標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編號(hào):	GB/T 40060-2021
中文名稱:	液氫貯存和運(yùn)輸技術(shù)要求
英文名稱:	Technical requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen
中標(biāo)分類:	F19    新能源及其他
行業(yè)分類:	GB    國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
ICS分類:	71.020 71.020    化工生產(chǎn) 71.020
發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu):	國家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局 國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)
發(fā)布日期:	2021-04-30
實(shí)施日期:	2021-11-1
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài):	valid
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數(shù):	12000 字
翻譯價(jià)格(元):	650.0
交付時(shí)間:	付款后 1 個(gè)工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of SAT/TC 309 National Technical Committee on Hydrogen Energy of Standardization Administration of China. Introduction This standard provides technical reference for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen, and the safety requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen shall be subject to laws and regulations, mandatory national standards and other relevant regulations. Technical requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen 1 Scope This standard specifies the requirements for the setting of liquid hydrogen storage vessels, transportation of tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers, purging and replacement, safety and protection, and accident handling in the process of storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen. This standard is applicable to the technical requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen storage vessels, liquid hydrogen transport vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers. This standard is not applicable to the storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen used in military, national defense and aerospace fields. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 2894 Safety signs and guideline for the use GB 4387 Safety regulation for railway and road transportation in plants of industrial enterprises GB 12014 Protective clothing - Static protective clothing GB 21148 Foot protection - Safety footwear GB 21668 Provisions of vehicles for the carriage of dangerous goods with regard to their specific constructional features GB/T 24499 Technology glossary for gaseous hydrogen, hydrogen energy and hydrogen energy system GB/T 31421 Occupational antistatic headwear GB 50140 Code for design of extinguisher distribution in buildings GB 50169 Code for construction and acceptance of grounding connection - Electric equipment installation engineering GB 50177 Design code for hydrogen station GB 50974 Code of design on fire protection water supply and hydrant systems JT/T 617 (all parts) Regulations concerning road transportation of dangerous goods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 24499 and the following apply. 