標準編號:	GB/T 5750.4-2023
中文名稱:	生活飲用水標準檢驗方法 第4部分：感官性狀和物理指標
英文名稱:	Standard examination methods for drinking water—Part 4：Organoleptic and physical indices
中標分類:	C51    環境衛生
行業分類:	GB    國家標準
ICS分類:	13.060 13.060     13.060
發布機構:	國家市場監督管理總局 國家標準化管理委員會
發布日期:	2023-03-17
實施日期:	2023-10-1
標準狀態:	valid
替代舊標準:	GB/T 5750.4-2006 生活飲用水標準檢驗方法 感官性狀和物理指標
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	43000 字
翻譯價格(元):	3900.0
交付時間:	付款后 1~5 個工作日

Foreword This document is drafted in accordance with the provisions of GB/T1.12020 "Guidelines for standardization work, Part 1: the structure of standardized documents and starting rules". This document is part 1 of GB/T5750 "Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water". GB/T5750 has issued the following parts. Part 1:General Provisions. Part 2: the collection and preservation of water samples Part 3: Quality control of water quality analysis. Part 4: sensory properties and physical indicators. Part 5: inorganic non-metallic indicators. Part 6: metal and metal-like indicators. Part 7: Organic composite indicators. Part 8: organic indicators. Part 9: pesticide indicators. Part 10: Disinfection by-product indicators Part 11: Disinfectant indicators. Part 12: Microbial indicators Part 13: Radioactive indicators This document replaces GB/T5750.4-2006 "Standard test methods for drinking water sensory properties and physical indicators" compared with GB/T5750.4-2006, in addition to structural and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows a) increased the "terms and definitions" (see Chapter 3). b) increased the six test methods (see 6.2, 6.3, 12.2, 12.3, 13.3, 13.4). c) deleted a test (see 9.2 of the 2006 version) Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing authority of this document does not assume responsibility for identifying patents This document is proposed and attributed by the National Health and Wellness Commission of the People's Republic of China. Introduction GB/T5750 "Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water" as a recommended national standard for drinking water testing technology, and GB5749 "Drinking Water Sanitation Standards" supporting, is an important technical support for GB5749, for the implementation of GB5749 to carry out health and safety evaluation of drinking water to provide test methods. GB/T5750 consists of 13 parts. Part 1: General Provisions. The purpose is to provide the basic principles and requirements of water quality testing Part 2: the collection and preservation of water samples. The purpose is to provide water sample collection, preservation, management, transport and sampling quality control of the basic principles, measures and requirements. Part 3: Water quality analysis quality control. The purpose is to provide water quality inspection and testing laboratory quality control requirements and methods Part 4: Sensory traits and physical indicators. The purpose is to provide sensory traits and physical indicators of the corresponding test methods. Part 5: inorganic non-metallic indicators. The purpose is to provide inorganic non-metallic indicators of the corresponding test methods. Part 6: Metals and metal-like indicators. The purpose is to provide metal and metal-like indicators of the corresponding test methods Part 7: Organic composite indicators. The purpose is to provide a comprehensive index of organic substances corresponding test methods Part 8: organic indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for organic indicators. Part 9: Pesticide indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for pesticide indicators. Part 10: Disinfection by-products indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for disinfection by-product indicators Part 11: Disinfectant indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for disinfectant indicators Part 12: Microbiological indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for microbial indicators Part 13: radioactive indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for radioactive indicators 1 Scope This document describes the drinking water color, turbidity, odor and taste, visible to the naked eye, pH, conductivity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, volatile phenols, anionic synthetic detergent determination method and water color, turbidity, odor and taste, visible to the naked eye, pH, conductivity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, volatile phenols (4-aminoantipyrine trichloromethane extraction spectrophotometry) , anionic synthetic detergents determination method. This document applies to the determination of sensory properties and physical indicators in drinking water and (or) water sources 2 normative reference documents The following documents constitute the essential provisions of this document through the normative references in the text. Among them, attention to the period of reference documents, only the date corresponding to the version applicable to this document; do not note the date of reference documents, the latest version (including all the revision of the list) applicable to this document. GB/T 5750.1 Part 1: General Guidelines for the standard test methods for domestic drinking water GB/T 5750.3 Standard test methods for drinking water Part 3: Quality control of water quality analysis GB/T 6682 Analytical laboratory water specifications and test methods 3 terms and definitions GB/T 5750.1 and GB/T 5750.3 defined terms and definitions apply to this document. 