標準編號:	GB/T 16508.8-2013
中文名稱:	鍋殼鍋爐 第8部分：運行
英文名稱:	Shell Boilers - Part 8: Operation
中標分類:	J98    鍋爐及其輔助設備
行業分類:	GB    國家標準
ICS分類:	27.060.30 27.060.30    鍋爐和熱交換器 27.060.30
發布機構:	國家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局 國家標準化管理委員會
發布日期:	2013-12-31
實施日期:	2014-7-1
標準狀態:	superseded
被新標準替代:	GB/T 16508.8-2022 鍋殼鍋爐 第8部分:運行
被替代日期:	2023-2-1
作廢日期:	2023-02-01
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	15000 字
翻譯價格(元):	290.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

1 Scope This part of GB/T 16508 specifies the basic requirements of shell boiler operation management as well as preoperational requirements such as preparation, initiating, operation and adjustment, boiler shutdown, fault handling and the like. This part is applicable to the shell boilers defined within the scope of GB/T 16508.1. 2 Normative References The following documents for the application of this document are essential. Any dated reference, just dated edition applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 1576 Water Quality for Industrial Boilers GB/T 2900.48 Electrotechnical Terminology of Boilers GB/T 12145 Quality Criterion of Water and Steam for Generating Unit and Steam Power Epuipment GB 13271 Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Boiler TSG G0001 Boiler Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation TSG G0002 Supervision Administration Regulation on Energy Conservation Technology for Boiler TSG ZF001 Safety Valve - Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation 3 Terminologies and Definitions For the purpose of this document, the terminologies and definitions defined in GB/T 2900.48 and the following ones apply. 3.1 Boiler maintenance Maintenance measures which are taken to prevent the metal from corrosion thickness decrease during extended shutdown period of boiler. 3.2 Boiler dry maintenance Maintenance measures which are taken to prevent the metal from corrosion thickness decrease by adopting the methods of freeing the inside of the boiler from moisture during extended shutdown period. 3.3 Boiler wet maintenance Maintenance measures which are taken to prevent the metal from corrosion thickness decrease by adopting the methods of avoiding the oxygen contained in the water inside the boiler from reacting with the metal surface during short shutdown period. 4 Basic Requirements of Operation Management 4.1 Boiler using organizations shall select the boiler equipment that are in accordance with the requirements of national safety technical regulations and relevant standards, and they shall not select the boilers or auxiliary machines which are officially eliminated by the nation. 4.2 Before the boiler is put into operation, it shall be registered at the local boiler safety supervision and administration department according to the requirements of Boiler Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation (TSG G0001). 4.3 The using organizations shall establish the technical files on safety and energy-saving of boilers as well as the application management system and operation specifications for boilers according to those specified in Boiler Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation (TSG G0001) and Supervision Administration Regulation on Energy Conservation Technology for Boiler (TSG G0002). 