標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編號(hào):	GB/T 38343-2019
中文名稱:	法蘭接頭安裝技術(shù)規(guī)定
英文名稱:	Technical specification for flange joints installation
中標(biāo)分類:	J74    壓力容器
行業(yè)分類:	GB    國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
ICS分類:	23.040 23.040    管道部件和管道 23.040
發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu):	中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局 中國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)
發(fā)布日期:	2019-12-10
實(shí)施日期:	2020-7-1
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài):	valid
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數(shù):	37000 字
翻譯價(jià)格(元):	2480.0
交付時(shí)間:	付款后 1 個(gè)工作日

Foreword This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Boilers and Pressure Vessels of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 262). Technical specification for flange joints installation 1 Scope This standard specifies the method for determining the bolt mounting load of circular bolted flange joints with gaskets, as well as the additional requirements for the selection of flange joints (flanges, gaskets and fasteners), and their technical requirements for installation preparation, assembling, bolt tightening, inspection, recording and marking, etc. This standard is applicable to the flange joints of the following "pressure equipment" with leakage control requirements: a) that specified in TSG D0001 and other relevant technical specifications and regulations for safety; b) that specified in GB/T 20801 and other corresponding product standards or engineering specifications; c) that required by user or design. Note: For the purposes of this standard, the "pressure equipment" includes boilers, pressure vessels (including fixed pressure vessels, mobile pressure vessels and gas cylinders), pressure piping, pumps, valves, etc. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 150.3 Pressure vessels - Part 3: Design GB/T 17186.1-2015 Calculation methods for the pipe flange joints - Part 1: Calculation method satisfies both strength and rigidity requirements GB/T 20801.2 Pressure piping code - Industrial piping - Part 2: Materials GB/T 20801.3 Pressure piping code - Industrial piping - Part 3: Design and calculation GB/T 20801.4 Pressure piping code - Industrial piping - Part 4: Fabrication and assembly GB/T 20801.5 Pressure piping code - Industrial piping - Part 5: Inspection and testing HG/T 20592~20635 Steel pipe flanges, gaskets and bolting EN 13555 Flanges and their joints - Gasket parameters and test procedures relevant to the design rules for gasketed circular flange connections 3 Symbols For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. Aa——the gasket contact area, that is, the direct contact area between gasket and flange sealing face (for the octagonal gasket, it is calculated according to the projected area of the gasket), mm2; Ab——the sectional area of bolt at the root diameter of thread or at the minimum diameter of unthreaded part, whichever is smaller, mm2; Am——the total sectional area of flange joint bolts, Am=nAb, mm2; AG——the