4 Colorimetric 4.1 Platinum - drill standard colorimetric method 4.1.1 Minimum detection value Water samples without dilution, the method of the minimum detection of chromaticity of 5 degrees, the determination range of 5 degrees ~ 50 degrees 5 turbidity 5.1 Scattering method-Former book standard 5.1.1 Minimum detection value The method of turbidity minimum detection value of 0.5 scattering turbidity units (NTU). Turbidity is a reflection of the source water and drinking water physical properties of an indicator, to indicate the degree of turbidity of water. Turbidity of water is due to the presence of suspended or colloidal substances in the water, or both caused by the optical scattering or absorption behavior. 5.1.2 principle Under the same conditions with the intensity of light scattered by the standard suspension of forma fat and the intensity of light scattered by the water sample for comparison. The greater the intensity of the scattered light, the higher the turbidity is indicated. 5.1.3 Reagents Warning: Arachidonic acid is carcinogenic, avoid inhalation and skin contact! 5.1.3.1 Pure water: Take evaporated water and filter it through 0.22um membrane and use it. 6 odor and taste 6.1 smell gas and taste method 6.1.1 Apparatus and equipment Conical flask:250mL. 6.1.2 Test procedure 6.1.2.1 Original water samples of odor and taste Take 100mL water samples, placed in a 250L-shaped bottle, vibration broadcast from the bottle after the smell of water, with appropriate text description, and according to six levels of record of its intensity, see Table 2. Note: analysis in a well-ventilated, odor-free environment, analysts 30m before the test to avoid eating and drinking or smoking, suffering from colds, overcontribution disorders or other related problems do not participate in the smell test. Avoid using soap, perfume, face dressing, etc. to avoid interference of foreign odors in the test. After sniffing samples with high odor intensity, rest for more than 15 min and continue the analysis, and stop the test when the analyst is tired and rest in a room without odor. At the same time, take a small amount of water samples into the mouth, do not swallow, taste the taste of water, be described, and record the intensity according to six levels, see Table 2. 6.1.2.2 The original water boiling odor and taste The above conical bottle of water samples heated to the beginning of boiling, immediately remove the conical bottle, slightly cold, according to the above method of smell and taste, with appropriate text to describe, and according to the six levels of the intensity of the record, see Table 2. 7 Naked eye visible matter 7.1 Direct observation method Shake the water sample well, pour it into a clean and transparent conical bottle and observe it directly in a bright light, and record the visible matter observed by the naked eye. 8pH value 8.1 Glass electrode method 8.1.1 Principle The pH value can be determined accurately to 0.01 by this method. DH value is the logarithmic value of the inverse of hydrogen ion activity in water. Water color, turbidity, residual chlorine, oxidizing agent, reducing agent, higher salt content do not interfere with the determination, but in the strong alkaline solution, when there are a large number of sodium ions will produce errors, so that the reading is low. The glass electrode is used as the indicator electrode and the saturated mercury electrode is used as the reference electrode, which is inserted into the solution to form a primary cell. When the concentration of hydrogen ion changes, the electric potential between the glass electrode and the glycury electrode also changes, at 25C, each unit of pH scale is equivalent to 59.1mV electric potential change value, which is directly expressed as pH reading on the instrument. The instrument is equipped with a temperature difference compensation device. 