3.1 liquid hydrogen vessel vessel for long-term or short-term storage of liquid hydrogen Note: Liquid hydrogen vessels include liquid hydrogen storage vessels, storage vessels of liquid hydrogen tank vehicle, liquid hydrogen tank container, etc. 3.2 liquid hydrogen storage vessel pressure vessel for storing liquid hydrogen 3.3 liquid hydrogen tank vehicle transport vehicle equipped with liquid hydrogen storage vessel 3.4 liquid hydrogen tank containers low temperature tank container for storing liquid hydrogen 4 Setting of liquid hydrogen storage vessel 4.1 The liquid hydrogen storage vessel shall not be installed indoors. 4.2 Liquid hydrogen storage places shall be well ventilated. 4.3 The place where the liquid hydrogen storage vessel locates shall be provided with emergency exit, and safety signs shall be set around it in accordance with relevant requirements of GB 2894. ? 4.4 The place where liquid hydrogen storage vessel is set shall keep a safe distance from residential buildings, public roads and warehouses, with such distance not less than that specified in GB 50177. 4.5 Fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and other fire rescue equipment shall be provided in the place where liquid hydrogen storage vessels locate. The fire extinguishers should be dry powder fire extinguishers, with the configuration meeting those specified in GB 50140. And the setting of fire hydrants shall meet those specified in GB 50974. 4.6 The place where liquid hydrogen storage vessels locate shall be provided with liquid hydrogen tank vehicles and fire fighting access with a width not less than 4 m and the clearance height on it not less than 4.5m. 4.7 The liquid hydrogen storage and use places should be equipped with walls or fences and anti-collision facilities. 4.8 In the liquid hydrogen storage place, the liquid hydrogen storage vessel shall be installed on the pedestal above the ground, and the pedestal should be 30 cm above the ground. 4.9 The liquid hydrogen storage vessel area shall be arranged with a hydrogen concentration monitoring and alarm system, with the alarm concentration limit not more than 0.4% (volume fraction) and the response time not more than 30s. 4.10 The liquid hydrogen storage vessel area shall be arranged with ultraviolet flame detectors and infrared flame detectors. 4.11 The liquid hydrogen storage vessel shall be equipped with a grounding device, and shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 50177. 4.12 The liquid hydrogen transportation piping shall be equipped with a grounding device to eliminate the static electricity, and shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 50177. 