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GB 14048 consists of the following parts, under the general title Low-voltage Switchgear and Controlgear:
— Part 1: General Rules;
— Part 2: Circuit-breakers;
— Part 3: Switches Disconnectors Switch-disconnectors and Fuse-combination Units;
— Part 4-1: Contactors and Motor-starters — Electromechanical Contactors and motor-starters (Including Motor Protector);
— Part 4-2: Contactors and Motor-starters — AC Semiconductor Motor Controllers and Starters (Including Soft-starter);
— Part 4-3: Contactors and Motor-starters — AC Semiconductor Controllers and Contactors for Non-motor Loads;
— Part 5-1: Control Circuit Devices and Switching Element — Electromechanical Control Circuit Devices;
— Part 5-2: Control Circuit Devices and Switching Element — Proximtiy Switches;
— Part 5-3: Control Circuit Devices and Switching Elements — Requirements for Proximity Devices with Defined Behaviour under Fault Conditions (PDF);
— Part 5-4: Control Circuit Devices and Switching Elements — Method of Assessing the Performance of Low-energy Contacts - Special Tests;
— Part 5-5: Control Circuit Devices and Switching Elements — Electrical Emergency Stop Device with Mechanical Latching Function;
— Part 5-6: Control Circuit Devices and Switching Elements — DC Interface for Proximity Sensors and Switching Amplifiers (NAMUR);
— Part 5-7: Control Circuit Devices and Switching Elements — Requirements for Proximity Devices with Analogue Output;
— Part 5-8: Control Circuit Devices and Switching Elements — Three-position Enabling Switches;
— Part 5-9: Control Circuit Devices and Switching Elements — Flow Rate Switches;
— Part 6-1: Multiple Function Equipment — Transfer Switching Equipment;
— Part 6-2: Multiple Function Equipment - Control and Protective Switching Devices (or Equipment) (CPS);
— Part 7-1: Ancillary Equipment - Terminal Blocks for Copper Conductors;
— Part 7-2: Ancillary Equipment - Protective Conductor Terminal Blocks for Copper Conductors;
— Part 7-3: Ancillary Equipment — Safety Requirements for Fuse Terminal Blocks;
— Part 8: Control Units for Built-in Thermal Protection (PTC) for Rotating Electrical Machines.
This part is Part 5-2 of GB 14048, and numbered GB/T 14048.10.
This part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in the GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB 14048.10-2008 Low-voltage Switchgear and Controlgear — Part 5-2: Control Circuit Devices and Switching Element — Proximtiy Switches.
In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical deviations have been made with respect to the GB/T 14048.10-2008 (the previous edition):
— Table 3 is modified, and 8 poles M12 connector and 12 poles M12 connector are added;
— Voltage dips immunity test and voltage interruptions immunity test specified in Table 7 are modified;
— Figure D.8 M5 Thread 4-pin/3-pin Integral Connector for d.c. Proximity Switches is added;
— Annex A is revised as informative.
This part is identical with International Standard IEC60947-5-2:2012 Low-voltage Switchgear and Controlgear — Part 5-2: Control Circuit Devices and Switching Elements — Proximity Switches.
The Chinese documents having corresponding consistency relationship with the normative international documents referenced in this part are given below:
— GB/T 2423.5-1995 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products — Part 2: Test Methods — Test Ea and Guidance: Shock (IEC 60068-2-27:1987, IDT)
— GB/T 2423.10-2008 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products — Part 2: Tests Methods — Test Fc: Vibration (Sinusoidal) (IEC 60068-2-6:1995, IDT)
— GB 14048.1-2012 Low-voltage Switchgear and Controlgear — Part 1: General Rules (IEC 60947-1:2011, MOD)
— GB 16895 (all parts) Electrical Installations of Buildings [IEC 60364 (all parts), IDT]
— GB 17625.2-2007 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) — Limits — Limitation of Voltage Changes, Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker in Public Low-voltage Supply Systems, for Equipment with Rated Current ≤16A per Phase and not Subject to Conditional Connection (IEC 61000-3-3:2005 IDT)
— GB/T17626.2-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test (IEC 61000-42:2001, IDT)
— GB/T 17626.3-2006 Electromagetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Radiated Radio-frequency Electromagnetic Field Immunity Test (IEC 61000-4-3:2002, IDT)
— GB/T 17626.6-2008 Electromagetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Immunity to Conducted Disturbances, Induced by Radio-frequency Fields (IEC 61000-4-6:2006, IDT)
— GB/T17626.8-2006 Electromagetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity Test (IEC 61000-482001, IDT)
— GB/T 17626.13-2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Harmonics and Interharmonics Including Mains Signalling at A.C. Power Port, Low Frequency Immunity Test (IEC 61000-4-13:2002, IDT)
— GB/T 18501.2 (all parts) Connectors for Use in d.c., Low-frequency Analogue and Digital High Speed Data Applications — Part 2: Circular Connectors with Assessed Quality - Sectional Specification [IEC 61076-2 (all parts), IDT]
For the purposes of this part, the following editorial changes have also been made according to the specific conditions of China:
— IEC Foreword of the International Standard is deleted;
— The catalogue of definitions disposed in alphabetical order (see IEC 60947-5-2:2012, Clause 2) is deleted from this part;
— In order to maintain the consistency of the table number, Tables 7, 8 and 6 in IEC 60947-5-2:2012 are adjusted to Table 6, 7 and 8 in this part.
This part was proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industrial Association.
This part was prepared by SAC/TC 189 (National Technical Committee on Low-voltage Apparatus of Standardization Administration of China).