8.1.2 Reagents Unless otherwise specified, the water used for the experiment is secondary water as specified in GB/T6682, ready for use. 9 Conductivity 9.1 Electrode method 9.1.1 Principle Conductivity is a number to express the ability of aqueous solution to conduct current. It has a close relationship with the minerals in the water, can be used to detect the living Drinking water and its source of water changes in the concentration of dissolved minerals and estimate the number of ionic compounds in water. The conductivity of water is proportional to the concentration of electrolytes and has a linear relationship. Most inorganic salts in water exist in ionic state, which is a good conductor of electricity, but organic substances do not dissociate or dissociate very weakly, and conduct electricity very weakly, so the conductivity does not reflect this kind of pollution factors. The general conductivity of natural water is between 50S/m~1500S/m, and the water containing high inorganic salts can be more than 10000S/cm. The characteristics of dissolved electrolytes in water, concentration and water temperature are closely related to the determination of conductivity. Therefore, the test conditions and the selection and installation of the conductivity meter electrode can affect the precision and accuracy of the measured conductivity. 10 Total hardness 10.1 Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid titration method 10.1.1 Minimum detectable mass concentration The minimum detection quality of this method is 0.05mg, if 50mL water sample is taken for determination, the minimum detection quality concentration is 1.0mg/L. The main interfering elements of this method iron, manganese, aluminum, copper, nickel, drill and other metal ions can make the indicator fade or the end point is not obvious. Sodium sulfide and potassium cyanide can conceal the interference of heavy metals, hydrochloric acid selective amine can make high iron ions and high-valent manganese ions reduced to low-valent ions and eliminate their interference. 10.1.2 Principle Calcium and magnesium ions in the water sample and chromium black T indicator to form purple-red integration, the instability constant of these compounds is greater than the instability constant of calcium and magnesium chelate of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. When the pH=10, disodium diamine tetrazolium acid firstly forms the integration with calcium ion, then with magnesium ion, and the solution shows the pure blue color of chromium black T indicator when titrating to the end point. 10.1.3 Reagents 11 Total dissolved solids 11.1 Weighing method 11.1.1 Principle 11.1.1.1 The water sample is filtered and dried at a certain temperature, and the resulting solid residue is called total dissolved solids, including non-volatile soluble salts, organic matter and insoluble particles that can pass through the filter. 11.1.1.2 Drying temperature is generally used 105C3C. But 105C temperature can not completely remove the crystalline water contained in the salts in highly mineralized water samples. The use of 180C3C drying temperature, you can get more accurate results. 11.1.1.3 when the total dissolved solids in the water sample contains a large amount of calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, because these compounds have a strong hygroscopicity so that the weighing can not be constant mass, when the water sample can be added to the appropriate amount of sodium carbonate solution and get improved. 12 Volatile phenols 12.14 aminoantipyrine trichloromethane extraction spectrophotometry 12.1.1 Minimum detection mass concentration The minimum detection mass of this method is 0.5g volatile class (in phenol). If 250L water samples are taken, the minimum detection mass concentration is 0.002mg/L volatile phenols (phenol). Interfering substances and their elimination methods: reducing sulfides, oxidizers, aniline compounds and petroleum in water interfere with the determination of phenols. Sulfides by acidification and the addition of copper sulfate in the distillation and volatile phenols separated; residual chlorine and other oxidizing agents can be added to the sampling of ferrous sulfate or sodium arsenite reduction. Aniline in acidic solution to form salts are not evaporated. Petroleum can be removed under alkaline conditions after extraction with organic solvents. 13 Anionic synthetic detergents 13.1 Methylene blue spectrophotometric method 13.1.1 Minimum detection mass concentration This method uses sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as the standard, the minimum detection mass of anionic synthetic detergent in the water sample is 5 g. If 100 mL of water sample is taken for determination, the minimum detection mass concentration is 0050 mg/L. Substances that can react with methylene blue have interference with this method. Phenol, organic sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate and a large number of chlorides (2000mg) nitrate (5000mg) thiocyanate, etc. can make the results high 13.1.2 Principle Methylene blue dye in aqueous solution with anionic synthetic detergent to form a blue compound that can be easily extracted by organic solvents. The unreacted methylene blue then remains in the aqueous solution. The content of the anionic synthetic detergent is determined according to the intensity of the blue color in the organic phase.

Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 2 normative reference documents 3 terms and definitions 4 Colorimetric 5 turbidity 6 odor and taste 7 Naked eye visible matter 8 pH value 9 Conductivity 10 Total hardness 11 Total dissolved solids 12 volatile phenols 13 anionic synthetic detergents

前言 本文件按照GB/T1.12020《標準化工作導則第1部分:標準化文件的結構和起規則》的規定起草。 本文件是GB/T5750《生活飲用水標準檢驗方法》的第部分。GB/T5750已經發布了以下部分: 第1部分:總則; 第2部分:水樣的采集與保存 第3部分:水質分析質量控制; 第4部分:感官性狀和物理指標; 第5部分:無機非金屬指標: 第6部分:金屬和類金屬指標: 第7部分有機物綜合指標; 第8部分:有機物指標; 第9部分:農藥指標; 第10部分:消毒副產物指標 第11部分消毒劑指標; 第12部分:微生物指標 第13部分:放射性指標 本文件代替GB/T5750.4-2006《生活飲用水標準檢驗方法感官性狀和物理指標》與GB/T5750.4-2006相比,除結構整和編輯性改動外，主要技術變化如下 a)增加了“術語和定義”(見第3章); b)增加了6個檢驗方法(見6.2、6.3,12.2、12.3、13.3、13.4); c)刪除了1個檢驗方法(見2006年版的9.2) 請注意本文件的某些內容可能涉及專利。本文件的發布機構不承擔識別專利的責任本文件由中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會提出并歸口。 引言 GB/T5750《生活飲用水標準檢驗方法》作為生活飲用水檢驗技術的推薦性國家標準,與GB5749《生活飲用水衛生標準》配套,是GB5749的重要技術支撐，為貫徹實施GB5749開展生活飲用水衛生安全性評價提供檢驗方法。 GB/T5750由13個部分構成。 第1部分:總則。目的在于提供水質檢驗的基本原則和要求 第2部分:水樣的采集與保存。目的在于提供水樣采集、保存、管理、運輸和采樣質量控制的基本原則、措施和要求。 第3部分:水質分析質量控制。目的在于提供水質檢驗檢測實驗室質量控制要求與方法 第4部分:感官性狀和物理指標。目的在于提供感官性狀和物理指標的相應檢驗方法。 第5部分:無機非金屬指標。目的在于提供無機非金屬指標的相應檢驗方法。 第6部分:金屬和類金屬指標。目的在于提供金屬和類金屬指標的相應檢驗方法 第7部分:有機物綜合指標。目的在于提供有機物綜合指標的相應檢驗方法 第8部分:有機物指標。目的在于提供有機物指標的相應檢驗方法。 第9部分:農藥指標。目的在于提供農藥指標的相應檢驗方法。 第10部分:消毒副產物指標。目的在于提供消毒副產物指標的相應檢驗方法 第11部分:消毒劑指標。目的在于提供消毒劑指標的相應檢驗方法 第12部分:微生物指標。目的在于提供微生物指標的相應檢驗方法 第13部分:放射性指標。