4.13 In case the liquid hydrogen storage vessel is vented, the vent nozzle temperature shall not be lower than 90 K. 5 Transportation of tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers 5.1 The use, transportation, overhauling and management of tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers shall meet those specified in GB 21668 and JT/T 617 (all parts). ? 5.2 Before the departure of a liquid hydrogen tank vehicle, the transportation time and distance of the tank vehicle shall be confirmed, and emergency discharge measures shall be formulated to ensure that liquid hydrogen is not discharged on the highway during transportation. In case of transporting liquid hydrogen in tank vehicles or liquid hydrogen tank containers, the reading of the pressure gauge shall be monitored frequently, which shall not exceed the specified pressure value. If the reading of the pressure gauge rises abnormally, the tank vehicle shall be driven to a sparsely populated and open place, and the vent valve shall be opened to exhaust and relieve pressure. 5.3 When the pressure of the liquid hydrogen tank vehicle approaches the open pressure of the safety valve, the tank vehicle shall be driven to and parked in an open area for pressure discharge, at the same time, a warning line shall be provided. 5.4 In the factory area of industrial enterprise, liquid hydrogen shall be transported in accordance with GB 4387. The liquid hydrogen tank vehicle or vehicle carrying liquid hydrogen tank containers shall not travel at a speed exceeding 10 km/h. Do not push the vehicle by hand, and vehicle rolling is prohibited. 5.5 Liquid hydrogen transport vehicles loaded with liquid hydrogen shall be parked in the open air, and shall not be parked near bridges, tunnels or underground passages. 5.6 The parking distance between liquid hydrogen tank vehicles and between trailers of liquid hydrogen tank containers shall not be less than 3 m. 5.7 Liquid hydrogen tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers shall be equipped with electrostatic grounding devices, which shall meet the requirements of GB 50169. 5.8 Tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers can only enter the filling place for hydrogen filling after obtaining the consent of relevant personnel. Before filling, the gas in the connecting piping shall be replaced until the impurity content in it meets the replacement index requirements of the liquid hydrogen vessel. When filling, the operating personnel shall be on site. The filling shall be carried out in accordance with the operation procedures, and measures shall be taken to prevent the cryogenic liquid from overflowing. 5.9 The liquid hydrogen receiving port of the tank vehicle shall be equipped with a 10-μm filter, and the filter element shall be made of materials compatible with hydrogen. And hydrogen filters that are used continuously and constantly should be switchable. 5.10 Before entering the filling and diverting places, the rear of the tank vehicle trailer shall be equipped with a car flash hider.

