1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation and storage of industrial oil and gas burners.
This standard is applicable to the design, manufacturing and acceptance of mechanically ventilated industrial oil and gas burners [hereinafter referred to as "burner(s)"] with output power of not less than 60 kW. This standard does not apply to the design, manufacturing and acceptance of naturally ventilated burners.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments (excluding corrections) to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply to this standard. However parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition applies.
GB/T 1236-2000 Industrial fans — Performance testing using standardized airways (idt ISO 5801: 1997)
GB/T 2423.1-2001 Environmental testing for electric and electronic and electronic products — Part 2: Test methods — Tests A: Cold (idt IEC 60068-2-1: 1990)
GB/T 2423.2-2001 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products — Part 2: Test methods — Tests B: Dry heat (idt IEC 60068-2-2: 1974)
GB/T 2423.3-1993 Basic environmental testing procedures for electric and electronic products — Test Ca: Damp heat, steady state (eqv IEC 68-2-3:1984)
GB/T 4942.2-1993 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for low-voltage apparatus (eqv IEC 947-1: 1988)
GB/T 13384-1992 General specification for packagings of mechanical and electrical products
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
pressure atomizing burner
burner that atomizes and burns oil by the action of oil pressure
3.2
rotary cup burner
burner that atomizes and burns oil through the high-speed rotation of the rotary cup and the purging of primary air
3.3
low-pressure air atomizing burner
burner that atomizes and burns oil using air under pressure of not more than 0.02 MPa and consumption of (60 ~ 100)% of the total combustion air
3.4
high pressure medium atomizing burner
burner that atomizes and burns oil using compressed air or steam under pressure of not less than 0.30 MPa, which may be classified into compressed air atomizing burner and steam atomizing burner by atomizing medium
3.5
dual fuel (gas and oil) burner
burner that can use oil or gas alone as fuel, some types of which may also burn mixed oil and gas
3.6
maximum flow of fuel
maximum consumption of fuel that a burner can perform normal combustion in unit time
3.7
minimum flow of fuel
minimum consumption of fuel that a burner can perform normal combustion in unit time
3.8
normal combustion