目的在于提供放射性指標的相應檢驗方法 1范圍 本文件描述了生活飲用水中色度、渾濁度、臭和味、肉眼可見物、pH、電導率、總硬度、溶解性總固體、揮發酚類、陰離子合成洗滌劑的測定方法和水源水中色度、渾濁度、臭和味、肉眼可見物、pH、電導率、總硬度、溶解性總固體、揮發酚類(4-氨基安替比林三氯甲烷萃取分光光度法)、陰離子合成洗滌劑的測定方法。 本文件適用于生活飲用水和(或)水源水中感官性狀和物理指標的測定 2規范性引用文件 下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中,注目期的引用文件,僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB/T5750.1第1部分:總則生活飲用水標準檢驗方法 GB/T5750.3生活飲用水標準檢驗方法第3部分:水質分析質量控制 GB/T6682分析實驗室用水規格和試驗方法 3術語和定義 GB/T5750.1和GB/T5750.3界定的術語和定義適用于本文件。 4色度 4.1鉑-鉆標準比色法 4.1.1最低檢測值 水樣不經稀釋，本方法最低檢測色度為5度，測定范圍為5度~50度 5渾濁度 5.1散射法-福爾馬冊標準 5.1.1最低檢測值 本方法渾濁度最低檢測值為0.5散射濁度單位(NTU)。 渾濁度是反映水源水及生活飲用水物理性狀的一項指標，用以表示水的渾濁程度。水的渾濁度是由于水中存在懸浮物或膠態物，或兩者造成的光學散射或吸收行為引起的。5.1.2原理 在相同條件下用福爾馬胖標準混懸液散射光的強度和水樣散射光的強度進行比較。散射光的強度越大，表示渾濁度越高。 5.1.3試劑 警示:硫酸耕具致癌毒性,避免吸入攝入和與皮膚接觸! 5.1.3.1純水:取蒸留水經0.22um濾膜過濾后使用。 6臭和味 6.1嗅氣和嘗味法 6.1.1儀器設備 錐形瓶:250mL。 6.1.2試驗步驟 6.1.2.1原水樣的臭和味 取100mL水樣,置于250L形瓶中,振播后從瓶口水的氣味，用適當文字描述，并按六級記錄其強度,見表2。 注:分析在通風良好、無異味的環境中進行,分析人員測試前30m避免進食喝飲料或吸煙，患感冒、過繳癥者或有其他相關問題時不參加聞測。分析人員身體無異味，避免使用香皂、香水、修臉劑等,避免外來氣味對試驗的干擾。聞測高異臭強度樣品后休息15min以上繼續進行分析，當分析人員出現覺疲勞時停止試驗，在無氣味的房間進行休息。 與此同時,取少量水樣放入口中,不要咽下，品嘗水的味道,予以描述,并按六級記錄強度,見表2. 6.1.2.2原水煮沸后的臭和味 將上述錐形瓶內水樣加熱至開始沸騰,立即取下錐形瓶，稍冷后按上法嗅氣和嘗味，用適當的文字加以描述,并按六級記錄其強度,見表2。 7肉眼可見物 7.1直接觀察法 將水樣搖勻，倒入潔凈透明的錐形瓶中在光線明亮處迎光直接觀察，記錄所觀察到的肉眼可見物。 8pH值 8.1玻璃電極法 8.1.1原理 用本方法測定pH值可準確到0.01。 DH值是水中氫離子活度倒數的對數值。水的色度、渾濁度、余氯、氧化劑、還原劑、較高含鹽量均不干擾測定，但在較強的堿性溶液中，當有大量鈉離子存在時會產生誤差,使讀數偏低。 以玻璃電極為指示電極,飽和甘汞電極為參比電極,插入溶液中組成原電池。當氫離子濃度發生變化時，玻璃電極和甘汞電極之間的電動勢也隨之變化,在25C時,每單位pH標度相當于59.1mV電動勢變化值，在儀器上直接以pH的讀數表示。