The previous editions of this part are as follows:
— GB/T 14048.10-2008, GB/T 14048.10-1999.
Low-voltage Switchgear and Controlgear — Part 5-2: Control Circuit Devices and Switching Elements — Proximity Switches
1 General Requirements
The provisions of the general rules in IEC 60947-1 are applicable to this part, where specifically called for. General rules clauses and subclauses thus applicable, as well as tables, figures and annexes, are identified by references to IEC 60947-1, e.g. subclause 7.1.9.3 of IEC 60947-1:2007 + A1:2010 or Annex C of IEC 60947-1:2007 + A1:2010.
Clauses 1 to 8 contain the general requirements. Specific requirements for the various types of proximity switches are given in Annex A.
Integral connectors for plug-in proximity switches are given in Annex D. Various symbols for proximity switches are given in Annex F.
1.1 Scope and Object
This part applies to inductive and capacitive proximity switches that sense the presence of metallic and/or non-metallic objects, ultrasonic proximity switches that sense the presence of sound reflecting objects, photoelectric proximity switches that sense the presence of objects and non-mechanical magnetic proximity switches that sense the presence of objects with a magnetic field.
These proximity switches are self-contained, have semiconductor switching elements(s) and are intended to be connected to circuits, the rated voltage of which does not exceed 250 V 50 Hz/60 Hz a.c. or 300 V d.c. This Standard is not intended to cover proximity switches with analogue outputs.
The object of this part is to state for proximity switches:
— definitions;
— classification;
— characteristics;
— product information;
— normal service, mounting and transport conditions;
— constructional and performance requirements;
— tests to verify rated characteristics.
1.2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2423.4-2008 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products — Part 2: Test method — Test Db: Damp Heat, Cyclic (12h + 12h Cycle) (IEC 60068-2-30:2005, IDT)
GB/T 2423.22-2012 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products — Part 2: Test Methods Test N: Change of Temperature (IEC 60068-2-14:2009, IDT)
GB 4824-2013 Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) Radio-frequency Equipment — Electromagnetic Disturbance Characteristics — Limits and Methods of Measurement (CISPR 11: 2010, IDT)
GB/T 17045-2006 Protection Against Electric Shock — Common Aspects for Installation and Equipment (IEC 61140:2001, IDT)
GB 17625.1-2012 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Limits — Limits for Harmonic Current Emissions (Equipment Input Current ≤ 16A Per Phase) (IEC 61000-3-2:2009, IDT)
GB/T 17626.4-2008 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrical Fast Transient/Burst Immunity Test (IEC 61000-1-4:2004, IDT)
GB/T 17626.11-2008 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Testing and Measurement Techniques — Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variations Immunity Tests (IEC 6100-4-11:2004, IDT)
IEC 60050(441):1984 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary(IEV) — Chapter 441: Switchgear, Controlgear and Fuses
IEC 60050(441):1984/A1:2000 Amendment 1, 2000
IEC 60068-2-6:2007 Environmental Testing — Part 2-6: Tests Test Fc: Vibration (Sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-27:200 Environmental testing — Part 2-27: Tests — Test Ea and Guidance: Shock
IEC 60364 (all parts) Low-voltage Electrical Installations
IEC 60947-1:2007 Low-voltage Switchgear and Controlgear — Part 1: General Rules
IEC 60947-1:2007/A1:2010 Amendment 1, 2010
IEC 61000-3-3:2008 Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC) — Part3-3: Limits — Limitation of Voltage Changes, Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker in Public Low-voltage Supply Systems, for Equipment with Rated Current ≤16 A Per Phase and not Subject to Conditional Connection
IEC 61000-4-2:2008 Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC) — Part 4-2: Testing and Measurement Techniques — Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test
IEC 61000-4-3:2006 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) — Part4-3: Testing and Measurement Techniques — Radiated, Radio-frequency, Electromagnetic Field Immunity Test
IEC 61000-4-3:2006/A1:2007 Amendment 1, 2007
IEC 61000-4-3:2006/A2:2010 Amendment 2, 2010
IEC 61000-4-6:2008 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-6: Testing and Measurement Techniques — Immunity to Conducted Disturbances, Induced by Radio-frequency Fields
IEC 61000-4-8:2009 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-8: Testing and Measurement Techniques — Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity Test
IEC 61000-4-13:2002 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) — Part4-13: Testing and Measurement Techniques — Harmonics and Interharmonics Including Mains Signalling at a. c Power Port, Low Frequency Immunity Tests
IEC 610004-13:2002/A1:2009 Amendment 1, 2009
IEC 61076-2 (all part) Connectors for Electronicequipment — Product Requirements — Part 2: Circular Connectors