Foreword i Introduction ii 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Setting of liquid hydrogen storage vessel 5 Transportation of tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers 6 Purging and replacement 7 Safety and protection 8 Accident handling Annex A (Informative) Hazard of liquid hydrogen Annex B (Informative) Key properties of liquid hydrogen

ICS 71.020 F 19 GB 中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn) GB/T 40060—2021 液氫貯存和運(yùn)輸技術(shù)要求 Technical requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen 2021-04-30發(fā)布 2021-11-01實(shí)施 國家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局 國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì) 發(fā)布 前言 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按照GB/T 1.1—2009給出的規(guī)則起草。 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由全國氫能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)(SAC/TC 309)提出并歸口。 引言 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為液氫貯存和運(yùn)輸提供技術(shù)參考，液氫貯存和運(yùn)輸?shù)陌踩笠苑煞ㄒ?guī)、強(qiáng)制性國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等有關(guān)規(guī)定為準(zhǔn)。 液氫貯存和運(yùn)輸技術(shù)要求 1 范圍 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了液氫貯存和運(yùn)輸過程中液氫貯罐的設(shè)置、罐車和罐式集裝箱的運(yùn)輸、吹掃與置換、安全與防護(hù)、事故處理的要求。 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于液氫貯罐、液氫運(yùn)輸車和罐式集裝箱的貯存和運(yùn)輸?shù)募夹g(shù)要求。 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不適用于軍事、國防、航天領(lǐng)域液氫的貯存和運(yùn)輸。 2 規(guī)范性引用文件 下列文件對(duì)于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB 2894 安全標(biāo)志及其使用導(dǎo)則 GB 4387 工業(yè)企業(yè)廠內(nèi)鐵路、道路運(yùn)輸安全規(guī)程 GB 12014 防護(hù)服裝 防靜電服 GB 21148 足部防護(hù) 安全鞋 GB 21668 危險(xiǎn)貨物運(yùn)輸車輛結(jié)構(gòu)要求 GB/T 24499 氫氣、氫能與氫能系統(tǒng)術(shù)語 GB/T 31421 防靜電工作帽 GB 50140 建筑滅火器配置設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范 GB 50169 電氣裝置安裝工程 接地裝置施工及驗(yàn)收規(guī)范 GB 50177 氫氣站設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范 GB 50974 消防給水及消火栓系統(tǒng)技術(shù)規(guī)范 JT/T 617(所有部分) 危險(xiǎn)貨物道路運(yùn)輸規(guī)則 3 術(shù)語和定義 GB/T 24499界定的以及下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。 3.1 液氫容器 liquid hydrogen vessel 用于長期或短期貯存液氫的容器。 注：液氫容器包括液氫貯罐、液氫罐車的貯罐、罐式集裝箱等。 3.2 液氫貯罐 liquid hydrogen storage vessel 貯存液氫的壓力容器。 3.3 液氫罐車 liquid hydrogen tank vehicle 配置液氫貯罐的運(yùn)輸車。 3.4 罐式集裝箱 liquid hydrogen tank containers 貯存液氫的低溫罐箱。 4 液氫貯罐的設(shè)置 4.1 液氫貯罐不得安裝在室內(nèi)。 4.2 液氫貯存場(chǎng)所應(yīng)保證通風(fēng)良好。 4.3 液氫貯罐的場(chǎng)所應(yīng)設(shè)有安全出口，周圍應(yīng)設(shè)置安全標(biāo)志，安全標(biāo)志的設(shè)置應(yīng)符合GB 2894的有關(guān)規(guī)定。 4.4 設(shè)置液氫貯罐的場(chǎng)所應(yīng)與居民建筑物、公用道路及庫房保持相應(yīng)的安全距離，并應(yīng)不小于GB 50177 的有關(guān)規(guī)定。 