gasket sealing area, that is, gasket contact area calculated based on effective sealing width of the gasket, AG=2πGb, mm2; b——the effective sealing width of gasket (determined according to GB/T 150.3 or GB/T 17186.1), mm; C——the diameter of bolt circle, mm; D——the outer diameter of gasket contact surface, mm; d——the nominal diameter of bolts, mm; FE——the equivalent force generated by additional load of flange joint except internal pressure under operating conditions, FE=FZ+(4MZ/G), N; FP——the static pressure at the end of flange joint caused by internal pressure under operating conditions, FP=0.785G2P, N; FZ——the additional axial tension force (equivalent force generated by applied axial force and applied bending moment, determined according to GB/T 20801.3) applied to the flange joint except internal pressure under operating conditions, N; G——the diameter where the gasket pressing force acts, G=D-2b, mm; hG——the radial distance from the bolt circle to the position where the gasket pressing force acts, hG=(C-G)/2, mm; K——the torque coefficient; L0.1——the sealing class (determined according to EN 13555), with a corresponding leakage rate of 0.1 mg/(s?m) (calculated based on the perimeter of the middle diameter of the gasket sealing face); MA——the flange moment caused by bolt mounting load under installation conditions, MA=WAhG, N?mm; MZ——the additional axial torque of flange joint except internal pressure under operating conditions, N?mm; ——the gasket sealing parameters, dimensionless; n——the number of bolts for flange joints; PQR——the creep relaxation coefficient of gasket at operating temperature (determined according to EN 13555); P——the operating pressure, MPa; QA——the average compressive stress of gasket contact surface under installation conditions, QA=WA/Aa, MPa; Qmax——the maximum crushing stress of gasket (determined according to EN 13555), MPa; ——the minimum sealing stress of gasket required when the leakage rate is not greater than L0.1 under operating conditions, MPa; Qs——the average sealing stress on the gasket mating face, with the internal pressure and additional load deducted, under operating conditions, MPa; RJ——the bolt load relaxation coefficient under operating conditions, that is, the ratio of residual bolt load to bolt mounting load; SB——the bolt mounting stress, MPa; SBmax——the maximum bolt mounting stress, MPa; SBmin——the minimum bolt mounting stress, MPa; SBT——the bolt mounting target stress, MPa; T——the bolt mounting torque, T=KW0d/1000, N?m; WA——the total bolt mounting loads of flange joints under installation conditions, WA=SBAm, N; W0——the single bolt mounting load of flange joints under installation conditions, W0=SBAb, N. 4 Determination for bolt mounting loads of flange joints 4.1 General requirements Flange joints shall be subjected to strength and stiffness evaluation under design and installation conditions according to 4.2 and 4.3 respectively, and sealing performance evaluation under operating conditions according to 4.4; bolt mounting loads shall be determined accordingly. 