GB/T 44040-2024 Measurement methods for noise emitted by heavy-duty vehicles in multiple driving mode conditions
1 Scope
This document specifies the terms and definitions, measuring instruments, measuring conditions, measurement requirements and methods for measuring noise emitted by heavy-duty vehicles in multiple driving mode conditions.
This document is applicable to the measurement of noise emitted by Categories M3, N2, and N3 vehicles, as well as Category M2 vehicles with a maximum total mass greater than 3,500kg in multiple driving mode conditions.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 3730.1 Terms and definitions of motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicle - Part 1: Types
GB/T 3730.2 Road vehicle - Masses - Vocabulary and codes
GB/T 3785.1 Electroacoustics - Sound level meters - Part 1: Specifications
GB/T 12534 Motor vehicles - General rules of road test method
GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB/T 15173 Electroacoustics - Sound calibrators
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 22157 Acoustics - Specification of test tracks for measuring noise emitted by road vehicles and their tyres
GB/T 38146.2 China automotive test cycle - Part 2: Heavy-duty commercial vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 3730.1, GB/T 3730.2, GB/T 15089, GB/T 19596 and GB/T 38146.2 as well as the following ones apply.
3.1
test mass
mt
mass of different types of test vehicles used for noise testing after being loaded according to different load conditions
Note: The unit is kilograms (kg).
3.2
total power of vehicle
Pn
total power of all power sources directly involved in driving the vehicle
Note 1: The unit is kilowatts (kW).
Note 2: The total power of vehicles using fuel engines refers to the maximum net power of engines measured according to GB/T 17692. For battery electric vehicles, it refers to the sum of the peak power of all drive motors measured according to GB/T 18488.2. For hybrid electric vehicles, it refers to the sum of the maximum net power of the engine measured according to GB/T 17692 and the peak power of the drive motor(s) measured according to GB/T 18488.2. For fuel cell vehicles, it refers to the peak power of the drive motor(s) measured according to GB/T 24554.
3.3
engine speed at maximum net power
S
speed of engine when it outputs the maximum net power, as specified in GB/T 17692
Note 1: The unit is revolutions per minute (r/min).
Note 2: If the maximum net power can be achieved at multiple engine speeds, the highest speed corresponding to the maximum net power is considered the engine speed at maximum net power.
3.4
reference point
locating point used to represent the position of a test vehicle during noise measurements
Note 1: For test vehicles with a front-mounted engine (or drive motor), the reference point is the foremost point of the test vehicle. For test vehicles with a mid-mounted or rear-mounted engine (or drive motor), the reference point is the edge of the engine (or drive motor) closest to the forward driving direction of the test vehicle.
Note 2: For test vehicles with multiple drive motors, if the main drive motor or the forward-positioned drive motor (in cases where multiple drive motors have equal power) is front-mounted, the reference point is the foremost point of the test vehicle. If the main drive motor or the forward-positioned drive motor is mid-mounted or rear-mounted, the reference point is the edge of the main or forward-positioned drive motor closest to the forward driving direction of the test vehicle.
4 Measuring instrument
4.1 Acoustic measuring instrument
The sound level meters or other equivalent measuring systems used for measurement shall meet the requirements for Level 1 sound level meters as specified in GB/T 3785.1 (windscreen shall be included, if applicable). During measurement, the "F" time-weighting characteristic and "A" frequency-weighting characteristic of sound level meter shall be used. If a sound level meter or measuring system capable of automatically capturing "A"-weighted sound pressure levels is used, the reading time interval shall not exceed 30ms.
4.2 Calibration of acoustic measuring instrument
Before and after the measurement, the acoustic measuring instrument shall be calibrated using a Level 1 acoustic calibrator compliant with GB/T 15173. Without making any further adjustments, if the difference between the post-test calibration reading and the pre-test calibration reading exceeds 0.5dB(A), the measurement results obtained after the pre-test calibration shall be considered invalid.
4.3 Other measuring instruments
The measuring instruments shall include the following equipment, with accuracies meeting the following requirements:
a) Tachometer: ±2%;
b) Vehicle speed measuring instrument: ±0.5%;
c) Thermometer: ±1℃;
d) Anemometer: ±1.0m/s;
e) Barometer: ±0.5kPa;
f) Relative humidity meter: ±5%;
g) Tyre gauge: ±10kPa.