ISO 630 (all part) Structural Steels
2 Terms and Definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60947-1:2007 + A1:2010 and the following apply.
2.1 Basic Definitions
2.1.1
proximity switch
a position switch which is operated without mechanical contact with the moving part [IEV 441-14-51]
2.1.1.1
inductive proximity switch
a proximity switch producing an electromagnetic field within a sensing zone and having a semiconductor switching element
2.1.1.2
capacitive proximity switch
a proximity switch producing an electric field within a sensing zone and having a semiconductor switching element
2.1.1.3
ultrasonic proximity switch (see Figure 2)
a proximity switch transmitting and receiving ultrasound waves within a sensing zone and having a semiconductor switching element
2.1.1.4
photoelectric proximity switch (see Figure 1)
a proximity switch which senses objects that either reflect or interrupt visible or invisible light and having a semiconductor switching element
2.1.1.4.1
type D
diffuse reflective photoelectric proximity switch which is directly operated through lateral or axial approach to its reference axis by a defined object
2.1.1.4.2
type R
retroreflective photoelectric proximity switch which is indirectly operated through lateral approach to its reference axis between emitter-receiver and reflector by a defined object
2.1.1.4.3
type T
through beam photoelectric proximity switch which is indirectly operated through lateral approach of its reference axis between emitter and receiver by a defined object
2.1.1.5
non-mechanical magnetic proximity switch
proximity switch which senses the presence of a magnetic field and has a semiconductor switching element and no moving parts in the sensing element
2.1.1.6
direct operated proximity switch
proximity switch which detects its target without the use of an external means, e.g. a reflector
2.1.1.7
indirect operated proximity switch
proximity switch which detects its target with the use of an external means, e.g. a reflector
2.1.1.8
neutral density filters
filters which uniformly attenuate the intensity of light over a broad spectral range
Note: Attenuation is accomplished by using either a light-absorbing glass or a thin-film metal coating that combines absorption and reflection.
2.2 Parts of a Proximity Switch
2.2.1
semiconductor switching element
an element designed to switch the current of an electric circuit by controlling conductivity of a semiconductor
2.2.2
Reference axis
2.2.2.1
reference axis for inductive, capacitive, non-mechanical magnetic and ultrasonic proximity switches
an axis perpendicular to the sensing face and passing through its centre
2.2.2.2
reference axis for types R and D photoelectric proximity switches
an axis located midway between the optical axis of the emitter and this of receiver elements or lenses (see Figure 1)
2.2.2.3
reference axis for type T photoelectric proximity switches
an axis perpendicular to the centre of the emitter
2.2.3
standard target
a specified object used for making comparative measurements of the operating distances and sensing distances
2.2.4
free zone
a volume around the proximity switch which is kept free from any material capable of affecting the characteristics of the proximity switch
2.2.5
damping material
a material which has an influence on the characteristics of a proximity switch
2.2.6
non-damping material
a material which has negligible influence on the characteristics of a proximity switch
2.2.7
sound-reflecting material
a material which reflects the ultrasound waves and gives detectable echoes
2.2.8
sound-absorbing material
a material with negligible reflecting characteristics for ultrasound waves which gives no detectable echo
2.2.9
embeddable proximity switch
a proximity switch is "embeddable" when any damping material can be placed around the sensing face plane without influencing its characteristics