4.2 Strength and stiffness evaluation of flange joints under design conditions 4.2.1 The compressive strength evaluation for standard pipe flanges and equipment flange joints (flanges-gaskets-fasteners) shall meet the pressure-temperature ratings specified in the corresponding standards and their selection requirements. When standard pipe flange joints are subjected to external axial force and external bending moment, the compressive strength and stiffness shall be evaluated according to the corresponding requirements of GB/T 20801.3. 4.2.2 The compressive strength and stiffness of non-standard flange joints shall be evaluated according to the corresponding requirements of GB/T 17186.1 or GB/T 150.3. 4.3 Strength and stiffness evaluation of flange joints under installation conditions 4.3.1 Bolts 4.3.1.1 Under installation conditions, bolt mounting stress, SB, shall not exceed 70% of the yield strength of bolt material (at mounting temperature). The actual bolt mounting stress (including mounting load deviation) shall not exceed 90% of the yield strength of bolt material (at mounting temperature). 4.3.1.2 The high-strength bolt mounting target stress, SBT, is 350 Mpa; the medium-strength bolt mounting target stress, SBT, is 280 Mpa. The medium-strength bolt mounting target stress may be 350 Mpa where necessary, but measures shall be taken to control the bolts from yielding during mounting and use. 4.3.2 Gasket 4.3.2.1 Under installation conditions, the total bolt mounting loads (WA) is equal to the compressive load on the gasket contact surface (Aa). The compressive stress of gasket contact surface (QA) shall not be greater than the maximum crushing stress of gasket (Qmax), as shown in Equation (1):

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Symbols 4 Determination for bolt mounting loads of flange joints 5 Additional requirements for selection of flanges, gaskets and fasteners 6 Installation 7 Inspection, test and marking 8 Records Annex A (Informative) Calculation of flange mounting stress Annex B (Informative) Maximum bolt mounting load of standard pipe flange joints Annex C (Informative) Recommended surface roughness of flange sealing face Annex D (Informative) Examples of flange joints installation inspection record Annex E (Informative) Calculation of bolt mounting torque by friction coefficient Bibliography

ICS 23.040 J 74 GB 中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn) GB/T 38343—2019 法蘭接頭安裝技術(shù)規(guī)定 Technical specification for flange joints installation 2019-12-10發(fā)布 2020-07-01實(shí)施 國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局 國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì) 發(fā)布 前言 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按照GB/T 1.1—2009給出的規(guī)則起草。 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由全國(guó)鍋爐壓力容器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)(SAC/TC 262)提出并歸口。 法蘭接頭安裝技術(shù)規(guī)定 1 范圍 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了采用螺栓連接的帶墊片圓形法蘭接頭的螺栓安裝載荷的確定方法，以及法蘭接頭(法蘭、墊片和緊固件)選用的附加要求、安裝準(zhǔn)備、裝配、螺栓上緊、檢查、記錄及標(biāo)記等技術(shù)要求。 