under the specified conditions, working state in which the performance and parameter changes of the burner in the combustion process are within the predetermined range, and the flame shall be free of strong pulsation, fire loss and black or yellow smoke
3.9
pre-purge
process of burner forcing air supply into the combustion chamber to purge combustible gas before ignition and combustion
3.10
post-purge
process of burner forcing air supply into the combustion chamber to purge combustible gas after extinction of ignition flame
3.11
safety time for establishing ignition flame
first safety time
maximum time interval in which the ignition fuel control valve is allowed to be open before the ignition flame is formed in the burner
3.12
safety time for establishing main flame
second safety time
maximum time interval in which the main flame fuel control valve is allowed to be open before the main flame is formed in the burner
3.13
safety time for extinction of flame
third safety time
maximum time interval in which the main flame fuel control valve is allowed to remain open after the extinction of main flame in the combustion process of burner
3.14
sequent regulation
within the load regulating range of the burner, regulation mode that the amount of fuel and combustion air entering the burner may be controlled smoothly in proportion
3.15
stage regulation
within the load regulating range of the burner, regulation mode that the amount of fuel and combustion air entering the burner may be controlled by stage in proportion
3.16
turndown ratio of load
under normal combustion conditions, ratio of the maximum flow of fuel to the minimum flow for a single burner
3.17
lock-out; lock up
safe cut-off in which the burner cannot be automatically restarted according to the program without manual re-setting after the interruption of operation program due to fault
3.18
re-setting
process of restoring all movable parts of an actuated electrical appliance to the original position, including manual and automatic re-settings
3.19
atomizing viscosity
maximum permissible viscosity of oil entering the atomizer provided that the burner meets the requirements of normal combustion
3.20
atomizing medium consumption
mass fraction of consumed atomizing medium and oil volume provided the burner meets the requirement of normal combustion at the maximum flow of fuel
3.21
circle exit of burner
exit where the oil mist or gas output from the burner is mixed with combustion air and starts to ignite and burn
3.22
coking
