選用額定剩余動(dòng)作電流小于30 mA、無(wú)延時(shí)的RCD。
安裝在游泳池、水景噴水池、水上游樂(lè)園、浴室、溫室養(yǎng)殖與育苗、水產(chǎn)品加工區(qū)等特定區(qū)域的電氣設(shè)備應(yīng)選用額定剩余動(dòng)作電流為10 mA、無(wú)延的RCD。
在金屬物體上工作,操作手持式電動(dòng)工具或使用非安全電壓的行燈時(shí),應(yīng)選用額定剩余動(dòng)作電流為10 mA,無(wú)延時(shí)的RCD。
連接室外架空線路的電氣設(shè)備,可能發(fā)生沖擊過(guò)電壓時(shí),可采取特殊的保護(hù)措施(例如:采用電涌保護(hù)器等過(guò)電壓保護(hù)裝置),并選用增強(qiáng)耐誤脫扣能力的RCD。
一般情況下,選用AC型RCD。對(duì)應(yīng)用電子元器件較多的電氣設(shè)備,電源裝置故障含有脈動(dòng)直流分量時(shí),應(yīng)選用A型RCD。對(duì)負(fù)荷帶有變頻器、三相交流整流器、逆變換器、UPS裝置及特殊醫(yī)療設(shè)備(例如:X射線設(shè)備、CT)等產(chǎn)生平滑直流剩余電流的電氣設(shè)備,應(yīng)選用特殊的對(duì)脈動(dòng)直流剩余電流和平滑直流剩余電流均能動(dòng)作的B型RCD。
對(duì)弧焊變壓器應(yīng)采用專用的防電擊保護(hù)裝置。
各級(jí)RCD,可有條件選配具有信息(如運(yùn)行時(shí)間、停運(yùn)時(shí)間、運(yùn)行參數(shù)、剩余電流值等)顯示、測(cè)量、存儲(chǔ)或通信功能的RCD。
6 RCD的安裝
6.1 RCD安裝要求
RCD安裝要求如下:
a) RCD安裝應(yīng)符合GB/Z 6829、GB/T 14048.1、GB/T 16916、GB/T 16917、GB/T 20044、GB/T 28527、GB/T 22794、GB/T 22387等有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求;
b)RCD安裝應(yīng)充分考慮供電方式、供電電壓、系統(tǒng)接地方式及保護(hù)方式;
c)RCD的型式、額定電壓、額定電流、短路分?jǐn)嗄芰Α㈩~定剩余動(dòng)作電流、分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間應(yīng)滿足被保護(hù)線路和電氣設(shè)備的要求;
d) RCD在不同的系統(tǒng)接地方式中應(yīng)正確接線。單相、三相三線、三相四線供電系統(tǒng)中的正確接線方式如表1;
e)采用不帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)功能,且需輔助電源的RCD時(shí),與其配合的過(guò)電流保護(hù)元件(熔斷器)應(yīng)安裝在RCD的負(fù)荷側(cè)。
6.2 RCD對(duì)電網(wǎng)的要求
RCD對(duì)電網(wǎng)的要求如下:
a)RCD負(fù)荷側(cè)的N線,只能作為中性線,不得與其他回路共用,且不能重復(fù)接地。
b)TN-C系統(tǒng)的配電線路因運(yùn)行需要,在N線應(yīng)有重復(fù)接地時(shí),不應(yīng)將RCD作為線路電源端保護(hù)。
c) 當(dāng)電氣設(shè)備裝有高靈敏度RCD時(shí),電氣設(shè)備獨(dú)立接地裝置的接地電阻,可適當(dāng)放寬,但應(yīng)滿足式(1)要求:
RA×IΔn≤50 V (1)
式中:
RA——接地裝置的接地電阻和外露可接近導(dǎo)體的接地導(dǎo)體的電阻總和,單位為歐姆(Ω);
IΔn——RCD的額定剩余動(dòng)作電流,單位為安培(A)。
d)安裝RCD的電氣線路或設(shè)備,在正常運(yùn)行時(shí),其泄漏電流應(yīng)控制在允許范圍內(nèi),同時(shí)應(yīng)滿足5.7 e)的要求。當(dāng)泄漏電流大于允許值時(shí),應(yīng)對(duì)線路或設(shè)備進(jìn)行檢查或更換;
e) 安裝RCD的電動(dòng)機(jī)及其他電氣設(shè)備在正常運(yùn)行時(shí)的絕緣電阻不應(yīng)小于0.5 MΩ。
6.3安裝RCD的施工要求
安裝RCD的施工要求如下:
a)RCD標(biāo)有電源側(cè)和負(fù)荷側(cè)時(shí),應(yīng)按規(guī)定安裝接線,不得反接。
b)安裝剩余電流斷路器時(shí),應(yīng)按要求在電弧噴出方向有足夠的飛弧距離。
c) 組合式RCD其控制回路的連接,應(yīng)使用截面積不小于1.5 mm2的銅導(dǎo)線。
d) RCD安裝時(shí),應(yīng)嚴(yán)格區(qū)分N線和PE線,三極四線式或四極四線式RCD的N線應(yīng)接入保護(hù)裝置。通過(guò)RCD的N線,不得作為PE線,不得重復(fù)接地或接設(shè)備外露可接近導(dǎo)體。PE線不得接入RCD。
e)安裝RCD后,對(duì)原有的線路和設(shè)備的接地保護(hù)措施,應(yīng)按6.1 d)、6.2 b)及6.3 d)的要求進(jìn)行檢查和調(diào)整。
f)RCD投入運(yùn)行前,應(yīng)操作試驗(yàn)按鈕,檢驗(yàn)RCD的工作特性,確認(rèn)能正常動(dòng)作后,才允許投入正常運(yùn)行。
g)RCD安裝后的檢驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目:
1) 用試驗(yàn)按鈕試驗(yàn)1次,應(yīng)正確動(dòng)作;
