標準編號:	GB 18296-2019
中文名稱:	汽車燃油箱及其安裝的安全性能要求和試驗方法
英文名稱:	Safety property requirements and test methods for automobile fuel tank and its installation
中標分類:	T16
行業分類:	GB    國家標準
ICS分類:	43.060.40 43.060.40    燃油系統 43.060.40
發布機構:	國家市場監督管理總局 國家標準化管理委員會
發布日期:	2019-12-17
實施日期:	2020-7-1
標準狀態:	valid
替代舊標準:	GB 18296-2001 汽車燃油箱安全性能要求和試驗方法
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	13000 字
翻譯價格(元):	300.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. All technical contents of this standard are mandatory. This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in the GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB 18296-2001 Safety Property Requirements and Test Methods for Automobile Fuel Tank. The following the following technical deviations have been made with respect to the GB 18296-2001 (the previous edition): — modification of the standard name as Safety Property Requirements and Test Methods for Automobile Fuel Tank and Its Installation; — modification of the Scope of this standard, which is changed from "This standard specifies the safety property requirements and test methods for gasoline- and diesel-fueled automotive fuel tank" to "This standard specifies the safety property requirements and test methods for automotive liquid fuel tank, as well as the safety requirements for installation on vehicles"; simultaneously, addition of the standard is applicable to vehicles of Category O (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 2001); — addition of the requirements and test methods for overturn test of tank (see 4.1.7 and 5.2); — addition of the fuel permeability requirements and test methods for plastic fuel tank (see 4.1.10 and 5.5); — addition of the fuel resistance requirements and test methods for plastic fuel tank (see 4.1.11 and 5.6); — modification of the fire resistance requirements and test methods for plastic fuel tank (see 4.1.12; 3.10 of Edition 2001); — addition of the safety requirements for fuel tank installation (see 4.2); — deletion of the technical requirements and test methods for vibration of plastic fuel tank (see 3.5 and 4.3 of Edition 2001; — deletion of the requirements and test methods for safety valve opening pressure, and introduction of the automatic pressure compensation devices to to balance the pressure inside and outside the fuel tank (see 3.4 and 4.2 of Edition 2001); The technical content of this standard refers to the ECE R34 Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval Of Vehicles with Regard to Prevention of Fire Risks (Revision 03, 2015). This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. The previous editions of the standards replaced by this standard are as follows: — GB 18926-2001. Safety Property Requirements and Test Methods for Automobile Fuel Tank and Its Installation 1 Scope This standard specifies the safety property requirements and test methods for automotive liquid fuel tank. This standard also specifies the safety requirements for installation of automotive fuel tank on vehicles. This standard is applicable to the metal and plastic fuel tanks for vehicles of Categories M, N and O. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 18352.6-2016 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-duty Vehicles (CHINA 6) 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 automobile fuel tank separate tank assembly fixed to an automobile for fuel storage, which consisting of fuel tank, fuel line, filler hole, cap, pipe joint, and other accessories Note: Hereinafter referred to as fuel tank. 3.2 capacity of the fuel tank filling volume specified by the manufacturer in the fuel tank design parameters Note: Hereinafter referred to as capacity. 3.3 liquid fuel fuel which is liquid in normal conditions of temperature and pressure Note: Hereinafter referred to as fuel. 3.4 leakage of fuel fuel drops in a line or drop from the fuel tank 3.5 fuel permeability loss of fuel caused by molecular diffusion in the fuel tank 3.6 automatic compensating pressure device device for automatically compensating the working pressure or safety pressure of the fuel tank Note: Such as vents, safety valves, etc. 3.7 working pressure of the fuel tank pressure above the liquid level in the fuel tank under normal working conditions Note: Hereinafter referred to as working pressure. 4 Safety Property Requirements 4.1 Fuel tank 4.1.1 The fuel tank shall be corrosion-resistant. 4.1.2 The fuel tank shall be made of fireproof metal materials, or plastic which meets the requirements of this standard. 4.1.3 The fuel tank shall have automatic compensating pressure device (such as vents, safety valves, etc.). 4.1.4 The fuel filler cap must be fixed to the filler pipe. The requirements of this sub-clause will be deemed to be satisfied if provision is made to prevent excess evaporative emissions and fuel spillage caused by a missing fuel filler cap. This may be achieved using one of the following: a) an automatically opening and closing, non-removable fuel filler cap. b) any other provision which has the same effect. Examples may include, but are not limited to, a tether filler cap, a chained filler cap or one utilising the same locking key for the filler cap and for the vehicle's ignition (in this case, the key shall be removable from the filler cap only in the locked condition). However, the use of tethered or chained filler cap by itself is not sufficient for vehicles other than those of categories M1 and N1. 4.1.5 The seal between the cap and the filler pipe must be retained securely in place. The cap must latch securely in place against the seal and filler pipe when closed. 4.1.6 Metal fuel tank shall be subjected to hydraulic test according to 5.1. During the test, the tank shell must not crack or leak; however, it may be permanently deformed. 4.1.7 The fuel must not escape through the tank cap or through the automatic compensating pressure device during normal conditions of use of the vehicle. In the case of overturning of the vehicle, a drip may be tolerated provided that it does not exceed 30 g/min; this requirement must be verified during the test prescribed in 5.2. 4.1.8 Plastic fuel tank shall be subjected to low temperature collision resistance test according to 5.3, the tank shell must not fuel leakage. 4.1.9 Plastic fuel tank shall be subjected to hydraulic test according to 5.4, the tank shell must not crack or leak; however, it may be permanently deformed. 4.1.10 Fuel permeability requirements for plastic fuel tank: a) conduct the test according to 5.5. At a temperature of 40°C ± 2°C, the maximum evaporation loss of fuel is 20 g per 24 h of testing time. If the test with at the temperature of 40°C ± 2°C does not meet the requirements, then the test at a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C must be carried out again. The maximum evaporation loss of fuel is 10 g/24 h. b) if the vehicle assembled with the fuel tank meets the provisions specified in 5.3.4 of GB 18352.6-2016, the fuel tank shall be deemed to meet the requirements of a). 4.1.11 The plastic fuel tank shall be subjected to the fuel resistance test according to 5.6, and shall meet the requirements of 4.1.8 and 4.1.9. 4.1.12 The plastic fuel tank shall be subjected to the fire resistance test according to 5.7, and the tank shall be no leakage of fuel. 4.1.13 The plastic fuel tank shall be subjected to the high temperature resistance test according to 5.8, and the tank shall be no leaking or seriously deformed. 4.1.14 The metal fuel tank shall be subjected to the vibration resistance test according to 5.9, and the tank shall be no leakage of fuel.