儀器配有溫度差異補償裝置。 8.1.2試劑 除非另有說明,實驗用水為GB/T6682規定的二級水,現用現備 9電導率 9.1電極法 9.1.1原理 電導率是用數字來表示水溶液傳導電流的能力。它與水中礦物質有密切的關系,可用于檢測生活 飲用水及其水源水中溶解性礦物質濃度的變化和估計水中離子化合物的數量。水的電導率與電解質濃度成正比,具有線性關系。水中多數無機鹽以離子狀態存在，是電的良好導體,但是有機物不離解或離解極微弱,導電也很微弱的,因此用電導率不能反映這類污染因素。般天然水的電導率在50S/m~1500S/m之間,含無機鹽高的水可達10000S/cm以上。水中溶解的電解質特性、濃度和水溫與電導率的測定有密切關系。因此，試驗條件和電導儀電極的選擇及安裝可影響測量電導率的精密度和準確度。 10總硬度 10.1乙二胺四乙酸二鈉滴定法 10.1.1最低檢測質量濃度 本方法最低檢測質量0.05mg,若取50mL水樣測定，則最低檢測質量濃度為1.0mg/L。 本方法主要干擾元素鐵、錳、鋁、銅、鎳、鉆等金屬離子能使指示劑褪色或終點不明顯。硫化鈉及氰化鉀可隱蔽重金屬的干擾，鹽酸擇胺可使高鐵離子及高價錳離子還原為低價離子而消除其干擾。 10.1.2原理 水樣中的鈣、鎂離子與鉻黑T指示劑形成紫紅色整合物，這些合物的不穩定常數大于乙二胺四乙酸鈣和鎂鰲合物的不穩定常數。當pH=10時，二胺四之酸二鈉先與鈣離子,再與鎂離子形成整合物，滴定至終點時，溶液呈現出鉻黑T指示劑的純藍色。 10.1.3試劑 11溶解性總固體 11.1稱量法 11.1.1原理 11.1.1.1水樣經過濾后,在一定溫度下烘干,所得的固體殘渣稱為溶解性總固體,包括不易揮發的可溶性鹽類、有機物及能通過濾器的不溶性微粒等。 11.1.1.2烘干溫度一般采用105C3C。但105C的溫度不能徹底除去高礦化水樣中鹽類所含的結晶水。采用180C3C的烘干溫度，可得到較為準確的結果。 11.1.1.3當水樣的溶解性總固體中含有多量氯化鈣、硝酸鈣、氯化鎂、硝酸鎂時，由于這些化合物具有強烈的吸濕性使稱量不能恒定質量，此時可在水樣中加入適量碳酸鈉溶液而得到改進。 12揮發酚類 12.14氨基安替比林三氯甲烷萃取分光光度法 12.1.1最低檢測質量濃度 本方法最低檢測質量為0.5g揮發類(以苯酚計)。若取250L水樣，則其最低檢測質量濃度為0.002mg/L揮發酚類(以苯酚計)。 干擾物及其消除方法:水中還原性硫化物、氧化劑、苯胺類化合物及石油等干擾酚的測定。硫化物經酸化及加人硫酸銅在蒸餾時與揮發酚分離;余氯等氧化劑可在采樣時加人硫酸亞鐵或亞砷酸鈉還原。苯胺類在酸性溶液中形成鹽類不被蒸出。石油可在堿性條件下用有機溶劑萃取后除去。 13陰離子合成洗滌劑 13.1亞甲基藍分光光度法 13.1.1最低檢測質量濃度 本方法用十二烷基苯磺酸鈉作為標準，水樣中陰離子合成洗滌劑最低檢測質量為5g。若取100mL水樣測定，則最低檢測質量濃度為0050mg/L。 能與亞甲基藍反應的物質對本方法均有干擾。酚、有機硫酸鹽、磺酸鹽、磷酸鹽以及大量氯化物(2000mg)硝酸鹽(5000mg)硫氰酸鹽等均可使結果偏高 13.1.2原理 亞甲基藍染料在水溶液中與陰離子合成洗滌劑形成易被有機溶劑萃取的藍色化合物。未反應的亞甲基藍則仍留在水溶液中。根據有機相藍色的強度，測定陰離子合成洗滌劑的含量。