4.5 液氫貯罐的場(chǎng)所應(yīng)設(shè)置滅火器、消防栓等消防救護(hù)器材，滅火器配置應(yīng)符合GB 50140 的有關(guān)規(guī)定﹐滅火器宜采用干粉滅火器，消防栓的設(shè)置應(yīng)符合GB 50974的規(guī)定。 4.6 液氫貯罐場(chǎng)所應(yīng)設(shè)有液氫罐車和消防通道，道路的寬度不應(yīng)小于4 m，路面上的凈空高度不應(yīng)小于4.5 m。 4.7 液氫的貯存、使用場(chǎng)所宜設(shè)置圍墻或柵欄及防撞設(shè)施。 4.8 液氫貯存場(chǎng)所中，液氫貯罐應(yīng)安裝在高于地面的基座上，基座宜高于地面30 cm。 4.9 液氫貯罐區(qū)應(yīng)設(shè)有氫氣濃度監(jiān)測(cè)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)，報(bào)警濃度限值不大于0.4％(體積分?jǐn)?shù))，響應(yīng)時(shí)間不大于30 s。 4.10 液氫貯罐區(qū)應(yīng)設(shè)置紫外火焰探測(cè)器和紅外火焰探測(cè)器。 4.11 液氫貯罐應(yīng)設(shè)置接地裝置，并應(yīng)符合GB 50177的有關(guān)規(guī)定。 4.12 液氫輸送管道應(yīng)設(shè)置導(dǎo)除靜電的接地裝置，并應(yīng)符合GB 50177的有關(guān)規(guī)定。 4.13 液氫貯罐放空時(shí)，放空管口溫度不低于90 K。 5 罐車、罐式集裝箱的運(yùn)輸 5.1 罐車、罐式集裝箱的使用、運(yùn)輸、檢修和管理應(yīng)符合GB 21668，JT/T 617(所有部分)的有關(guān)規(guī)定。 5.2 液氫罐車出發(fā)前，應(yīng)確認(rèn)罐車的運(yùn)輸時(shí)間和運(yùn)輸距離，并制定緊急情況排放措施，以確保運(yùn)輸過程中不在公路上排放液氫。罐車、罐式集裝箱運(yùn)輸液氫時(shí)，要經(jīng)常監(jiān)視壓力表的讀數(shù)，不應(yīng)超過壓力規(guī)定值。當(dāng)壓力表讀數(shù)異常升高時(shí)，罐車應(yīng)開到人稀、空曠處，打開放空閥排氣泄壓。 5.3 液氫罐車壓力接近安全閥起跳壓力時(shí)，應(yīng)將罐車行駛到空曠處排放﹐并設(shè)警戒線。 5.4 在工業(yè)企業(yè)廠區(qū)內(nèi)，液氫的運(yùn)輸應(yīng)按GB 4387的規(guī)定執(zhí)行，液氫罐車或載有液氫罐式集裝箱的車輛行駛速度不應(yīng)超過10 km/h，不應(yīng)用手推行駛，禁止溜放。 5.5 裝載液氫的液氫運(yùn)輸車應(yīng)露天停放，不得停放在靠近橋梁、隧道或地下通道的場(chǎng)所。5.6 液氫罐車、罐式集裝箱的拖車停放間距不小于3 m。 5.7 液氫罐車及罐式集裝箱應(yīng)有導(dǎo)靜電接地裝置，接地裝置應(yīng)符合GB 50169的規(guī)定。 5.8 罐車、罐式集裝箱只有在得到有關(guān)人員同意后方可進(jìn)入充灌場(chǎng)所進(jìn)行充灌。充灌前，應(yīng)對(duì)充灌的連接管道進(jìn)行置換，直至管道內(nèi)氣體中雜質(zhì)含量符合液氫容器的置換指標(biāo)要求。充灌時(shí)，操作人員應(yīng)在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。充灌操作應(yīng)按操作規(guī)程進(jìn)行﹐并應(yīng)防止低溫液體外溢。 5.9 罐車的液氫接收口應(yīng)安裝10μm的過濾器，濾芯采用與氫相容性材料，連續(xù)固定使用的氫過濾器宜采用可切換式。 5.10 罐車拖車尾部在進(jìn)入加注、轉(zhuǎn)注場(chǎng)所前應(yīng)安裝汽車防火帽。 5.11 罐車、罐式集裝箱在連接充灌輸液管前應(yīng)處于制動(dòng)狀態(tài)，防止移動(dòng)，并應(yīng)設(shè)置防滑塊。罐車、罐式集裝箱在充裝過程中應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)安全措施﹐配置防拉脫裝置。 5.12 罐車、罐式集裝箱充灌結(jié)束后應(yīng)將輸液管置換至非氫氣環(huán)境﹐確認(rèn)安全后再脫開輸液管，方可離開。 5.13 罐車，罐式集裝箱在充灌裝卸作業(yè)時(shí)，汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)應(yīng)熄火關(guān)閉。充裝過程中，駕駛員不得駐留車內(nèi)。 5.14 罐車、罐式集裝箱內(nèi)液氫不宜長期儲(chǔ)存，更不得混裝其他液體，漆色標(biāo)志應(yīng)符合相關(guān)規(guī)定。 5.15 液氫加注、轉(zhuǎn)注期間，應(yīng)對(duì)管道連接處再次進(jìn)行檢查確認(rèn)﹐防止泄漏。 6 吹掃與置換 6.1 液氫容器在充灌液氫前應(yīng)檢查內(nèi)部狀態(tài)，管道應(yīng)干燥清潔，應(yīng)采用氮?dú)獯蹈桑b配后用適當(dāng)?shù)亩旅被蚨氯舛峦饨庸芸凇?6.2 液氫罐車超過7 d不用，應(yīng)在使用前檢測(cè)貯罐內(nèi)的氣體指標(biāo)，若不合格，應(yīng)對(duì)罐車內(nèi)氫氣進(jìn)行置換。 6.3 液氫容器新用或被其他氣體(如空氣等)污染，充灌液氫前應(yīng)進(jìn)行正壓置換，并符合下列要求： a)正壓置換應(yīng)分別采用純度不低于99.99％的氮?dú)狻錃猓脫Q壓力不超過液氫容器的工作壓力； b)吹掃置換空氣時(shí)，應(yīng)以氮?dú)夥磸?fù)充排，直至檢測(cè)排氣中的氧含量不大于0.5％(體積分?jǐn)?shù))； c)吹掃置換氮?dú)鈺r(shí)，應(yīng)以氫氣反復(fù)充排，直至罐內(nèi)余氣雜質(zhì)含量符合表1要求。 6.4 液氫容器內(nèi)氫氣所含的雜質(zhì)應(yīng)符合表1的置換指標(biāo)，方能充灌液氫。 