NB/T 47013.3-2023 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing
1 Scope
1.1 This document specifies the ultrasonic testing methods and quality rating requirements for pressure equipment using A-mode pulse reflection method.
1.2 This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of raw materials, parts and components and welded joints made of metallic materials during the production and use of pressure equipment.
1.3 The ultrasonic testing of metallic supports and structural members (including welded joints) related to pressure equipment may also be carried out with reference to this document.
1.4 When the ultrasonic imaging technology combining A-display and other display methods is used for testing, this document may also serve as a reference.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 699 Quality carbon structure steels
GB/T 11259 Non-destructive testing - Practice for fabrication and control of steel reference blocks used in ultrasonic testing
GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Ultrasonic testing
GB/T 27664.1 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 1: Instruments
GB/T 27664.2 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 2: Probes
GB/T 29460 Safety assessment for electrofusion joint of polyethylene pipes containing defects
GB/T 30579 Damage modes identification for pressure equipments
JB/T 8428 Non-destructive testing - General specification for ultrasonic blocks
JB/T 9214 Non-destructive testing - Test methods for evaluating performance characteristics of A-scan pulse-echo ultrasonic testing systems
JB/T 10062 Testing methods for performance of probes used in ultrasonic flaw detection
NB/T 47013.1 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 1: General requirements
NB/T 47013.15 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 15: Phased-array ultrasonic testing
ISO/IEC 17025 Testing and calibration laboratories
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions specified in GB/T 12604.1 and NB/T 47013.1 and the following apply.
3.1
reduction of backwall echo BG/BF
ratio of the first backwall echo BG in the intact area close to the flaw place to the first backwall echo BF within the flaw place during forging inspection, which is expressed by their relative gain value (dB)
3.2
clustered indications
five or more flaw reflection signals existing in a cubic area with a side length of 50mm during forging inspection, whose reflected amplitude is greater than or equal to the equivalent of a specific flat-bottomed hole
3.3
reference sensitivity
sensitivity of regulating the echo height of reference reflector on the reference block or the backwall echo height of the tested workpiece to a certain reference
3.4
evaluation sensitivity
sensitivity adjusted based on the reference sensitivity by considering factors such as surface roughness, curvature and material differences between the reference block and the tested workpiece, which is mainly used for workpiece testing and flaw evaluation
3.5
scanning sensitivity
sensitivity by properly improving the instrument gain (dB value) for actual testing and scanning based on the evaluation sensitivity
3.6
flaw height
distance between the upper and lower ends of the flaw in the thickness direction of the workpiece
3.7
echodynamic patterns
envelope of the reflector echo amplitude change when the probe and the reflector move relatively
3.8
base material thickness, t
a) by raw materials and parts and components:
1) for plates and pipes, t is the nominal thickness;
2) for clad steel plates, t is the nominal thickness of the base;
3) for annular or cylindrical forgings, t is the thickness of the cylindrical body; for cake-shaped or similar forgings, t is the minimum thickness; for other types of forgings, t is generally the dimension in the testing direction, or the dimension along the radial or axial direction.
b) by welded joints:
1) for plate butt welded joints, if the base metal thicknesses at both sides of weld are the same, t is the nominal thickness of base material; if not, t is the nominal thickness of the thinner side of the base material;
2) for plug-in nozzle fillet joints, t is the nominal thickness of the cylinder (or the head or the main pipe); for mounted fillet joints for nozzle and cylinder (or head or main pipe), t is the nominal thickness of nozzle.
3) for T-shaped welded joints, t is the nominal thickness of web.
4 General requirements
4.1 Testing personnel
4.1.1 The general requirements for ultrasonic testing personnel shall comply with NB/T 47013.1.
4.1.2 Besides knowing and grasping the basic theory knowledge and having necessary experience on ultrasonic, the ultrasonic testing personnel shall have a basic knowledge of metallic materials, equipment manufacture and installation, welding, heat treatment, etc., and shall be familiar with the materials, manufacturing processes, acoustic characteristics and the like of the tested workpiece and be able to analyze, judge and handle the problems arising from the test.
4.2 Testing equipment and apparatus
4.2.1 Product quality certificates of ultrasonic testing instruments (hereinafter referred to as "instruments") and probes
The product quality certificate of instruments shall provide at least the following main performance parameters: warm-up time, voltages for low-voltage alarming or low-voltage automatic shutdown, transmitted pulse repetition frequency, effective output impedance, transmitted pulse voltage, transmitted pulse rise time, transmitted pulse width (where square-wave pulse is adopted as transmitted pulse), frequency band of receiving circuit, etc. The product quality certificate of probes shall provide main parameters such as center frequency, bandwidth, impedance or static capacitance, relative pulse echo sensitivity, angle-beam probe acoustic beam performance (including point of incidence or front distance of probe, angle of refraction β or K value of the probe, etc.).
4.2.2 Instrument, probe and their combined performance
4.2.2.1 Instrument
A-scan pulse-echo ultrasonic testing instrument is adopted, and its working frequency range shall be at least 0.5MHz to 10MHz when measured according to -3dB. The performance index of the instrument shall meet the requirements of Annex A, and certification documents issued by a third-party laboratory recognized by ISO/IEC 17025 shall be provided according to the specification and model.