hard coking carbon formed by dehydrogenation and decomposition of oil adhered to circle exit of burner or inner wall of combustion chamber rafter high temperature baking
3.23
combustion chamber pressure
flue gas pressure in the combustion chamber of burner measured under normal combustion state
3.24
cold state
operation state of flameless burner
3.25
heat state
operation state of flamed burner
3.26
simulated signal
in the burner performance test, equivalent signal input to the automation system which imitates parameter signal of the actual operating condition
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Requirements
5 Test method
6 Test rules
7 Marking
8 Packaging, transportation, and storage
1 范圍
本標準規(guī)定了工業(yè)燃油和燃氣燃燒器的術語和定義，要求，試驗方法，檢驗規(guī)則，標志，包裝、運輸和貯存等。
本標準適用于輸出功率不小于60kW的機械通風的工業(yè)燃油、燃氣燃燒器(以下簡稱燃燒器)的設計、制造和驗收。本標準不適用于自然通風的燃燒器的設計、制造和驗收。
2 規(guī)范性引用文件
下列文件中的條款通過本標準的引用而成為本標準的條款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其隨后所有的修改單(不包括勘誤的內(nèi)容)或修訂版均不適用于本標準，然而，鼓勵根據(jù)本標準達成協(xié)議的各方研究是否可使用這些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本適用于本標準。
GB／T 1236—2000 工業(yè)通風機 用標準化風道進行性能試驗(idt ISO 5801：1997)
GB／T 2423.1—2001 電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗 第2部分：試驗方法試驗 A：低溫(idt IEC 60068-2-1：1990)
GB／T 2423.2—2001 電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗 第2部分：試驗方法 試驗B：高溫(idt IEC 60068-2-2：1974)
GB／T 2423.3—1993 電工電子產(chǎn)品基本環(huán)境試驗規(guī)程 試驗Ca：恒定濕熱試驗方法(eqv IEC 68-2-3：1984)
GB／T 4942.2—1993 低壓電器外殼防護等級(eqv IEC 947-1：1988)
GB／T 13384—1992 機電產(chǎn)品包裝通用技術條件
3 術語和定義
下列術語和定義適用于本標準。
3.1
壓力霧化式燃燒器 pressure atomizing burner
通過油壓作用使燃油霧化燃燒的燃燒器。
3.2
轉(zhuǎn)杯式燃燒器 rotary cup burner
通過轉(zhuǎn)杯高速旋轉(zhuǎn)作用和一次風沖刷作用而使燃油霧化燃燒的燃燒器。
3.3
低壓空氣霧化式燃燒器 low-pressure air atomizing burner
采用壓力不高于0.02MPa、耗量為全部助燃空氣量的(60～100)％的空氣使燃油霧化燃燒的燃燒器。
3.4
高壓介質(zhì)霧化式燃燒器 high pressure medium atomizing burner
采用壓力不低于0.30MPa的壓縮空氣或蒸汽使燃油霧化燃燒的燃燒器。按霧化介質(zhì)種類不同分為壓縮空氣霧化式燃燒器和蒸汽霧化式燃燒器兩類。
3.5
油、氣雙燃料燃燒器 dual fuel (gas and oil) burner
既可單獨以燃油為燃料，又可單獨以燃氣為燃料的燃燒器。有些燃燒器還可實現(xiàn)燃油、燃氣的混合燃燒。
3.6
燃料最大流量 maximum flow of fuel
燃燒器在單位時間內(nèi)能實現(xiàn)正常燃燒的最大燃料耗量。
3.7
燃料最小流量 minimum flow of fuel
燃燒器在單位時間內(nèi)能實現(xiàn)正常燃燒的最小燃料耗量。
3.8
正常燃燒 normal combustion
在規(guī)定的條件下，燃燒器在燃燒過程中的性能和參數(shù)變化均在預定范圍內(nèi)的工作狀態(tài)。在此狀態(tài)下，火焰應無強烈脈動、脫火和冒黑煙或冒黃煙現(xiàn)象。
3.9
前(預)掃氣pre-purge
燃燒器在點火燃燒前，向爐膛強制送風吹掃可燃氣體的過程。
3.10
后掃氣 post-purge
燃燒器燃燒火焰熄滅后，向爐膛強制送風吹掃可燃氣體的過程。
3.11
點火火焰建立安全時間 sefety time for establish ignition flame
第一安全時間 first safety time
燃燒器在點火火焰形成前，允許點火燃料控制閥處于開啟狀態(tài)的最長時間間隔。
3.12
主火火焰建立安全時間 sefety time for establish main flame
第二安全時間 second safety time
燃燒器在主火火焰形成前，允許主火燃料控制閥處于開啟狀態(tài)的最長時間間隔。