2) RCD帶額定負(fù)荷電流分合1次,應(yīng)可靠動(dòng)作。
h)RCD的安裝應(yīng)由經(jīng)技術(shù)考核合格的專業(yè)人員進(jìn)行。
i) 產(chǎn)權(quán)所有者應(yīng)建立保存RCD的安裝及試驗(yàn)記錄。
RCD接線方式見(jiàn)表1。
表1 RCD接線方式
接地類型
單相(二極)
三相
三線(三極)
四線(三極或四極)
注1:L1、L2、L3為相線;N為中性線;PE為保護(hù)線;PEN為中性線和保護(hù)線合一; 為單相或三相電氣設(shè)備; 為單相照明設(shè)備;RCD為剩余電流保護(hù)裝置; 為不與系統(tǒng)中性接地點(diǎn)相連的單獨(dú)接地裝置,作保護(hù)接地用。
注2:?jiǎn)蜗嘭?fù)載或三相負(fù)載在不同的接地保護(hù)系統(tǒng)中的接線方式圖中,左側(cè)設(shè)備為未裝有RCD,中間和右側(cè)為裝用RCD的接線圖。
注3:在TN-C-S系統(tǒng)中使用RCD的電氣設(shè)備,其外露可接近導(dǎo)體的保護(hù)線應(yīng)接在單獨(dú)接地裝置上而形成局部TT系統(tǒng),如TN-C-S系統(tǒng)接線方式圖中的右側(cè)設(shè)備帶*的接線方式。
注4:表中TN-S及TN-C-S接地型式,單相和三相負(fù)荷的接線圖中的中間和右側(cè)接線圖為根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況,可任選其一接地方式。
7 RCD的運(yùn)行和管理
RCD投入運(yùn)行后,運(yùn)維管理者應(yīng)對(duì)剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器建立相應(yīng)的管理制度,并建立動(dòng)作記錄。
RCD投入運(yùn)行后,應(yīng)定期操作試驗(yàn)按鈕,檢查其動(dòng)作特性是否正常。雷擊活動(dòng)期和用電高峰期應(yīng)增加試驗(yàn)次數(shù)。
用于手持式電動(dòng)工具和移動(dòng)式電氣設(shè)備和不連續(xù)使用的RCD,應(yīng)在每次使用前進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。
為檢驗(yàn)剩余電流裝置在運(yùn)行中的動(dòng)作特性及其變化,運(yùn)行管理者應(yīng)配置專用測(cè)試儀器,并應(yīng)定期進(jìn)行動(dòng)作特性試驗(yàn)。
動(dòng)作特性試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目:
a)測(cè)試剩余動(dòng)作電流值;
b)測(cè)試分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間;
c)測(cè)試極限不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間。
電子式RCD,根據(jù)電子元器件有效工作壽命,工作年限一般為6年。超過(guò)規(guī)定年限應(yīng)進(jìn)行全面檢測(cè),根據(jù)檢測(cè)結(jié)果,決定可否繼續(xù)運(yùn)行。
因各種原因停運(yùn)的RCD再次使用前,應(yīng)進(jìn)行動(dòng)作特性試驗(yàn),檢查裝置的動(dòng)作情況是否正常。
RCD進(jìn)行動(dòng)作特性試驗(yàn)時(shí),應(yīng)使用經(jīng)國(guó)家有關(guān)部門檢測(cè)合格的專用測(cè)試設(shè)備,由專業(yè)人員進(jìn)行。
嚴(yán)禁利用相線直接對(duì)地短路或利用動(dòng)物作為試驗(yàn)物的方法。
RCD動(dòng)作后,經(jīng)檢查未發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)作原因時(shí),允許試送電一次。如果再次動(dòng)作,應(yīng)查明原因找出故障,不得連續(xù)強(qiáng)行送電。必要時(shí)對(duì)其進(jìn)行動(dòng)作特性試驗(yàn),經(jīng)檢查確認(rèn)RCD本身發(fā)生故障時(shí),應(yīng)在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)予以更換。嚴(yán)禁退出運(yùn)行、私自撤除或強(qiáng)行送電。
RCD運(yùn)行管理者應(yīng)定期檢查分析RCD的使用情況,對(duì)已發(fā)現(xiàn)的有故障的RCD應(yīng)立即更換。
RCD運(yùn)行中遇有異常現(xiàn)象,應(yīng)由專業(yè)人員進(jìn)行檢查處理,以免擴(kuò)大事故范圍。
在RCD的保護(hù)范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生電擊傷亡事故,應(yīng)檢查RCD的動(dòng)作情況,分析未能起到保護(hù)作用的原因,在未調(diào)查前,不得拆動(dòng)RCD。
對(duì)剩余電流斷路器、剩余電流繼電器和接觸器、斷路器組成的組合式電器,除定期進(jìn)行剩余電流動(dòng)作試驗(yàn)外,對(duì)斷路器,接觸器部分應(yīng)按有關(guān)規(guī)程進(jìn)行檢查維護(hù)。
RCD損壞后,應(yīng)由專業(yè)人員進(jìn)行維修。
有條件時(shí),對(duì)RCD運(yùn)行狀況可以進(jìn)行集中監(jiān)控和管理。