4.4 According to the requirements of Measures for the Supervision and Management of Personnel Operating Special Equipment, the boiler operation personnel shall take the post with certificate, operate in accordance with the regulations, get done with operation inspection and recording as well as report timely and handle correctly in case potential hazards are found. 4.5 Before the boiler is officially put into operation, the safety valve shall be adjusted and verified according to the requirements of Safety Valve - Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation (TSG ZF001). 4.6 During the operation of boiler, it shall be ensured that the steam pressure, water level and temperature are normal, the automatic control and interlock protection device are intact and shall not be operated in non-protected state. 4.7 The boiler water (medium) quality shall be in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 1576 or GB/T 12145. 4.8 During the operation of boiler, the emission limits of air pollutants shall be in accordance with the requirements of GB 13271 and the environmental protection requirements of the district of use. 5 Preparation before Operation 5.1 External inspection of boiler 5.1.1 The boiler body, auxiliary equipment as well as the supports and the hangers shall be intact. 5.1.2 The governing valve and damper of air flue and flue shall be intact, with flexible switching and correct indication for opening/closing. 5.1.3 The external boiler setting and thermal insulation shall be intact. 5.1.4 Devices such as boiler door, ash door, observation door opening, explosion door as well as hand hole, man hole, inspection door opening and the like shall be intact and tightly closed. 5.2 Inspection of boiler safety accessories 5.2.1 The safety accessories shall be complete, intact and in the place required for initiating. 5.2.2 The pressure gage shall be complete and intact, with its pointers indicating correctly. The trap shall be normal and free from deformation; the three-way cock of the pressure gage shall be opened and closed easily. 5.2.3 The water level indicator and its accessories shall be complete and intact to ensure clear and visible water level-indication. The junction valve and blowdown valve of water level indicator shall be opened and closed easily. 5.2.4 The temperature measuring instrument and its connecting pieces shall be complete and intact, with its pointer indicating correctly. 5.2.5 The lead sealing of safety valve and discharge valve shall be intact; the discharge tube shall be intact and unimpeded to ensure safe discharge and if necessary, it shall be provided with anti-freezing measures. 5.3 Inspection of energy efficiency monitoring device and energy metering instrument Fuel consumption metering device, medium thermometer, flowmeter and the like shall be complete and intact, with the pointers indicating correctly. 5.4 Inspection of heating surface 5.4.1 The using organization shall comply with the requirements of the boiler operation instructions and formulate operation specifications of regular inspection for boiler heating surface. The heating surface shall be inspected after periodical inspection and overhaul of the boiler. 