2.2.10
non-embeddable proximity switch
a proximity switch is "non-embeddable" when a specified free zone around its sensing face is necessary in order to maintain its characteristics
2.2.11
Sensing face
2.2.11.1
sensing face of an inductive proximity switch
a surface of the proximity switch through which the electromagnetic field emerges
2.2.11.2
sensing face of a capacitive proximity switch
a surface of the proximity switch through which the electric field emerges
2.2.11.3
sensing face of an ultrasonic proximity switch
a surface of the proximity switch where ultrasound is transmitted and received
2.2.11.4
sensing face of a non-mechanical magnetic proximity switch
a surface of the proximity switch through which the change in a magnetic field is detected
2.2.12
emitter
the light source, lens and necessary circuitry which provide the light beam
2.2.13
receiver
the detector, lens and necessary circuitry to monitor the presence of the light beam from the emitter
2.2.14
reflector
a specified device used to reflect light back to the receiver for type R photoelectric proximity switches
2.2.15
Adjuster
2.2.15.1
adjuster of a capacitive proximity switch
a part of capacitive proximity switch used to set the operating distance. Its use compensates for influence due to target material, transmission medium and installation (mounting) conditions
2.2.15.2
adjuster of an ultrasonic or a photoelectric proximity switch
a part of an ultrasonic or a photoelectric proximity switch used to set the operating distance within the sensing range
2.3 Operation of a Proximity Switch
2.3.1
operating distances
S
a distance at which the target approaching the sensing face along the reference axis causes the output signal to change
2.3.1.1
rated operating distance
Sn
the rated operating distance is a conventional quantity used to designate the operating distances. It does not take into account either manufacturing tolerances or variations due to external conditions such as voltage and temperature
2.3.1.2
sensing range
Sd
the range within which the operating distance may be adjusted
2.3.1.2.1
minimum operating distance
the lower limit of the specified sensing range of an ultrasonic or photoelectric proximity switch
2.3.1.2.2
maximum operating distance
the upper limit of the specified sensing range of an ultrasonic or photoelectric proximity switch
2.3.1.3
blind zone
the zone between the sensing face and the minimum operating distance, where no object can be detected
2.3.1.4
total beam angle
the solid angle around the reference axis of an ultrasonic proximity switch, where the sound level drops by 3 dB
2.3.1.5
effective operating distance
Sr
the operating distance of an individual proximity switch, measured at stated temperature, voltage and mounting conditions
2.3.1.6
usable operating distance
Su
the operating distance of an individual proximity switch, measured under specified conditions
2.3.1.7
assured operating distance
Sa
the distance from the sensing face within which the correct operation of the proximity switch under specified conditions is assured
2.3.1.8
operating range
ro
range within which a lateral approach of the target causes the output signal of a through beam or retroreflective proximity switch to change
2.3.2
lateral approach
the approach of the target perpendicular to the reference axis
2.3.3
axial approach
the approach of the target with its centre maintained on the reference axis
Foreword III
1 General Requirements
1.1 Scope and Object
1.2 Normative References
2 Terms and Definitions
2.1 Basic Definitions
2.2 Parts of a Proximity Switch
2.3 Operation of a Proximity Switch
2.4 Switching Element Characteristics
3 Classification
3.1 Classification According to Sensing Means
3.2 Classification According to the Mechanical Installation
3.3 Classification According to the Construction Form and Size
3.4 Classification According to Switching Element Function