4.2.2.2 Probe
The diameter of circular wafer shall generally not be greater than 40mm, and the length of either side of square wafer shall generally not be greater than 40mm. The performance index of the probe shall meet the requirements of Annex B and certification documents issued by a third-party laboratory recognized by ISO/IEC 17025 shall be provided according to the specification and model.
4.2.2.3 Combined performance of instrument and probe
4.2.2.3.1 The combined performance of instrument and probe includes horizontal linearity, vertical linearity, combined frequency, sensitivity allowance, dead zone (for normal probe only) and far-field resolution.
4.2.2.3.2 The combined performance of instrument and probe shall be determined in case of any of the following situations:
a) ultrasonic testing instruments and/or probes are newly purchased;
b) the main components of the instrument and probe are repaired or replaced;
c) the testing personnel have doubts.
4.2.2.3.3 The horizontal linear deviation shall not exceed 1%, and the vertical linear deviation shall not exceed 5%.
4.2.2.3.4 The deviation between the combined frequency of the instrument and probe and the nominal frequency of the probe shall not be greater than 10%.
4.2.2.3.5 The combined performance of the instrument and the normal probe shall also meet the following requirements:
a) the sensitivity allowance shall not be less than 32dB;
b) under the evaluation sensitivity, the dead zone shall not be greater than 10mm for the probe with a nominal frequency of 5MHz, and not be greater than 15mm for the probe with a nominal frequency of 2.5MHz;
c) the far-field resolution of the normal probe shall not be less than 20dB.
4.2.2.3.6 The combined performance of the instrument and the angle-beam probe shall also meet the following requirements:
a) the sensitivity allowance shall not be less than 42dB;
b) the far-field resolution of the angle-beam probe shall not be less than 12dB.
4.2.2.3.7 The effective sensitivity allowance shall not be less than 10dB when the maximum testing sound path of the workpiece is reached.
4.2.2.3.8 The combined frequency of instrument and probe shall be tested in accordance with JB/T 10062, and other combined performances shall be tested in accordance with JB/T 9214.
4.2.3 Test block
4.2.3.1 Standard block
4.2.3.1.1 The standard block shall be the material block with specified chemical composition, surface roughness, heat treatment and geometric shape, which is used to evaluate and calibrate the performance of instrument probe system. The standard blocks adopted in this document are CSK-IA, DZ-I and DB-P Z20-2.
4.2.3.1.2 The specific geometric shape, dimension and surface roughness of CSK-IA shall meet the requirements of this document, while those of DZ-I and DB-P Z20-2 shall meet the requirements of JB/T 9214.
4.2.3.1.3 The manufacturing and dimensional precision of the standard block shall meet the requirements of JB/T 8428. The manufacturer of the test block shall provide the product quality certificate, and ensure that the maximum reflection amplitude difference of each standard block manufactured by it shall be less than or equal to 2dB when compared with the same reflector (surface) on the national standard sample or similar standard block with value dissemination benchmark under the same test conditions.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
5 Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating of raw materials or parts and components for pressure equipment
6 Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating of welded joints for pressure equipment
7 Ultrasonic measurement of thickness of pressure equipment
8 Ultrasonic testing method for pressure equipment in use
9 Ultrasonic testing records and report
Annex A (Normative) Electrical performance indicator requirements for ultrasonic instrument
Annex B (Normative) Performance indicator requirements for ultrasonic testing probe
Annex C (Normative) Performance requirements for dual-transducer normal-beam probe
Annex D (Normative) Testing method and acceptance criteria for plates for pressure equipment using ultrasonic angle-beam probe
Annex E (Normative) Testing method and quality rating for annular and cylindrical carbon steel and low alloy steel forgings for pressure equipment using ultrasonic angle-beam probe
Annex F (Normative) Testing method for annular and cylindrical austenitic stainless steel forgings for pressure equipment using ultrasonic angle-beam probe
Annex G (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for surfacing layer of pressure equipment
Annex H (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for butt joints of aluminum, aluminum alloy and titanium pressure equipment
Annex I (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for austenitic stainless steel and nickel-based alloy welded joints of pressure equipment
Annex J (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method of curved longitudinal butt joint of pressure equipment
Annex K (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method of curved circumferential butt joint of pressure equipment
Annex L (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method for fillet joint between nozzle and cylinder (or head) of pressure equipment
Annex M (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method for T-shaped welded joints of pressure equipment
Annex N (Normative) Specific requirements for ultrasonic testing of different types of welded joints
Annex O (Normative) CSK-IIIA block
Annex P (Normative) Determination of loss difference in acoustic energy transmission
Annex Q (Normative) Echodynamic patterns
Annex R (Normative) Flaw height determination method (I): Endpoint diffraction wave method
Annex S (Normative) Flaw height determination method (II): End maximum wave height method
Annex T (Normative) Flaw height determination method (III): -6dB-drop technique
Annex U (Informative) Ultrasonic testing method for pressure equipment using imaging technology