5.4.2 The sealing of the outer packing, thermal insulation and every junction of the heating surface shall be intact; the inspection door and opening shall be well sealed in closed state. And if necessary, the superheater, economizer and air preheater shall be inspected to make sure whether there are foreign matters inside of them so as to ensure the flue unimpeded. 5.5 Inspection of steam-water pipeline and valve The steam pipeline, water supply pipeline, intake pipeline, outlet pipeline, drainage pipeline and blow off pipeline shall be unimpeded; the support and thermal insulation of each pipeline shall be in good condition. The valves on the pipeline shall be intact with flexible switching; the opening/closing and opening degree of the valves shall be in the correct position. 5.6 Inspection of combustion equipment 5.6.1 The combustion equipment shall be free from deformation and damage which will impact its normal operation; the mechanical transmission shall be subjected to and pass test run and it shall be well lubricated. 5.6.2 The grate shall be free from deformation or damage which will impact its normal operation and the clearance between grate plates shall be suitable; the coal feeder shall operate normally. 5.6.3 As for oil-fired or gas-fired boiler, the combustor, fuel supply pipeline, filter screen, oil pump, oil heater and the like shall be inspected. Each cock, valve, connector, etc. shall be free from blocking or leakage. The oil pressure gage, oil temperature gauge and gas-pressure meter shall be intact, with their pointers indicating correctly. 5.7 Inspection of water supply system and water treatment equipment 5.7.1 The water pump shall be in normal operating condition as well as be subjected to and pass the test run; the water supply pipeline, valves, water tank and their auxiliaries shall be in normal operating condition. 5.7.2 As for ion exchange equipment, deoxidation equipment and dosing equipment, they shall be intact, free from leakage, corrosion or blocking, and in operating condition. 5.8 Inspection of ventilation equipment Force draft fan and induced draft fan shall be inspected to make sure whether there are internal foreign matters. The fans shall be in normal condition as well as subjected to and pass the test run; the oil level of lubricant shall be normal. The smoke and wind damper shall rotate flexibly, with their opening/closing and opening degree meeting relevant requirements. 5.9 Inspection of slag removal equipment as well as dust removal and desulfurization equipment 5.9.1 The slag removal equipment shall be complete and intact; the lubrication and cooling systems shall be normal and free from abnormal phenomenon during test run. 5.9.2 The external of dust removal and desulfurization equipment shall be clean and free from such phenomenon as air leakage, water leakage, blocking or the like. 5.10 Inspection of fuel supply and conveying equipment The fuel storage shall be sufficient; the conveying system shall be free from abnormal phenomenon during test run. 5.11 Inspection of soot blower The soot blower shall be intact and free from leakage, and it shall act flexibly. The ancillary facilities shall be in normal operation.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terminologies and Definitions 4 Basic Requirements of Operation Management 5 Preparation before Operation 6 Initiating 7 Operation and Adjustment 8 Boiler Shutdown 9 Maintenance and Service 10 Fault Handling