3.5 Classification According to Type of Output
3.6 Classification According to Method of Connection
4 Characteristics
4.1 Summary of Characteristics
4.2 Operating Conditions
4.3 Rated and Limiting Values for the Proximity Switch and Switching Elements
4.4 Utilization Categories for the Switching Element
5 Product Information
5.1 Nature of Information — Identification
5.2 Marking
5.3 Instructions for Installation, Operation and Maintenance
6 Normal Service, Mounting and Transport Conditions
6.1 Normal Service Conditions
6.2 Conditions During Transport and Storage
6.3 Mounting
7 Constructional and Performance Requirements
7.1 Constructional Requirements
7.2 Performance Requirements
7.3 Physical Dimensions
7.4 Shock and Vibration
8 Tests
8.1 Kinds of Tests
8.2 Compliance with Constructional Requirements
8.3 Performances
8.4 Testing of Operating Distances
8.5 Testing for the Frequency of Operating Cycles
8.6 Verification of the Electromagnetic Compatibility
8.7 Test Results and Test Report
Annex A (Informative) Typical Dimensions and Operating Distances of Proximity Switches
Annex B (Normative) Class II Proximity Switches Insulated by Encapsulation — Requirements and Tests
Annex C (Normative) Additional Requirements for Proximity Switches with Integrally Connected Cables
Annex D (Normative) Integral Connectors for Plug-in Proximity Switches
Annex E (Normative) Additional Requirements for Proximity Switches Suitable for Use in Strong Magnetic Fields
Annex F (Informative) Symbols for Proximity Switches
Figure 1 Sensing Range and Operating Range of Photoelectric Proximity Switches
Figure 2 Ultrasonic Proximity Switch Operating Distances
Figure 3 Relationship between Operating Distances of Inductive and Capacitive Proximity Switches
Figure 4 Relationship between Operating Distances of Ultrasonic Proximity Switches
Figure 5 Method of Measuring the Operating Distance (8.3.2.1 and 8.4.1)
Figure 6 Test Circuit for the Verification of Time Delay Before Availability
Figure 7 Signal Output Across Load in Figure
Figure 8 Test Circuit for the Verification of Minimum Operational Current OFF-state current, Voltage Drop and Independent Snap Action
Figure 9 Test Circuit for the Verification of Making and Breaking Capability
Figure 10 Short-circuit Testing
Figure 11 Testing of the Sensing Range
Figure 12 Methods for Measuring the Operating Frequency of Inductive, capacitive and Non-mechanical Magnetic Proximity Switches (if applicable)
Figure 13 Methods for measuring the operating frequency f, ultrasonic proximity switch
Figure 14 Output Signal of Direct Current Proximity Switch During the Measurement of Operating Frequency f
Figure 15 Measurement Means for Turn-on Time ton and Turn-off Time toff
Figure 16 Turn-on Time ton Measurement
Figure 17 Turn-off Time toff Measurement
Table 1 Classification of Proximity Switches
Table 2 Utilization Categories for Switching Elements
Table 3 Connection and Wiring Identification
Table 4 Verification of Making and Breaking Capacities of Switching Elements Under Normal Conditions Corresponding to the Utilization Categories
Table 5 Verification of Making and Breaking Capacities of Switching Elements Under Abnormal Conditions Corresponding to the Utilization Categories
Table 6 Acceptance Criteria
Table 7 Immunity Tests
Table 8 Test Voltages
低壓開關設備和控制設備 第5-2部分：
控制電路電器和開關元件 接近開關
1基本要求
本部分采用IEC 60947-1《低壓開關設備和控制設備總則 第1部分：總則》的有關條款，當采用時，本部分將特別聲明。本部分在采用總則的條款以及表格、圖、附錄時，將標出所采用的具體條款號，例如：IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010的7.1.9.3，IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010附錄C。
第1章至第8章為接近開關的一般要求。各種類型接近開關的特殊要求參見附錄A。
插入式接近開關的整體接插件圖例見附錄D。各種接近開關的符號參見附錄F。
1.1 適用范圍和目的
本部分適用于能檢測金屬的和(或)非金屬的物體存在與否的電感式和電容式接近開關、能檢測反射聲音物體存在與否的超聲波式接近開關、能檢測物體存在與否的光電式接近開關和能檢測磁性物體存在與否的非機械磁性式接近開關。
上述接近開關應是全封閉式，并且具有半導體開關元件，可用于連接額定電壓交流不超過250V(50Hz或60Hz)，或直流不超過300V的電路。本部分不適用于具有模擬量輸出的接近開關。