3.13
火焰熄滅安全時間 sefety time for extinction of flame
第三安全時間 third safety time
燃燒器在燃燒過程中主火火焰熄滅后，允許主火燃料控制閥仍處于開啟狀態(tài)的最長時間間隔。
3.14
連續(xù)調(diào)節(jié) sequent regulation
在燃燒器負荷調(diào)節(jié)范圍內(nèi)，進入燃燒器的燃料量和助燃空氣量可按比例平滑控制的調(diào)節(jié)方式。
3.15
位式調(diào)節(jié) stage regulation
在燃燒器負荷調(diào)節(jié)范圍內(nèi)，進入燃燒器的燃料量和助燃空氣量可按比例跳躍控制的調(diào)節(jié)方式。
3.16
負荷調(diào)節(jié)比 turndown ratio of load
在正常燃燒條件下，單臺燃燒器的燃料最大流量與最小流量之比。
3.17
鎖定 lock-out；lock up
燃燒器因故障中斷運行程序后，未經(jīng)人工復位不能再按程序重新自動啟動運行的一種安全切斷
3.18
復位 re-setting
已動作的電器的所有可動部分回復到原始位置狀態(tài)的過程。包括人工和自動復位。
3.19
霧化黏度 atomizing viscosity
保證達到燃油正常燃燒要求時，進入霧化器的燃油所允許的最大黏度。
3.20
霧化介質(zhì)耗量 atomizing medium consumption
燃燒器在燃油最大流量下達到正常燃燒要求時，所耗霧化介量與燃油量的質(zhì)量分數(shù)。
3.21
燃燒器旋口 circle exit of burner
燃燒器輸出的油霧或燃氣與助燃空氣混合及開始著火燃燒的出口部位。
3.22
結焦 coking
粘附在燃燒器旋口或爐膛內(nèi)壁的燃油，經(jīng)高溫烘烤脫氫分解后形成的堅硬焦化炭。
3.23
爐膛壓力 combustion chamber pressure
燃燒器在正常燃燒狀態(tài)下所測定的爐膛內(nèi)的煙氣壓力。
3.24
冷態(tài) cold state
燃燒器處于無火焰時的運行狀態(tài)。
3.25
熱態(tài) heat state
燃燒器處于有火焰時的運行狀態(tài)。
3.26
模擬信號 simulated signal
在燃燒器性能試驗中，模仿實際運行工況參數(shù)信號向自動化系統(tǒng)輸入的等效信號。
4 要求
4.1 結構和外觀
4.1.1 結構
4.1.1.1 燃油燃燒器一般應包含的主要部件有：燃油霧化器，電磁閥，燃油定量泵，燃油流量調(diào)節(jié)裝置，風機，調(diào)風器和配風器，空氣.燃油聯(lián)動調(diào)節(jié)裝置，點火裝置(無輔助點火燃料噴嘴的燃燒器僅含電火花引燃器)，火焰監(jiān)測器和控制箱等。
高壓介質(zhì)霧化燃燒器還應有霧化介質(zhì)控制閥和霧化介質(zhì)壓力檢測開關等。
燃用重柴油、重油的燃燒器，還應有燃油加熱器和油溫調(diào)節(jié)器等。
4.1.1.2 燃氣燃燒器一般應包含的主要部件有：燃氣噴嘴，燃氣閥系組件，燃氣流量調(diào)節(jié)閥，風機，調(diào)風器和配風器，空氣燃氣聯(lián)動調(diào)節(jié)裝置，點火裝置(無輔助點火燃料噴嘴的燃燒器僅含電火花引燃器)，燃氣壓力檢測開關，助燃空氣壓力檢測開關，火焰監(jiān)測器，主燃氣控制閥自動檢漏裝置和控制箱等。
4.1.2 外觀
燃燒器殼體表面應涂覆與工作條件相適應的防護裝飾面漆，漆層應完整、均勻、光潔，不應有劃傷、起泡或脫落。
4.2 介質(zhì)管路密性
4.2.1 從燃油定量泵出口到霧化器入口的燃油管路，在1.25倍設計壓力的液壓下持續(xù)15min，應無燃油泄漏。
4.2.2 從燃氣閥系入口到出口的燃氣管路，在空氣壓力達到1.25倍設計壓力后，在15min內(nèi)管路內(nèi)的壓降應符合如下要求：
a) 額定功率不大于2000kW的燃燒器不大于50Pa；
b) 額定功率大于2000kW的燃燒器不大于25Pa。
4.2.3 從霧化介質(zhì)控制閥入口到霧化器出口的高壓霧化介質(zhì)管路，在1.25倍設計壓力的液壓下持續(xù)15min，應無試驗介質(zhì)泄漏。
4.3 空氣動力性能
當燃燒器出口靜壓達到配套爐爐膛壓力的1.1倍時，燃燒器出口空氣量應能滿足燃燒器負荷調(diào)節(jié)范圍內(nèi)最大流量燃料正常燃燒的要求。
4.4 控制
4.4.1 運行控制
4.4.1.1 燃油燃燒器在自動和手動操作下應能正常運行。其運行順序一般應符合下列基本要求：風機啟動→前掃氣→電極產(chǎn)生電火花→建立點火火焰→建立主火火焰→正常燃燒(自動或手動調(diào)節(jié)燃燒負荷)→主火火焰熄滅→后掃氣→停機。
對于高壓介質(zhì)霧化式燃燒器，在進入前掃氣程序時，還應通入霧化介質(zhì)；主火火焰熄滅和后掃氣程序之間，應設置主油槍清掃程序。
對無輔助點火燃料噴嘴的燃燒器，不設置“建立點火火焰”程序；對于額定功率不大于860kW的燃燒器，可不設置“后掃氣”程序。
4.4.1.2 除供需雙方另有約定外，燃氣燃燒器只宜設置自動控制系統(tǒng)。其運行順序一般應符合下列要求：啟動條件驗證→風機啟動→前掃氣→電極產(chǎn)生電火花→建立點火火焰→建立主火火焰→正常燃燒(自動或手動調(diào)節(jié)燃燒負荷)→主火火焰熄滅(含主火火焰故障)→后掃氣→停機。
對于額定功率大于860kW的燃燒器，在“啟動條件驗證”程序中，應包括對主燃氣控制閥的自動檢漏程序；對無輔助點火燃料噴嘴的燃燒器，不設置“建立點火火焰”程序。
4.4.2 油溫控制
在燃燒器負荷調(diào)節(jié)范圍內(nèi)任一工況下，燃油實際加熱溫度與設定值的正、負偏差，宜分別控制在12℃和6℃之內(nèi)。
