標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編號(hào):	GB/T 3246.1-2024
中文名稱:	變形鋁及鋁合金制品組織檢驗(yàn)方法 第1部分：顯微組織檢驗(yàn)方法
英文名稱:	Inspection method for structure of wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy products—Part 1: Inspection method for microstructure
中標(biāo)分類:	H25    金屬化學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)方法
行業(yè)分類:	GB    國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
ICS分類:	77.040.99 77.040.99    金屬材料的其他試驗(yàn)方法 77.040.99
發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu):	國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局 國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)
發(fā)布日期:	2024-3-15
實(shí)施日期:	2024-10-1
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài):	valid
替代舊標(biāo)準(zhǔn):	GB/T 3246.1-2012 變形鋁及鋁合金制品組織檢驗(yàn)方法 第1部分：顯微組織檢驗(yàn)方法
翻譯語(yǔ)言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數(shù):	70000 字
翻譯價(jià)格(元):	4900.0
交付時(shí)間:	付款后 1 個(gè)工作日

GB/T 3246.1-2024 Inspection method for structure of wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy products - Part 1: Inspection method for microstructure 1 Scope This document describes a method for the microstructure of wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy products. This document is applicable to the microstructure inspection for wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy ingots for casting (or ingot blanks), plates and strips, foils, tubes, rods, molds, wires, forgings and other processed products by using optical (metallographic) microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, transmission electron microscopes and other instruments. 2 Normative references The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods GB/T 8005.1 Aluminium and aluminium alloy - Terms and definitions - Part 1: Product and method of processing and treatment GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and judgment of limiting values JJF 1914 Calibration Specification for Metallurgical Microscopes YS/T 1623 Inspection of aging precipitates for aluminium alloys — Transmission electron microscopy method YS/T 1624 Evaluation method of homogenized effect for aluminium alloy ingots 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 8005.1 and the following apply. 3.1 eutectic melting phenomenon in which the temperature of a metal reaches or exceeds the melting point or solid-phase line of a low-melting-point eutectic in an alloy, resulting in remelting of the eutectic or solid-solution grain boundaries of the metal Note: The difference between eutectic melting microstructure and normal microstructure is shown in Figure 1. a) Normal structure b) Eutectic melting structure Key: 1——Remelting eutectic sphere; 2——Local remelting and widening of grain boundaries; 3——Remelting triangle. Figure 1 Microstructure diagram of normal structure and eutectic melting structure of 7055T4 plate (etched with No. 6 etchant) 3.2 heat treat induced porosity air holes appearing on the surface of wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy materials blistering or near the surface along the grain boundaries after heat treatment due to high humidity in the air inside the furnace (due to the moisture contained in the furnace body itself, the oil stains on the surface of the product or the cooling medium brought into the furnace during the solution treatment process, etc.) when treating aluminium alloy materials at higher temperatures Note: Heat treat induced porosity are also called high temperature oxidation (HTO), and the typical microstructure characteristics are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Diagram of heat treat induced porosity produced by heat treatment of 2A12T4 bar (etching with No. 6 etchant) 3.3 cladding layer layer of aluminium or aluminium alloy coated on the surface of a wrought aluminium alloy plate in order to improve corrosion resistance or certain technological performance Note: If the cladding layer is pure aluminium, it is also called aluminium cladding. The cladding layer is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. Figure 3 Diagram of microstructure of 2A12T4 sheet and plate covered with aluminium layer (etched with No. 6 etchant) Figure 4 Diagram of microstructure of 2Q515 composite sheet and plate cladding layer (crazing layer) (etching with etchant No. 6) 3.4 copper diffusion phenomenon that aluminium-copper-magnesium alloy aluminium-clad sheet and plate is heated at high temperature for a long time, so that copper atoms in the alloy diffuse to the aluminium clad layer along the grain boundary Note: the typical microstructure of copper diffusion is shown in Figure 5.