本部分旨在說明接近開關的下列內容：
——定義；
——分類；
——特性；
——產(chǎn)品信息；
——正常使用、安裝和運輸條件；
——結構和性能要求；
——額定特性的驗證試驗。
1.2 規(guī)范性引用文件
下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 2423.4—2008 電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗 第2部分：試驗方法 試驗Db 交變濕熱(12 h＋12h循環(huán))(IEC 60068-2-30；2005，IDT)
GB/T 2423.22-2012 電工電子產(chǎn)品基本環(huán)境試驗規(guī)程 第2部分：試驗方法 試驗N：溫度變化(IEC 60068-2-14：2009.IDT)
GB 4824-2013 工業(yè)、科學和醫(yī)療(ISM)射設備 電磁騷擾特性 限值和測量方法(CISPR 11： 2010. IDT)
GB/T 17045-2006 電擊防護 裝置和設備的通用部分(IEC 61140：2001，IDT)
GB 17625.1-2012 電磁兼容 限值 諧波電流發(fā)射限值(設備每相輸入電流≤16A(IEC 61000-3-2：2009，IDT)
GB/T 17626.4-2008 電磁兼容 試驗和測量技術 電快速瞬變脈沖群抗擾度試驗(IEC 61000-1-4：2004.IDT）
GB/T 17626.11—2008 電磁兼容 試驗和測量技術 電壓暫降、短時中斷和電壓變化的抗擾度試驗(IEC 6100-4-11：2004，DT)
IE 60050(441)：1984 國際電工術語(IEV) 第441章：開關設備、控制設備和熔斷器[International Electrotechnical Vocabulary(IEV)-Chaper 441： Switchgear， controlgear and fuses]
IEC 60050(441)：1984/A1：2000 第1號修改單( Amendment 1，2000)
IEC 60068-2-6：2007 環(huán)境試驗 第2-6部分：試驗 試驗Fc：振動(正弦)[Environmental testing-Part 2-6： Tests Test Fc： Vibration(sinusoidal)]
IEC 60068-2-27：2008環(huán)境試驗 第2-27部分：試驗 試驗Ea：沖擊( Environmental testing—Part 2-27： Tests—Test Ea and guidance： Shock)
IEC 60364(所有部分) 建筑物電氣裝置(Low-voltage electrical installations)
IEC 60947-1：2007 低壓開關設備和控制設備 第1部分：總則(Low-voltage switchgear and con—trolgear—Part 1： General rules)
IEC 60947-1：2007/A1：2010 第1號修改單( Amendment 1，2010)
IEC 61000-3-3：2008 電磁兼容 限值 對每相額定電流≤16A且無條件接入的設備在公用低壓供電系統(tǒng)中產(chǎn)生的電壓變化、電壓波動和閃爍的限制[Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)-Part3-3：Limits—Limitation of voltage changes， voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems， for equipment with rated current ≤16 A per phase and not subject to conditional connection]
IEC 61000-4-2：2008 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-2部分：試驗和測量技術 靜電放電抗擾度試驗[Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)—Part 4-2： Testing and measurement techniques—Electrostatic discharge immunity test]
IEC 61000-4-3：2006 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-3部分：試驗和測量技術 射頻場感應的傳導騷擾抗擾度試驗[ Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part4-3： Testing and measurement techniques—Radiated， radio-frequency， electromagnetic field immunity test]
IEC 61000-4-3：2006/A1：2007 第1號修改單(Amendment 1，2007)
IEC 61000-4-3：2006/A2：2010 第2號修改單(Amendment 2，2010)
IEC 61000-4-6：2008 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-6部分：試驗和測量技術 射頻場感應的傳導騷抗擾度[Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-6： Testing and measurement techniques—Immunity to conducted disturbances， induced by radio-frequency fields]
IEC 61000-4-8：2009 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-8部分：試驗和測量技術 工頻磁場抗擾度試驗[Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-8： Testing and measurement techniques—Power frequency magnetic field immunity tes]
IEC 61000-4-13：2002 電磁兼容 第4-13部分：試驗和測量技術 交流電源端口 諧波和諧間波及電網(wǎng)信號抗擾度試驗[ Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)—Part4-13： Testing and measurement techniques-Harmonics and interharmonics including mains signalling at a. c power port， low frequency immunity tests]
IEC 610004-13：2002/A1：2009 第1號修改單( Amendment 1，2009)
IEC 61076-2(所有部分) 電子設備連接器 產(chǎn)品要求 第2部分：圓形連接器( Connectors for electronicequipment—Product requirements—Part 2： Circular connectors）
ISO 630(所有部分) 結構鋼( Structural steels)
2 術語和定義
IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。
2.1基本定義
2.1.1
接近開關 proximity switch
與運動部件無機械接觸而能動作的位置開關[IEV 441-14-51]。
2.1.1.1
電感(應)式接近開關 inductive proximity switch
能在檢測區(qū)產(chǎn)生電磁場且具有半導體開關元件的接近開關。
2.1.1.2
電容式接近開關 capacitive proximity switch
能在檢測區(qū)產(chǎn)生電場且具有半導體開關元件的接近開關。
2.1.1.3
超聲波式接近開關 ultrasonic proximity switch(見圖2)
能在檢測區(qū)發(fā)射和接受超聲波且具有半導體開關元件的接近開關。
2.1.1.4
光電式接近開關 photoelectric proximity switch(見圖1)
能檢測可反射或阻斷可見光或不可見光的物體，并且具有半導體開關元件的接近開關。
D型 type D
由一規(guī)定的物體通過橫向或軸向接近其基準軸進行直接動作的漫射光電式接近開關。
R型 type R