鍋殼鍋爐 第8部分：運行 1 范圍 GB/T 16508的本部分規定了鍋殼鍋爐運行管理的基本要求、運行前的準備、啟動、運行與調節、停爐、故障處理等要求。 本部分適用于GB/T 16508.1范圍界定的鍋殼鍋爐。 2規范性引用文件 下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB/T 1576 工業鍋爐水質 GB/T 2900.48電工名詞術語鍋爐 GB/T 12145火力發電機組及蒸汽動力設備水汽質量 GB 13271鍋爐大氣污染物排放標準 TSG G0001鍋爐安全技術監察規程 TSG G0002鍋爐節能技術監督管理規程 TSG ZF001安全閥安全技術監察規程 3術語和定義 GB/T 2900.48界定的以及以下術語和定義適用于本文件。 3.1 停爐保養 boiler maintenance 在鍋爐較長時間停爐期間，為了防止金屬腐蝕減薄的保養措施。 3.2 干法保養boiler dry maintenance 在鍋爐較長時間停爐期間，采用使鍋爐內部無水分的方法防止金屬腐蝕減薄的保養措施。 3.3 濕法保養boiler wet maintenance 在鍋爐短時間停爐期間，采用使鍋爐內部水中的氧與金屬表面不起作用的方法防止金屬腐蝕減薄的保養措施。 4運行管理的基本要求 4.1 鍋爐使用單位應選用符合國家安全技術規范和有關標準要求的鍋爐設備，不應選用國家明令淘汰的鍋爐和輔機產品。 4.2鍋爐在投入使用前應按照TSG G0001《鍋爐安全技術監察規程》的規定向當地鍋爐安全監督管理部門辦理使用登記。 4.3使用單位應按照TSG G0001《鍋爐安全技術監察規程》和TSG G0002《鍋爐節能技術監督管理規程》的規定，建立鍋爐安全與節能的技術檔案、鍋爐使用管理制度和操作規程。 4.4鍋爐作業人員應按照《特種設備作業人員監督管理辦法》的規定持證上崗，按章作業，做好運行檢查和記錄，發現隱患應及時報告和正確處理。 4.5鍋爐正式投運前，應按TSG ZF001《安全閥安全技術監察規程》的要求對安全閥進行整定與校驗。 4.6鍋爐在運行中，應保證汽壓、水位、溫度正常，自動控制及聯鎖保護裝置完好，不應在非保護狀態下運行。 4.7鍋爐水(介)質應符合GB/T 1576或GB/T 12145的規定。 4.8鍋爐運行時的大氣污染物排放限值應符合GB 13271的規定以及鍋爐使用地區的環保要求。 5運行前的準備 5.1鍋爐的外部檢查 5.1.1鍋爐本體、輔機設備，以及支承、吊架應完好。 5.1.2風道及煙道的調節門、擋板應完好、開關靈活、啟閉指示正確。 5.1.3鍋爐外部爐墻及保溫應完好。 5.1.4爐門、灰門、看火門孔、防爆門，以及手孔、人孔、檢查門孔等裝置應完好，且關閉嚴密。 5.2鍋爐安全附件的檢查 5.2.1安全附件齊全、完好，處于啟動要求的位置。 5.2.2壓力表應齊全完好，指針指示正確。存水彎管應正常不變形，壓力表三通旋塞啟閉靈活。 5.2.3水位表及其附件應齊全完好，保證水位指示清晰可見。水位表的連接閥、排污閥應啟閉靈活。 5.2.4溫度測量儀表及連接件應齊全完好，指針指示正確。 5.2.5安全閥、泄放閥的鉛封應完好，泄放管完好暢通，確保泄放安全，必要對應有防凍措施。 5.3能效監控裝置、能源計量儀表的檢查 燃料消耗量計量裝置、介質溫度計及流量計等應齊全完好，指針指示正確。 5.4受熱面的檢查 5.4.1 使用單位應按照鍋爐使用說明書的要求，制定鍋爐受熱面定期檢查操作規程。在鍋爐的定期檢驗和大修后應對受熱面進行檢查。 5.4.2受熱面的外包裝、保溫及各連接處密封應完好，檢查門、孔在關閉狀態時密封良好。必要時，應檢查過熱器、省煤器及空氣預熱器內部有無異物，保證煙道暢通。 5.5汽水管道和閥門的檢查 鍋爐的蒸汽管道、給水管道、進水管道、出水管道、疏水管道和排污管道應暢通，各管道的支架、保溫應良好。管道上的閥門應完好且開關靈活，閥門的啟閉和開度應保持正確位置。 5.6燃燒設備的檢查 5.6.1燃燒設備應無影響正常運行的變形和損傷，機械傳動裝置應進行試運轉正常，且潤滑良好。 5.6.2爐排無影響正常運行的變形和損傷，爐排片的間隙合適，給煤機應運轉正常。 5.6.3燃油或燃氣鍋爐應檢查燃燒器、燃料供應管路、濾網、油泵、油加熱器等。各旋塞、閥門、接頭等不應堵塞或泄漏。油壓表、油溫表、氣壓表應完好，指針指示正確。 5.7給水系統及水處理設備的檢查 5.7.1水泵應處于正常狀態并經試運轉正常，給水管路、閥門、水箱及附件應處于正常狀態。 5.7.2離子交換設備、除氧設備及加藥設備應完好，無泄漏、腐蝕、堵塞，具備運行條件。 5.8通風設備的檢查 檢查送、引風機內有無異物。風機處于正常狀態并經試運轉正常，潤滑油油位正常。煙、風擋板轉動靈活，啟閉和開度符合要求。 5.9除渣及除塵脫硫設備的檢查 5.9.1除渣設備裝置齊全完好，潤滑、冷卻系統正常，試運轉無異常現象。 5.9.2除塵脫硫設備外部應清潔，無漏風、漏水及堵塞等現象。 5.10燃料供應和輸送設備的檢查 燃料儲存應充足，輸送系統試運轉無異常現象。 5.11吹灰裝置的檢查 吹灰裝置應完好，且無泄漏，動作靈活。配套設施應運轉正常。 6啟動 6.1 鍋爐進水 6.1.1蒸汽鍋爐進水 應在鍋爐進水閥處于開啟狀態時進水，進水速度應按鍋爐使用說明書的要求。在進水過程中，應檢查空氣閥是否排氣，鍋筒、聯箱的孔蓋及各部的閥門、法蘭、堵頭等處是否有漏水現象。當進水至最低安全水位時，停止進水進行檢查，如有異常情況，應進行處理；當鍋爐點火對水位有特殊要求時，應進水至點火水位。 6.1.2熱水鍋爐進水 熱水鍋爐充水前應關閉所有的排水及疏水閥，同時開啟管網末端的連接供水與回水管的旁通閥。進水至鍋爐頂部、管網中、集氣罐上的空氣閥冒出水為止。 6.2點火 6.2.1 鍋爐的點火方法和程序應按鍋爐使用說明書的要求或使用單位制定的操作規程進行。 6.2.2鏈條爐排鍋爐的點火，應先打開煙道擋板，保持煙氣通道暢通。點火不應使用易爆燃的燃料。熱水鍋爐在點火前應啟動循環水泵。 6.2.3燃油燃氣鍋爐點火，應按規定的點火程序進行。在點火前應用風機對爐膛進行吹掃，吹掃風量應足以使爐膛和煙道中的殘存氣體被吹盡。如果一次點火不成功，應檢查火焰探測器是否正常、熄火保護是否起作用、熄火后是否切斷燃料的供給。再次點火應有足夠的時間間隔且滿足風量足夠的要求。 6.3蒸汽鍋爐的升壓與并汽 6.3.1 升壓 6.3.1.1 為確保鍋爐不致產生過大的熱應力，鍋爐從冷態備用狀態點火到升至工作壓力應保證有一定的時間，按鍋爐使用說明書或使用單位制定的操作規程進行。 6.3.1.2升壓過程中應控制水位，水位過高時采用鍋爐下部放水方法，水位過低則進行補水。 6.3.1.3對于非沸騰式省煤器，有旁路煙道者應使省煤器出口水溫低于相同壓力下的飽和溫度30℃以下，無旁路煙道者可用再循環管路保持省煤器出口水溫。 6.3.2并汽 6.3.2.1并汽前應使鍋爐出口蒸汽壓力略低于蒸汽母管汽壓，以免并汽時汽壓突降引起鍋水急劇蒸發。 6.3.2.2并汽時應先開啟并汽閥的旁路閥，后開啟并汽閥。開閥時要緩慢，并汽閥開啟后再關閉并汽閥的旁路閥。 6.4熱水鍋爐升溫 在升溫期間，應密切監視出水溫度及壓力的變化。當出水溫度接近正常供水溫度時，應檢查各連接處有無滲漏現象。 6.5水泵的檢查 鍋爐啟動前，應對水泵進行試運轉，并應檢查軸承盒內潤滑油是否充足，軸承冷卻水系統是否正常。 6.6風機的開啟 風機的開啟方法和程序應按鍋爐的使用說明書或使用單位制定的操作規程進行，同時配備鼓風機和引風機的鍋爐，一般情況下，應先開啟引風機，后開啟鼓風機。 6.7除塵脫硫設備的啟動 除塵脫硫設備應隨鍋爐同時啟動，開啟方法和程序應按鍋爐的使用說明書或使用單位制定的操作規程進行。