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于下列具有泄漏控制要求的“承壓設(shè)備”法蘭接頭： a)TSG D0001等相應(yīng)安全技術(shù)規(guī)范和法規(guī)規(guī)定的； b)GB/T 20801等相應(yīng)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或工程規(guī)范規(guī)定的； c)用戶或設(shè)計(jì)要求的。 注：本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所指“承壓設(shè)備”包括鍋爐、壓力容器(含固定式壓力容器、移動(dòng)式壓力容器和氣瓶)、壓力管道、機(jī)泵、閥門等。 2 規(guī)范性引用文件 下列文件對(duì)于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB/T 150.3 壓力容器 第3部分：設(shè)計(jì) GB/T 17186.1—2015 管法蘭連接計(jì)算方法 第1部分：基于強(qiáng)度和剛度的計(jì)算方法 GB/T 20801.2 壓力管道規(guī)范 工業(yè)管道 第2部分：材料 GB/T 20801.3 壓力管道規(guī)范 工業(yè)管道 第3部分：設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算 GB/T 20801.4 壓力管道規(guī)范 工業(yè)管道 第4部分：制作與安裝 GB/T 20801.5 壓力管道規(guī)范 工業(yè)管道 第5部分：檢驗(yàn)與試驗(yàn) HG/T 20592～20635 鋼制管法蘭、墊片、緊固件 EN 13555 法蘭及其接頭 與圓形法蘭接頭設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的墊片參數(shù)及其試驗(yàn)方法(Flanges and their joints—Gasket parameters and test procedures relevant to the design rules for gasketed circular flange connections) 3 符號(hào) 下列符號(hào)適用于本文件。 Aa——墊片接觸面積，即墊片與法蘭密封面發(fā)生直接接觸的面積(八角墊按墊片的投影面積計(jì))，mm2； Ab——螺紋根徑處或無螺紋部分最小直徑處的螺栓截面積，取小者，mm2； Am——法蘭接頭螺栓總截面積，Am＝nAb，mm2； AG——墊片密封面積，即基于墊片有效密封寬度計(jì)算的墊片接觸面積，AG＝2πGb，mm2； b——墊片有效密封寬度(按GB/T 150.3或GB/T 17186.1確定)，mm； C——螺栓中心圓直徑，mm； D——墊片接觸面外徑，mm； d——螺栓公稱直徑，mm； FE——操作條件下，法蘭接頭除內(nèi)壓外附加載荷產(chǎn)生的當(dāng)量力，F(xiàn)E＝FZ＋(4MZ/G)，N； FP——操作條件下，法蘭接頭由內(nèi)壓引起的端部靜壓力，F(xiàn)P＝0.785G2P，N； FZ——操作條件下，法蘭接頭除內(nèi)壓外承受的附加軸向拉力(由外加軸向力與外加彎矩產(chǎn)生的當(dāng)量力，按GB/T 20801.3確定)，N； G——墊片壓緊力作用位置處的直徑，G＝D－2b，mm； hG——螺栓中心圓至墊片壓緊力作用位置的徑向距離，hG＝(C－G)/2，mm； K——扭矩系數(shù)； L0.1——密封等級(jí)(按EN 13555確定)，對(duì)應(yīng)的泄漏率為0.1mg/(s·m)(以墊片密封面中徑的周長(zhǎng)計(jì))； MA——安裝條件下，由螺栓安裝載荷產(chǎn)生的法蘭力矩，MA＝WAhG，N·mm； MZ——操作條件下，法蘭接頭除內(nèi)壓外承受的附加軸向力矩，N·mm； ——墊片密封參數(shù)，無因次； n——法蘭接頭的螺栓個(gè)數(shù)； PQR——操作溫度下，墊片的蠕變松弛系數(shù)(按EN 13555確定)； P——工作壓力，MPa； QA——安裝條件下，墊片接觸表面的平均壓應(yīng)力，QA＝WA/Aa，MPa； Qmax——墊片的最大壓潰應(yīng)力(按EN 13555確定)，MPa； ——操作條件下，泄漏率不大于L0.1的所需墊片最小密封應(yīng)力，MPa； Qs——操作條件下，減除內(nèi)壓力及附加載荷后，墊片密封表面的平均密封應(yīng)力，MPa； RJ——操作條件下，螺栓載荷松弛系數(shù)，即螺栓剩余載荷與螺栓安裝載荷之比； SB——螺栓安裝應(yīng)力，MPa； SBmax——最大螺栓安裝應(yīng)力，MPa； SBmin——最小螺栓安裝應(yīng)力，MPa； SBT——螺栓安裝目標(biāo)應(yīng)力，MPa； T——螺栓安裝扭矩，T＝KW0d/1000，N·m； WA——安裝條件下，法蘭接頭螺栓安裝載荷總和，WA＝SBAm，N； W0——安裝條件下，法蘭接頭單個(gè)螺栓安裝載荷，W0＝SBAb，N。 4 法蘭接頭螺栓安裝載荷的確定 4.1 一般規(guī)定 法蘭接頭應(yīng)分別按4.2和4.3進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)條件下和安裝條件下的強(qiáng)度和剛度評(píng)估，以及按4.4進(jìn)行操作條件下的密封性能評(píng)估，并據(jù)此確定螺栓安裝載荷。 4.2 設(shè)計(jì)條件下法蘭接頭的強(qiáng)度和剛度評(píng)估 4.2.1 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管法蘭和設(shè)備法蘭接頭(法蘭-墊片-緊固件)的承壓強(qiáng)度評(píng)估應(yīng)符合相應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的壓力-溫度額定值及其選配規(guī)定。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管法蘭接頭承受外加軸向力和外加彎矩時(shí)，其承壓強(qiáng)度和剛度評(píng)估應(yīng)符合GB/T 20801.3的相應(yīng)規(guī)定。 4.2.2 非標(biāo)法蘭接頭的承壓強(qiáng)度和剛度評(píng)估應(yīng)符合GB/T 17186.1或GB/T 150.3的相應(yīng)規(guī)定。 4.3 安裝條件下法蘭接頭的強(qiáng)度和剛度評(píng)估 4.3.1 螺栓 4.3.1.1 安裝條件下，螺栓安裝應(yīng)力SB應(yīng)不超過70％的螺栓材料屈服強(qiáng)度(安裝溫度下)。實(shí)際的螺栓安裝應(yīng)力(包括安裝載荷偏差)應(yīng)不超過90％的螺栓材料屈服強(qiáng)度(安裝溫度下)。 