表1 液氫容器置換指標(biāo) 項(xiàng)目 指標(biāo)×10－6(體積分?jǐn)?shù)) 氮(N2)含量 ≤100 氧＋氬(O2＋Ar)總含量 ≤20 水(H2O)含量 ≤20 6.5 對(duì)原來裝過液氫或仍存在部分液氫的容器，充灌前，亦需對(duì)容器內(nèi)氣體進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，符合液氫容器置換指標(biāo)者，不必再作置換；不符者，應(yīng)按6.3的規(guī)定進(jìn)行置換。 7 安全與防護(hù) 7.1 操作安全 7.1.1 液氫具有一定的危險(xiǎn)性，液氫的危險(xiǎn)性參見附錄A。 7.1.2 液氫容器在使用前應(yīng)檢查各種閥門，儀表、安全裝置是否齊全有效、靈敏可靠、在檢驗(yàn)有效期內(nèi)。液氫容器應(yīng)配置禁油壓力表、手動(dòng)或自動(dòng)泄放閥、安全閥、爆破片，爆破片安全裝置的材質(zhì)應(yīng)選用不銹鋼、銅或鋁，并應(yīng)脫脂去油。 7.1.3 液氫容器的充裝量應(yīng)符合貯罐的設(shè)計(jì)文件要求，液氫容器(用于生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的液氫專用接收容器除外)泄出后剩余量不應(yīng)少于總?cè)莘e的5％。 7.1.4 液氫容器常溫充灌時(shí)，加注口閥門的開度應(yīng)不大于20％，緩慢充灌預(yù)冷，預(yù)冷時(shí)間不小于30 min。 7.1.5 當(dāng)液氫容器上的閥門和儀表、管道連接接頭等處被凍結(jié)時(shí)，不應(yīng)用鐵錘敲打或明火加熱，宜用70℃～80℃潔凈無油的熱氮?dú)饣驕厮M(jìn)行融化解凍。 7.1.6 使用單位應(yīng)制定安全使用操作規(guī)程。操作人員獨(dú)立上崗操作前，應(yīng)進(jìn)行安全教育培訓(xùn)，經(jīng)考核合格后持安全操作證上崗。 7.1.7 操作人員應(yīng)熟悉液氫的特性及其危害，并熟悉相關(guān)設(shè)施的使用說明書，設(shè)備工藝流程，設(shè)備上各種閥門，儀表及其作用和操作程序；在發(fā)生故障及意外事故時(shí)應(yīng)能獨(dú)立采取應(yīng)急安全措施。液氫的主要特性參見附錄B表B.1。 7.1.8 液氫容器的故障排除應(yīng)按使用說明書的規(guī)定來處理。 7.2 安全防護(hù) 7.2.1 操作人員在充灌或處理液氫時(shí)應(yīng)穿著符合GB 21148規(guī)定的導(dǎo)電鞋或?qū)щ婇L筒靴，外穿符合GB 12014規(guī)定的A級(jí)防靜電工作服，佩戴符合GB/T 31421規(guī)定的防靜電帽，褲管應(yīng)罩在鞋(靴)幫外面，帶上干凈易脫的長臂純棉手套和護(hù)目鏡，若有可能產(chǎn)生液氫噴射或飛濺的作業(yè)，應(yīng)帶上防護(hù)面罩(或護(hù)目鏡)和長臂純棉手套。處理大量液氫泄漏時(shí)應(yīng)穿上無釘皮靴，褲腳套在皮靴外面。 7.2.2 操作人員操作前﹐應(yīng)先導(dǎo)散自身靜電，不應(yīng)用手觸摸非絕熱或表面結(jié)露、結(jié)霜的液氫容器與管道表面。 7.2.3 不應(yīng)進(jìn)入液氫大量泄漏的場(chǎng)所。 7.2.4 操作人員的皮膚因接觸液氫而被凍傷時(shí)，應(yīng)及時(shí)將受傷部位放入40℃左右的溫水中浸泡，切勿干加熱，嚴(yán)重的凍傷應(yīng)迅速到醫(yī)院治療。 8 事故處置 8.1 罐車、罐式集裝箱容器管路系統(tǒng)有微小泄漏時(shí)應(yīng)及時(shí)檢修處理；有嚴(yán)重泄漏時(shí)，應(yīng)將罐車、罐式集裝箱移到人稀、空曠安全處，逐漸排放﹐并應(yīng)嚴(yán)格監(jiān)護(hù)。排放時(shí)，人、車應(yīng)處在上風(fēng)向，排放液體時(shí)，應(yīng)關(guān)閉汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，人員不得滯留車內(nèi)，排放液氫波及區(qū)域內(nèi)應(yīng)禁止明火。 8.2 當(dāng)罐車、罐式集裝箱在運(yùn)輸途中發(fā)生事故時(shí)，應(yīng)及時(shí)報(bào)告當(dāng)?shù)赜嘘P(guān)部門進(jìn)行處理，同時(shí)應(yīng)按規(guī)定采取應(yīng)急措施。 附錄A (資料性附錄) 液氫的危險(xiǎn)性 A.1 液氫具有低溫危險(xiǎn)性。它是無色無味、透明的低溫液化氣體，沒有腐蝕性﹐在一定條件下，金屬材料與液氫接觸會(huì)發(fā)生氫脆現(xiàn)象。 A.2 液氫在受限空間內(nèi)大量泄漏可能會(huì)造成人員的缺氧窒息。 A.3 液氫具有爆燃和爆轟危險(xiǎn)性。液氫汽化為氫氣并與空氣混合易形成可燃爆混合物，遇火源易產(chǎn)生爆炸危險(xiǎn)。氫的燃燒速度快、火焰溫度高、隱形火焰蒼白、無色，白天不易察覺，需設(shè)置紫外火焰探測(cè)器和紅外火焰探測(cè)器。 A.4 液氫管路和設(shè)備絕熱保溫失效時(shí)，會(huì)使操作人員凍傷。液氫貯罐或管路系統(tǒng)中混入空氣會(huì)形成固體顆粒，其中固體氧的積累可能造成系統(tǒng)爆炸著火的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 A.5 雷雨天氣應(yīng)禁止液氫相關(guān)操作。 附錄B (資料性附錄) 液氫的主要特性 液氫的主要特性見表B.1。 表B.1 液氫的主要特性 項(xiàng)目 物化性能 特征 無色無味透明 摩爾質(zhì)量/(kg/ kmol) 2.0159 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓下的沸點(diǎn)/℃ －252.8 凝固點(diǎn)/℃ －259.2 在空氣中的燃燒極限范圍，體積分?jǐn)?shù) 4％～75％ 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓下的密度/(kg/m3) 70.79 變?yōu)闃?biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓下氣體體積倍數(shù) 790 臨界溫度/K 33.1 臨界壓力/MPa 1.3 危險(xiǎn)貨物編號(hào) UN1966 危險(xiǎn)貨物類別 第二類氣體中易燃?xì)怏w