Foreword i Introduction iii 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Optical (metallographic) microscopy 5 Scanning electron microscopy 6 Transmission electron microscopy 7 Expression of results 8 Test report Annex A (Informative) Typical microstructures of wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy products Annex B (Normative) Determination of grain size Annex C (Normative) Determination of size of secondary phases and particulate matters Bibliography

變形鋁及鋁合金制品組織檢驗(yàn)方法 第1部分：顯微組織檢驗(yàn)方法 1 范圍 本文件描述了變形鋁及鋁合金制品顯微組織的檢驗(yàn)方法。 本文件適用于采用光學(xué)(金相)顯微鏡、掃描電子顯微鏡、透射電子顯微鏡等儀器，對(duì)變形鋁及鋁合金鑄錠(或錠坯)、板帶、箔、管、棒、型、線、鍛件及其他加工制品進(jìn)行顯微組織檢驗(yàn)。 2 規(guī)范性引用文件 下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過(guò)文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅該日期對(duì)應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本文件。 GB/T 6682 分析實(shí)驗(yàn)室用水規(guī)格和試驗(yàn)方法 GB/T 8005.1 鋁及鋁合金術(shù)語(yǔ) 第1部分：產(chǎn)品及加工處理工藝 GB/T 8170 數(shù)值修約規(guī)則與極限數(shù)值的表示和判定 JJF 1914 金相顯微鏡校準(zhǔn)規(guī)范 YS/T 1623 鋁合金時(shí)效析出相的檢驗(yàn) 透射電鏡法 YS/T 1624 鋁合金鑄錠均勻化效果評(píng)價(jià)方法 3 術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義 GB/T 8005.1界定的以及下列術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。 3.1 過(guò)燒 eutectic melting 金屬溫度達(dá)到或高于合金中低熔點(diǎn)共晶的熔點(diǎn)或固相線，使共晶或固溶體晶界產(chǎn)生復(fù)熔的現(xiàn)象。 注：過(guò)燒顯微組織與正常組織的差異見(jiàn)圖1。 a) 正常組織 b) 過(guò)燒組織 標(biāo)引序號(hào)說(shuō)明： 1——復(fù)熔共晶球； 2——晶界局部復(fù)熔加寬； 3——復(fù)熔三角形。 圖1 7055T4板材正常組織和過(guò)燒組織顯微組織圖示（6號(hào)浸蝕劑浸蝕） 3.2 熱處理氣孔 heat treat induced porosity 在較高溫度處理鋁合金材料時(shí)，由于爐內(nèi)空氣濕度大（源于爐體本身內(nèi)含的水分、制品表面存在的油污或固溶處理工藝中被帶入爐內(nèi)的冷卻介質(zhì)等），導(dǎo)致熱處理后變形鋁及鋁合金材料表面起泡或近表層沿晶界出現(xiàn)的氣孔。 注：熱處理氣孔也稱為高溫氧化（HTO），典型的組織特征見(jiàn)圖2。 圖2 2A12T4棒材熱處理所產(chǎn)生的熱處理氣孔圖示（6號(hào)浸蝕劑浸蝕） 3.3 包覆層 cladding layer 為提高抗腐蝕性能或某種工藝性能的需要，在變形鋁合金板材的表面包覆的一層鋁或鋁合金。 注：包覆層為純鋁的也稱為包鋁層。包覆層見(jiàn)圖3和圖4。 4 光學(xué)（金相）顯微鏡法 4.1 方法概述 利用光學(xué)（金相）顯微鏡對(duì)構(gòu)成材料的相和組織組成物、晶粒（亦包括可能存在的亞晶）、夾雜物等的數(shù)量、形態(tài)、大小、分布取向、空間排布狀態(tài)進(jìn)行分析、評(píng)價(jià)與表征。適用于晶粒尺寸、過(guò)燒、高溫氧化、包覆層厚度、枝晶間距、第二相體積分?jǐn)?shù)第二相分布、銅擴(kuò)散、偏析層厚度、疏松、顯微夾渣等的檢驗(yàn)。 4.2 試劑或材料 警示——分析中使用的無(wú)機(jī)酸對(duì)人體有腐蝕作用,試驗(yàn)人員需配戴個(gè)人防護(hù)裝備,以降低直接接觸所帶來(lái)的危險(xiǎn)。 除非另有說(shuō)明，僅使用確認(rèn)為化學(xué)純的試劑。 4.2.1 水，GB/T 6682，三級(jí)。 4.2.2 無(wú)水乙醇。 4.2.3 硝酸（1+4）。 4.2.4 硝酸（1+1）。 4.2.5 電解拋光液：高氯酸（ρ=1.77 g/mL）-乙醇溶液（1+9）。 4.2.6 氧化鎂。 4.2.7 浸蝕劑：試劑配比及適用的試驗(yàn)見(jiàn)表1。