4.3.1.2 高強(qiáng)度螺栓安裝目標(biāo)應(yīng)力SBT為350MPa，中強(qiáng)度螺栓安裝目標(biāo)應(yīng)力SBT為280MPa。必要時(shí)，中強(qiáng)度螺栓安裝目標(biāo)應(yīng)力可取350MPa，但應(yīng)采取措施控制安裝和使用過程中螺栓不發(fā)生屈服。 4.3.2 墊片 4.3.2.1 安裝條件下，螺栓安裝載荷總和(WA)等于墊片接觸表面(Aa)的壓縮載荷。墊片接觸表面的壓應(yīng)力(QA)應(yīng)不大于墊片最大壓潰應(yīng)力(Qmax)，見式(1)： QA＝WA/Aa≤Qmax (1) 4.3.2.2 非金屬平墊片的最大壓潰應(yīng)力Qmax應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定： a)墊片厚度≤1.6mm時(shí)，Qmax≥150MPa； b)墊片厚度＞1.6mm～3.2mm時(shí)，Qmax≥100MPa。 4.3.3 法蘭 4.3.3.1 安裝條件下，法蘭不應(yīng)產(chǎn)生影響密封的變形，并按4.3.3.2、4.3.3.3、4.3.3.4的規(guī)定進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)估。 4.3.3.2 安裝條件下，由螺栓安裝力矩MA產(chǎn)生的法蘭偏轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定： a)法蘭公稱尺寸≤DN 600時(shí)，不大于0.6°； b)法蘭公稱尺寸＞DN 600時(shí)，不大于1.0°。 4.3.3.3 安裝條件下，法蘭偏轉(zhuǎn)角的估算方法按GB/T 17186.1—2015第12章的相應(yīng)規(guī)定。 4.3.3.4 法蘭安裝應(yīng)力的評(píng)估參照WRCBulletin 538的相應(yīng)規(guī)定，參見附錄A。 4.4 操作條件下法蘭接頭的密封性能評(píng)估 4.4.1 安裝條件下，螺栓安裝載荷是法蘭接頭具備承壓密封能力的基礎(chǔ)。隨著操作溫度的提高及時(shí)間的延續(xù)，由于螺栓材料的應(yīng)力松弛、墊片蠕變及法蘭密封面偏轉(zhuǎn)等綜合作用，將導(dǎo)致螺栓安裝載荷的松弛衰減。 4.4.2 操作條件下，法蘭接頭承受的內(nèi)壓及附加載荷(FP＋FE)將導(dǎo)致墊片密封應(yīng)力進(jìn)一步降低。操作條件下墊片密封應(yīng)力QS按式(2)計(jì)算： QS＝[WARJ－(FP＋FE)]/AG (2) 4.4.3 操作條件下，滿足泄漏率不大于L0.1的法蘭接頭最小螺栓安裝應(yīng)力SBmin按式(3)計(jì)算： (3) 4.4.4 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)法蘭接頭的泄漏率和螺栓安裝載荷的松弛系數(shù)作下列設(shè)定： a)泄漏率不大于L0.1的墊片密封應(yīng)力應(yīng)不小于墊片密封參數(shù)(m)和工作壓力的乘積(P)，且不小于10MPa。滿足泄漏率不大于L0.1的非金屬平墊片(非石棉纖維橡膠墊片、膨體聚四氟乙烯墊片、增強(qiáng)石墨復(fù)合墊片)、金屬纏繞墊、具有覆蓋層的齒形墊、八角墊的值一般不小于7。 注：Class900～Class2500的半金屬墊片(金屬纏繞墊、具有覆蓋層的齒形墊)的值可降低為6～4，參見附錄B。 b)螺栓及墊片的最高工作溫度下，螺栓安裝載荷的松弛系數(shù)RJ應(yīng)大于或等于0.7。 符合上列要求的法蘭接頭最小螺栓安裝應(yīng)力SBmin按式(4)計(jì)算： (4) 4.4.5 當(dāng)用戶或設(shè)計(jì)有其他泄漏控制要求或可靠的性能參數(shù)(如Qmax、Qsmin、RJ等)時(shí)，可按式(3)計(jì)算相應(yīng)的最小螺栓安裝應(yīng)力SBmin，但應(yīng)在設(shè)計(jì)文件和安裝程序文件中注明。 4.5 螺栓安裝載荷 4.5.1 最大螺栓安裝載荷的確定如下： a)根據(jù)法蘭接頭選配的螺栓材料，按4.3.1.2設(shè)定螺栓安裝目標(biāo)應(yīng)力。 b)根據(jù)上述a)設(shè)定的螺栓安裝目標(biāo)應(yīng)力，按4.3.2、4.3.3的規(guī)定對(duì)墊片、法蘭的強(qiáng)度或剛度進(jìn)行安全評(píng)估。 c)當(dāng)校核合格時(shí)，則取此螺栓安裝目標(biāo)應(yīng)力為最大螺栓安裝應(yīng)力SBmax。當(dāng)校核不合格時(shí)，應(yīng)相應(yīng)降低螺栓安裝目標(biāo)應(yīng)力的設(shè)定值，直至校核合格為止，并取降低的螺栓安裝目標(biāo)應(yīng)力為此法蘭接頭的最大螺栓安裝應(yīng)力。最大螺栓安裝載荷(Wo)等于最大螺栓安裝應(yīng)力(SBmax)與螺栓根徑截面積(Ab)的乘積。 d)最大螺栓安裝應(yīng)力SBmax應(yīng)不小于按4.4.3、4.4.4確定的最小螺栓安裝應(yīng)力SBmin。 4.5.2 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管法蘭接頭的最大螺栓安裝應(yīng)力參見附錄B表B.1～表B.12。 4.5.3 采用不同的上緊工具和上緊方法，實(shí)際的螺栓安裝載荷有一定的偏差。安裝單位在編寫安裝程序文件時(shí)應(yīng)充分考慮這些因素的影響，并控制螺栓安裝應(yīng)力滿足4.3.1.1的要求。 5 法蘭、墊片及緊固件選用的附加要求 5.1 一般規(guī)定 采用最大螺栓安裝載荷控制技術(shù)可提高法蘭接頭的承載能力，增加法蘭接頭的抗松弛裕量，降低法蘭接頭的泄漏率。但同時(shí)應(yīng)按5.2～5.4的規(guī)定提出緊固件、墊片、法蘭選用的附加要求。 5.2 緊固件 5.2.1 除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管法蘭接頭用緊固件的選用應(yīng)符合HG/T 20592～20635的相應(yīng)規(guī)定外，采用最大螺栓安裝載荷控制技術(shù)裝配的法蘭接頭，應(yīng)按4.3.1的規(guī)定優(yōu)先選用高強(qiáng)度螺栓(螺柱)。除鑄鐵、非金屬法蘭或橡膠墊外，不應(yīng)使用低強(qiáng)度螺栓(螺柱)。 5.2.2 緊固件宜選用全螺紋螺柱及重型螺母。必要時(shí)可設(shè)置整體硬化的硬墊圈或碟簧，以提高法蘭接頭的柔度，防止螺栓安裝載荷的松弛而引起泄漏。采用硬墊圈、碟簧或使用拉伸螺栓上緊方法時(shí)，應(yīng)相應(yīng)增加螺栓長(zhǎng)度。使用拉伸螺栓上緊方法時(shí)，還應(yīng)考慮有足夠的安裝空間。 5.2.3 螺栓材料的最高工作溫度應(yīng)符合表1的規(guī)定。