由一規(guī)定的物體在發(fā)光器-受電器組件與反光器之間通過橫向接近其基準軸進行間接動作的回射光電式接近開關。
2.1.1.4.3
T型 type T
由一規(guī)定的物體在發(fā)光器與受光器之間通過橫向接近其基準軸進行間接動作的對射光電式接近開關。
2.1.1.5
非機械磁性式接近開關non- mechanical magnetic proximity switch
能檢測磁場存在與否，并具有半導體開關元件且檢測元件中無運動部件的接近開關。
2.1.1.6
直接動作接近開關 direct operated proximity switch
不使用外部設備，如反光器，而能檢測標靶的接近開關。
2.1.1.7
間接動作接近開關 indirect operated proximity switch
使用外部設備，如反光器，才能檢測標靶的接近開關。
2.1.1.8
中密度濾光器 neutral density filters
能在一寬光譜范圍內均勻地衰減光照度的過濾器。
注：衰減功能是采用吸光玻璃或采用具有吸收和反射相結合的薄片金屬來達到的。
2.2接近開關部件
2.2.1
半導體開關元件 semiconductor switching element
利用半導體的可控導電性通斷電路電流的元件。
2.2.2
基準軸 reference axis
2.2.2.1
電感式、電容式、非機械磁性式和超聲波式接近開關的基準軸 reference axis for inductive， capaci-tive， non-mechanical magnetic and ultrasonic proximity switches
垂直于電感式、電容式，非機械磁性式、超聲波式接近開關的感應面并通過其中心的軸。2.2.2，2
R型或D型光電式接近開關的基準軸 reference axis for type R and D photoelectric proximity switches
位于光電式接近開關發(fā)光器和受光器元件或鏡頭光軸之間中間位置的軸(見圖1)。
2.2.2.3
T型光電式接近開關的基準軸 reference axis for type T photoelectric proximity switches
通過發(fā)光器中心且與其感應面垂直的軸。
2.2.3
標靶 standard target
用于動作距離和檢測距離可比性測量的規(guī)定的物體。
2.2.4
自由區(qū) free zone
接近開關周圍的空間，在該空間內不應設置任何對接近開關特性產(chǎn)生影響的材料。
2.2.5
阻尼材料damping material
對接近開關特性有影響的材料。
2.2.6
非阻尼材料 non-damping material
對接近開關特性影響極小的材料。
2.2.7
反射聲音材料 sound-reflecting material
能反射超聲波并且能產(chǎn)生可檢測回聲的材料。
2.2.8
吸聲材料 sound- absorbing material
對超聲波的反射特性極弱并不能產(chǎn)生回聲的材料。
2.2.9
埋入式接近開關 embeddable proximity switch
當任何阻尼材料設置在感應面平面的四周時其特性可以不受阻尼材料影響的開關
稱埋入式接近開關。
2.2.10
非埋入式接近開關 non-embeddable proximity switch
如接近開關的感應面周圍需要有一個自由區(qū)以保持其特性，這種接近開關稱非埋入式接近開關。
2.1.11
感應面 sensing face
電感式接近開關的感應面 sensing face of an inductive proximity switch
能產(chǎn)生電磁場的接近開關的表面。
2.2.11.2
電容式接近開關的感應面 sensing face of a capacitive proximity switch
能產(chǎn)生電場的接近開關的表面。
2.2.11.3
超聲波式接近開關的感應面 sensing face of an ultrasonic proximity switch
能發(fā)射和接受超聲波的接近開關的表面。
2.2.11.4
非機械磁性式接近開關的感應面 sensing face of a non- mechanical magnetic proximity switch
能檢測磁場變化的接近開關的表面。
2.2.12
發(fā)光器 emitter
提供光束所需的光源、透鏡及所需電路的組合件。
2.2.13
受光器 receiver
能檢測從發(fā)光器發(fā)射的光束存在與否的檢測器、透鏡和所需電路的組合件。
2.2.14
反光器 reflector
在R型光電式接近開關中，將光反射到受光器上所用的特定器件。
2.2.15
調整器adjuster
2.2.15.1
電容式接近開關的調整器 adjuster of a capacitive proximity switch
電容式接近開關中用于確定動作距離的部件。該部件用于補償由于標靶材料、傳輸介質和安裝條件對電容式接近開關的影響。
2.2.15.2
超聲波式或光電式接近開關的調整器 adjuster of an ultrasonic or a photoelectric proximity switch
在超聲波式或光電式接近開關中用于檢測范圍內動作距離整定的部件。
2.3接近開關的動作
2.3.1
動作距離 operation distance
S
動作距離是指標靶沿基準軸向感應面移近時能引起輸出信號變化的距離。
2.3.1.1
額定動作距離 rated operating distance
Sn
額定距離是用于確定動作距離的約定量。它不考慮制造公差及如電壓和溫度等外界條件引起的變化量。
2.3.1.2
檢測范圍 sensing range
Sd
動作距離可調整的范圍。
2.3.1.2.1
最小動作距離 minimum operating distance
超聲波式或光電式接近開關規(guī)定檢測范圍的下限值。
2.3.1.2.2
最大動作距離 maximum operating distance
超聲波式或光電式接近開關規(guī)定檢測范圍的上限值。
2.3.1.3
肓區(qū) blind zone
感應面與最小動作距離間的區(qū)域，在該區(qū)內檢測不到物體。
2.3.1.4
全發(fā)射角 total beam angle
當超聲波式接近開關的聲量降低到3dB時在其基準軸周圍的立體角。
2.3.1.5
有效動作距離 effective operating distance
Sr
有效動作距離是指在規(guī)定的基準環(huán)境溫度、額定電壓和安裝條件下所測得單只接近開關的動作。
2.3.1.6
可用動作距離 usable operating distance
Su
可用動作距離是指在規(guī)定條件下(見7.2.1.3.2)測得的單只接近開關的動作距離。
2.3.1.7
確保的動作距離 assured operating distance
Sa
在規(guī)定條件確保時接近開關正確動作后其動作點距其感應面的一段距離。
2.3.1.8
動作范圍 operating range
ro
標靶橫向接近會引起對射光電式或回射光電式接近開關輸出信號發(fā)生變化的范圍。
2.3.2
橫向接近 lateral approach
標靶垂直于接近開關基準軸的接近。
2.3.3
軸向接近 axial approach
標靶的軸心保持在接近開關基準軸上的接近。
2.3.4
重復精度 repeat accuracy
R
有效動作距離在規(guī)定條件下(見7，2.1.4)的變化值。
2.3.5
回差 differential travel
H
標靶移近接近開關時的動作點和標靶移開接近開關時復位點之間的距離。
發(fā)光器
基準軸
ro
受光器
a) T 型 發(fā)光器和受光器-對射光電式
發(fā)光器和受光器
基準軸
ro
發(fā)光器
反光器盲區(qū)
b) R型 發(fā)光器-受光器和反光器-回射光電式
發(fā)光器和受光器
基準軸
標靶
Sd
標靶盲區(qū)
c)D型 發(fā)光器-受光器和標靶-漫射光電式
圖1 光電式接近開關的檢測范圍和動作范圍(見7.2.1.3和8.4)
2.4 開關元件的特性
2.41
開關元件的功能
2.4.1.1
接通功能 make function
在標靶被檢測到時有負載電流，在標靶未被檢測到時無負載電流的功。
2.4.1.2
分斷功能 break function
在標靶被檢測到時無負載電流，在標靶未被檢測到時有負載電流的功能。
2.4.1.3
接通分斷或轉換功能 make-break， of changeover function
具有接通功能和分斷功能的開關元件組合體。
2.4.1.4
接近開關的響應時間 response time for a proximity switch
當標靶進入或離開檢測區(qū)后開關元件響應所需的時間。
2.4.1.5