Contents
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Measuring instrument
5 Measuring conditions
6 Measurement requirements and methods
Annex A (Informative) Record form for measurement of noise emitted by heavy-duty vehicles in multiple driving mode conditions
Bibliography
重型汽車多工況行駛車外噪聲測量方法
1 范圍
本文件規(guī)定了重型汽車多工況行駛車外噪聲測量的術(shù)語和定義、測量儀器、測量條件、測量要求及方法。
本文件適用于M3類、N2類、N3類和最大總質(zhì)量大于3500kg的M2類汽車的多工況行駛車外噪聲測量。
2 規(guī)范性引用文件
下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅該日期對應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 3730.1 汽車、掛車及汽車列車的術(shù)語和定義 第1部分：類型
GB/T 3730.2 道路車輛 質(zhì)量 詞匯和代碼
GB/T 3785.1 電聲學(xué) 聲級計 第1部分：規(guī)范
GB/T 12534 汽車道路試驗方法通則
GB/T 15089 機(jī)動車輛及掛車分類
GB/T 15173 電聲學(xué) 聲校準(zhǔn)器
GB/T 19596 電動汽車術(shù)語
GB/T 22157 聲學(xué) 測量道路車輛和輪胎噪聲的試驗車道技術(shù)規(guī)范
GB/T 38146.2 中國汽車行駛工況 第2部分：重型商用車輛
3 術(shù)語和定義
GB/T 3730.1、GB/T 3730.2、GB/T 15089、GB/T 19596、GB/T 38146.2界定的以及下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
測試質(zhì)量 test mass
mt
不同種類試驗車輛根據(jù)不同載荷條件加載后，用于噪聲測試時的質(zhì)量。
注：單位為千克(kg)。
3.2
汽車總功率 total power of vehicle
Pn
汽車直接參與驅(qū)動的動力源功率總和。
注1:單位為千瓦(kW)。
注2:使用燃料發(fā)動機(jī)的汽車總功率是指根據(jù)GB/T 17692測得的發(fā)動機(jī)最大凈功率；純電動汽車總功率是指根據(jù)GB/T 18488.2測得的所有驅(qū)動電機(jī)峰值功率之和；混合動力汽車總功率是指根據(jù)GB/T 17692測得的發(fā)動機(jī)最大凈功率與根據(jù)GB/T 18488.2測得的驅(qū)動電機(jī)峰值功率之和；燃料電池汽車總功率是指根據(jù)GB/T 24554測得的驅(qū)動電機(jī)峰值功率。
3.3
發(fā)動機(jī)最大凈功率轉(zhuǎn)速 engine speed at maximum net power
S
根據(jù)GB/T 17692規(guī)定發(fā)動機(jī)輸出最大凈功率時對應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)速。
注1: 單位為轉(zhuǎn)每分(r/min)。
注2: 如發(fā)動機(jī)在不同轉(zhuǎn)速均得到最大凈功率，則發(fā)動機(jī)最大凈功率對應(yīng)的最高轉(zhuǎn)速為最大凈功率轉(zhuǎn)速。
3.4
參考點 reference point
試驗車輛進(jìn)行噪聲測量時用于代表車輛位置的定位點。
注1:對于發(fā)動機(jī)(驅(qū)動電機(jī))前置試驗車輛，參考點為試驗車輛最前端點；發(fā)動機(jī)(驅(qū)動電機(jī))中置、后置試驗車輛，參考點為發(fā)動機(jī)(驅(qū)動電機(jī))靠近試驗車輛行駛方向前端的邊緣。
注2:對于有多個驅(qū)動電機(jī)試驗車輛，主驅(qū)動電機(jī)或靠前驅(qū)動電機(jī)(多個驅(qū)動電機(jī)功率相等)前置時，參考點為試驗車輛最前端點；主驅(qū)動電機(jī)或靠前驅(qū)動電機(jī)(多個驅(qū)動電機(jī)功率相等)中置、后置時，參考點為主驅(qū)動電機(jī)或靠前驅(qū)動電機(jī)靠近試驗車輛行駛方向前端的邊緣。
4 測量儀器
4.1 聲學(xué)測量儀器
測量用聲級計或其他等效的測量系統(tǒng)應(yīng)滿足GB/T 3785.1規(guī)定的1級聲級計的要求(如果適用，還應(yīng)包括防風(fēng)罩)。測量時，應(yīng)使用聲級計的“F”時間計權(quán)特性和“A”頻率計權(quán)特性。當(dāng)使用能自動采集測量“A”計權(quán)聲壓級的聲級計或測量系統(tǒng)時，其讀數(shù)時間間隔不應(yīng)超過30ms。
4.2 聲學(xué)測量儀器校準(zhǔn)
測量前后，應(yīng)用符合GB/T 15173規(guī)定的1級聲校準(zhǔn)器對聲學(xué)測量儀器進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn)。在沒有再做任何調(diào)整的條件下，如果后一次校準(zhǔn)讀數(shù)相對前一次校準(zhǔn)讀數(shù)的差值超過0.5 dB(A),則判定前一次校準(zhǔn)后的測量結(jié)果無效。
4.3 其他測量儀器
測量儀器應(yīng)包括如下設(shè)備，準(zhǔn)確度應(yīng)滿足下列要求：
a) 轉(zhuǎn)速測量儀器，±2%;
b) 車速測量儀器，±0.5%;
c) 溫度計，±1℃;
d) 風(fēng)速儀，±1.0m/s;
e) 大氣壓計，±0.5kPa;
f) 相對濕度計，±5%;
g) 輪胎氣壓表，±10kPa。
