1 Scope
This document provides guidance and recommendations on the operational procedures and assessment methods for fire risk assessment for buildings' property insurance (hereinafter referred to as fire risk assessment), giving the basic elements and relevant information to be considered for fire risk assessment for buildings' property insurance.
This document applies to fire risk assessment for property insurance for residential, public buildings, factories, warehouses and other civil and industrial buildings.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document by means of normative references in the text. Among them, the reference document with the date, only the version corresponding to the date is applicable to this document; the reference document without the date, its latest version (including all the revision sheet) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 5907 (all parts) Firefighting Glossary
GB 35181 Method of determining major fire hazards
3 Terms and definitions
The terms defined in GB,M5907 (all parts) and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
disaster causing factor
A factor that contributes to the transformation of a fire risk into a hazard.
3.2
loss-controlling factor
A factor that prevents a fire from occurring or reduces fire damage.
3.3
Fire risk identification
Identification of fire risk factors and analysis of the causes of their presence.
3.4
Fire risk estimation
The magnitude of the fire risk is quantified according to a defined method.
3.5
Fire risk ranking
The level at which the degree of fire risk is differentiated.
4 Classification and grading of fire risk assessment
4.1 Fire risk assessments are classified according to the nature of use of the insured building and are appropriately classified into the following four categories:
Residential fire risk assessment;
Fire risk assessment of public buildings;
5 Basic elements of fire risk assessment
5.1 Basic elements
The basic elements of a building fire risk assessment consist of two aspects: the causation factor and the damage control factor, each of which contains assessment indicators that vary according to the nature of the building use, as shown in Figure 1.
5.2 Causal factors
The causative factors include objective fire hazards and factors that tend to expand the spread of fire.
5.3 Damage control factors
Damage control factors mainly include passive measures. Active measures, fire management and fire-fighting capability.
6 Fire risk assessment methods
6.1 Calculation methods
7 Fire risk assessment procedures
7.1 Flow chart for fire risk assessment
The fire risk assessment process for insured buildings is shown in Figure 2.
7.2 Fire risk assessment Application
7.2.1 It is appropriate to judge the fire legality of the insured building before the assessment. The insured person can prove the fire legality of the building by providing legal documents such as the "Construction Engineering Fire Design Review Opinion" Construction Engineering Fire Acceptance Opinion X Construction Engineering Fire Acceptance Record Certificate).
7.2.2 The assessment should be carried out before the building is first insured and before the renewal of the policy.
7.2.3 The fire risk assessment of an insured building includes an initial assessment and a reassessment. The initial assessment is the first assessment carried out after the application for insurance and renewal of the policy; the reassessment is the re-assessment carried out after the policyholder has applied for a risk reduction based on risk improvement recommendations.
7.3 Site survey
7.3.1 It is advisable for the assessor to carry out a site survey of the insured building with two or more persons.
7.3.2 The insured person may provide the following documents to support the assessment:
Building design, structural design and equipment design drawings and construction (as-built) drawings;
Fire safety management system and operating procedures to ensure fire safety;
Fire safety responsibility system;
Fire prevention inspection records;
Inspection report of fire service facilities. Maintenance reports and records of operation of automatic fire-fighting systems;
Fire-fighting and emergency evacuation plans and records of drills;
Fire history;
Other documents and drawings required to be provided according to the actual situation of the unit.
7.3.3 It is advisable for the assessment agency to prepare in advance a "Building Property Insurance Fire Risk Site Survey Form" (the content and format of which can be found in Appendix A), and the surveyor should
7.3.3 The assessment agency is advised to prepare in advance a "Fire Risk Survey Form for Building Property Insurance" (see Appendix A for contents and format).
7.4 Fire Risk Estimation
7.4.1 The fire risk assessor quantifies the fire risk assessment indicators of the insured building against the Fire Risk Site Survey Form for Building Property Insurance recorded in the site survey and completes the Fire Risk Assessment Form in accordance with the pre-determined evaluation criteria, the contents and format of which are as per Appendix B.
7.4.2 The fire risk score of a building can be calculated according to formula (1).
7.5 Fire risk rating.
7.5.1 The fire risk rating is determined from the calculated building fire risk score. The correspondence between the building fire risk score and the risk rating is shown in Table 4.
7.5.2 In accordance with the provisions of GB35181, when an insured building is judged to be a major fire hazard, its fire risk rating can be directly assessed as Class I.
7.5.3 For plants with particularly complex production systems, the fire risk assessment can be carried out first in accordance with the assessment methods provided in this document for industrial plants, and then for production units, with the final fire risk rating determined by combining the results of both assessments. The fire risk assessment of the production process unit may be carried out by a panel of experts, still following the steps given in Chapter 7.
7.5.4 For the fire risk assessment of the following buildings it is recommended to set up a panel of experts to carry out the assessment in accordance with this document and the actual conditions of the building:.
Where special fire protection designs are used;
where new technologies and techniques are used. New materials, which exceed the requirements of the relevant national standards; .
Where international standards or foreign technical standards for fire protection are adopted.
7.5.5 When the level of fire risk is unacceptable, the fire risk assessor should analyse the main influencing factors of fire risk and rank them in order of importance to identify the key aspects of fire risk reduction, so as to propose an effective strategy for improving the risk level.
7.5.6 The policyholder may take proactive fire protection measures to control the risk based on the risk rating improvement strategy proposed by the assessor and may apply for re-assessment to reduce the fire risk to an acceptable level.
7.6 Fire risk control recommendations
7.6.1 After the fire risk assessment, it is advisable for the assessment agency to make fire risk control recommendations based on the assessment results and taking into account the specific circumstances of the insured building.
7.6.2 Based on the fire risk control recommendations, the policyholder may identify the key areas of fire risk and make fire risk management decisions.
7.6.3 Based on the fire risk control recommendations, the insurance company can identify fire mitigation measures and guide the follow-up inspection and fire management after underwriting.
7.7 Underwriting recommendations and rate fluctuations
7.7.1 Based on the assessed fire risk rating, it is appropriate for the assessment agency to make an underwriting recommendation and issue a fire risk assessment report, the contents and format of which shall be as per Appendix C.
7.7.2 Based on the fire risk assessment report and the fire risk rating, the insurance company may determine the rate fluctuation factor for property insurance for the building being assessed.
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification and grading of fire risk assessment
5 Basic elements of fire risk assessment
6 Fire risk assessment methods
7 Fire risk assessment procedures