光電式接近開關的接通時間 turn on time for a photoelectric proximity switch
當標靶進入檢測區(qū)范圍后且增益比(見2.4.6)為2時開關元件響應所需時間。
2.4.1.6
光電式接近開關的截止時間 turn off time for a photoelectric proximity switch
當標靶離開增益比(見2.4.6)為0.5的檢測范圍后，開關元件響應所需的時間。
2.4.2
非從動(快速)動作 independent(snap) action
其動作實質上與標靶的移動速度無關的開關元件功能。
2.4.3
操作頻率 frequency of operating cycles
F
接近開關在規(guī)定的時間內所完成的操作循環(huán)次數(shù)。
2.4.4
起動前的延時 time delay before availability
tv
接近開關從接通電源電壓時至準備好正確動作時止的時間間隔。
2.4.5
電流(I)
2.4.5.1
截止狀態(tài)電流 off-state current
Ir
通過處于截止狀態(tài)的接近開關的負載電路的電流。
2.4.5.2
最小動作電流 minimum operational current
維持開關元件導通狀態(tài)所需的電流。
2.4.5.3
空載電源電流 no-load supply current
當三端或四端子接近開關不連接負載時其電源中得到的電流。
2.4.6
光電式接近開關的增益比 excess gain for a photoelectric proximity switch
光電式接近開關所接受到光亮度與光電式接近開關動作所需的光亮度之比。
2.4.7
光電式接近開關的環(huán)境光 ambient light for a photoelectric proximity switch
對本部分而言，環(huán)境光是指受光器接受到的除發(fā)射器發(fā)出的光以外的光。
盲區(qū)
檢測范圍
全發(fā)射角
基準軸
最小動作距離確保的動作距離（Sn）
有效動作距離（Sr）
最大動作距離
圖2 超聲波式接近開關的動作距離
3 分類
接近開關應按表1所示各種基本特性分類。其推薦尺寸參見附錄A。
表1接近開關的分類
第一個位置
1位數(shù) 第二個位置
1位數(shù) 第三個位置
1位數(shù) 第四個位置
1位數(shù) 第五個位置
1位數(shù) 第六個位置
1位數(shù)
感應方式
3.1 機械安裝方式
3.2 結構型式和尺寸
3.3 開關元件功能（輸出）
3.4 輸出型式
3.5 連接方式
3.6
I=電感式
C=電容式
U=超聲波式
D=射光電式
M=非機被磁性式
R=回射光電式
T=對射光電式 1=埋入式
2=非理入式
3=埋入式和非埋入式 型式(1個大寫字母)
A=圓柱螺紋型
B=圓柱光面型
C=方形截面長方體
D=矩形截面長方體
尺寸(2個數(shù)字)
表示直徑或邊長 A=接通NO
B=分斷NC
C=通斷轉換(接通-分斷)
P=由用戶編用
S=其他
P=PNP輸出
3或4接線端、直流
N=NPN輸出
3或4接線端，直流
D=2接線端、直流
F=2接線端，交流
U=2接線端、直流或交流
S=其他
1=整體固定接頭式
2=接插式
3=解旋式
9=其他
超聲波式接近開關舉例：
U
超聲波式 3
埋入式或非埋入式 A30
圓柱螺紋型φ=30mm A
NO 接通功能 D
2接線端直流 2
接插式
3.1按檢測方式分類
檢測方式用一個大寫字母表示，處于第一個位置。
3.2按機械安裝方式分類
機械安裝方式用一個數(shù)字表示，處于第二個位置。
3.3按結構型式和尺寸分類
結構型式和尺寸用一個大寫字母和兩個數(shù)字，處于第三個位置上。
大寫字母表示結構型式，例如圓柱型或長方體型。
兩個數(shù)字表示尺寸，例如圓柱型的直徑或長方體型的一邊長度。
3.4按開關元件的功能分類
開關元件的功能用一個大寫字母表示，處于第四個位置上。
3.5按輸出型式分類
輸出型式用一個大寫字母表示，處于第五個位置上。
3.6按連接方式分類
連接方式用一個數(shù)字表示，處于第六個位置上。
4 特性
4.1特性概述
接近開關的特性應用下列項目表示：
——動作條件(4.2)；
——額定值和極限值(4，3)；
額定電壓(4，3.1)；
電流(4.3.2)；
額定電源頻率(4.3.3)；
操作頻率(4.3.4)；
正常負載特性和非正常負載特性(4.3.5)；
短路特性(4.3.6)；
——開關元件的使用類別(4.4)。
4.1.1電感式或電容式接近開關的動作
由電磁場中或電場中特定物體的存在與否確定接近開關的輸出信號，該特定物體能吸收或改變由檢測面發(fā)射的能。
4.1.2超聲波式接近開關的動作
由檢測區(qū)中特定物體的存在與否確定接近開關的輸出信號，該特定物體能反射由感應面發(fā)射出的超聲波能。
4.1.3光電式接近開關的動作
由特定物體的存在與否確定接近開關的輸出信號，該特定物體能反射或截斷由發(fā)射器發(fā)射的可見光和不可見光。
注：許多光電式接近開關的制造商已習慣地使用術語“入光動作”和“遮光動作”，在此情況下，所謂“入光動作”是指受光器受光引起輸出元件處于接通(ON)狀態(tài)，則該開關稱為“入光動作”。所謂“遮光動作”是指受光器受光引起輸出元件處于截止(OFF)狀態(tài)，則該開關稱為“遮光動作”。
4.1.4 磁性接近開關的動作
由特定物體的存在與否確定接近開關的輸出信號，該特定物體在檢測區(qū)磁場內會產(chǎn)生變化。
4.2動作條件
4.2.1電感式或電容式接近開關的動作距離(S)
動作距離之間的關系見圖3。
4.2.1.1額定動作距離(Sn)
額定動作距離由有關的附錄規(guī)定。
4.2.2超聲波式接近開關的動作距離(S)
動作距離之間的關系見圖4。
4.2.2.1檢測范圍(Sd)
檢測范圍數(shù)值在有關附錄中規(guī)定。
4.2.3光電式接近開關的動作距離(S)
4.2.3.1檢測范圍(Sd)
對D型光電式接近開關，動作距離以檢測范圍的形式給出(Sd)
4.2.3.2動作范圍(ro)
對T型和R型光電式接近開關，動作范圍(ro)即為動作距離。
4.3接近開關和開關元件的額定值和極限值
基準軸
標靶
確保的動作距離Sa
感應面
接近開關
圖3 電感式和電容式接近開關的動作距離之間的關系
（見4.2.1、7.2.1.3和8.4.1）
基準軸
標靶
最大動作距離Smax Smax+H
有效動作距離Sr
確保的動作距離Sa
最小動作距離Smin Smin+H
盲區(qū)
感應面
超聲波式接近開關
圖4 超聲波式接近開關的動作距離之間的關系
（見4.2.2、7.2.1.3和8.4.1）
4.3.1 電壓
接近開關和其開關元件應規(guī)定下列額定電壓：
4.3.1.1額定工作電壓(Ue)
額定工作電壓(Ue)(或范圍)交流不超過250V，直流不超過300V。
注：制造商應規(guī)定包括Ue允差在內的極限值之間的數(shù)值，即應規(guī)定UB.。
Ue和UB之間的關系如下：
額定工作電壓(Ue)
4.3.1.2額定絕緣電壓(Ui)
接近開關的額定絕緣電壓是進行介電試驗的電壓值，該值與爬電距離有關。
對接近開關而言，最高額定工作電壓被認為是額定絕緣電壓。
4.3.1.3額定沖擊耐受電壓(Uimp)
IEC 60947-1：2007+A1：2010的4.3.1.3適用。
4.3.1.4電壓降(Ud)
電壓降是指當在規(guī)定的條件下工作電流流過接近開關時在其實際輸出端之間測量的電壓值。該值在7.2.1.15規(guī)定。
4.3.2電流
接近開關及其開關元件應規(guī)定下列電流：
4.3.2.1額定工作電流(Ie)
見7.2.1.11。
4.3.2.2最小工作電流(Im)
見7.2.1.12。
4.3.2.3截止狀態(tài)電流(Ir)
見7.2.1.13。
4.3.2.4空載電源電流(Io)
三接線端或四接線端接近開關的空載電源電流由制造商規(guī)定。
4.3.3額定電源頻率
交流電路的額定電源頻率應為50Hz和(或)60Hz。
4.3.4 操作頻率（f）
操作頻率參見本部分的附錄A的規(guī)定或由制造商規(guī)定。
4.3.5正常負載或非正常負載特性
4.3.5.1開關元件正常負載條件下的接通能力和分斷能力及性能
開關元件應滿足表4的要求。
注：對已規(guī)定了使用類別的開關元件，不必分別規(guī)定接通和分斷能力。
4.3.5.2開關元件非正常條件下的接通能力和分斷能力
開關元件應滿足表5的要求。
注：對已規(guī)定了使用類別的開關元件，可不必分別規(guī)定接通能力和分斷能力。
4.3.6短路特性
4.3.6.1額定限制短路電流
接近開關的額定限制短路電流預期值為100A，接近開關應能耐受住8.3.4規(guī)定的試驗。
4.4開關元件的使用類別
表2給岀的使用類別是標準使用類別。其他形式的用途可由制造商與用戶的協(xié)議確定，制造商在產(chǎn)品樣本和目錄中給出的參數(shù)也可構成上述的協(xié)議。