Foreword II 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terms and Definitions 4 Safety Property Requirements 4.1 Fuel tank 4.2 Installation of fuel tank 5 Test Methods 5.1 Hydraulic test of metal fuel tank 5.2 Overturn test 5.3 Low temperature collision resistance test of plastic fuel tank 5.4 Hydraulic test of plastic fuel tank 5.5 Fuel permeability test of plastic fuel tank 5.6 Fuel resistance test of plastic fuel tank 5.7 Fire resistance test of plastic fuel tank 5.8 High temperature resistance test of plastic fuel tank 5.9 Vibration resistance test of metal fuel tank 6 Implementation of This Standard Annex A (Normative) Dimensions and Technical Data of Firebrick Annex B (Normative) Fire Resistance Test

汽車燃油箱及其安裝的安全性能要求和試驗方法 1 范圍 本標準規定了裝用液體燃料的汽車燃油箱的安全性能要求和試驗方法。 本標準還規定了汽車燃油箱在車輛上安裝的安全要求。 本標準適用于M、N和O類汽車的金屬燃油箱和塑料燃油箱。 2規范性引用文件 下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB 18352.6—2016 輕型汽車污染物排放限值及測量方法(中國第六階段) 3術語和定義 下列術語和定義適用于本文件。 3.1 汽車燃油箱automobile fuel tank 固定于汽車上用于存貯燃油的獨立箱體總成，由燃油箱體、加油管、加油口、燃油箱蓋、管接頭及其他附屬裝置裝配成的整體。 注：本標準中簡稱燃油箱。 3.2 燃油箱額定容量capacity of the fuel tank 燃油箱設計參數中，由制造廠規定加注燃油的容積。 注：本標準中簡稱額定容量。 3.3 液體燃料liquid fuel 在常溫常壓條件下呈液態的燃料。 注：本標準中簡稱燃油。 3.4 燃油泄漏leakage of fuel 燃油自燃油箱內呈線狀或滴狀下落。 3.5 燃油滲透 fuel permeability 燃油在燃油箱中因分子擴散作用而導致燃油損失。 3.6 壓力自動補償裝置 automatic compensating pressure device 對燃油箱的工作壓力或安全壓力進行自動補償的裝置。 注：如通氣閥、安全閥等。 3.7 燃油箱工作壓力working pressure of the fuel tank 車輛正常使用條件下，燃油箱內液面上方的壓力。 注：本標準中簡稱工作壓力。 4安全性能要求 4.1 燃油箱 4.1.1燃油箱應耐腐蝕。 4.1.2燃油箱應用防火金屬材料制成，也可以用滿足本標準要求的塑料制成。 4.1.3燃油箱應有壓力自動補償裝置(如通氣閥、安全閥等)。 4.1.4燃油箱蓋應能固定到加油管上。在燃油箱蓋丟失情況下，如果有用于防止燃油過量蒸發和燃油溢出的措施，則認為滿足本條要求。具體可采用以下方法： a)一個自動開閉的非拆卸式燃油箱蓋； b)任何有相同效果的其他措施。例如(包括但不限于)，拉帶式燃油箱蓋、鎖鏈式燃油箱蓋等，或者使用與點火鑰匙相同鑰匙的燃油箱蓋(此種情況下，只有當燃油箱蓋鎖上時，才可以把鑰匙從燃油箱上拔出)。但對于非M1、N1類車輛，只用拉帶式燃油箱蓋或鎖鏈式燃油箱蓋一種措施是不夠的。 4.1.5 燃油箱蓋與加油口之間的密封應牢固可靠。當鎖止時，燃油箱蓋應把密封墊壓緊在加油管上。 4.1.6金屬燃油箱按5.1進行耐壓試驗，不應出現裂紋或泄漏，但可以有永久性變形。 4.1.7車輛正常使用過程中，燃油不應從燃油箱蓋溢出，也不應從壓力自動補償裝置溢出。按5.2進行翻轉試驗時，燃油箱蓋允許有燃油泄漏，但泄漏速度不應超過30 g/min，汽油燃油箱蓋不應有燃油泄漏。 4.1.8 塑料燃油箱按5.3低溫耐撞擊性能試驗，不應有燃油泄漏。 4.1.9塑料燃油箱按5.4進行耐壓試驗，不應出現裂紋或泄漏，但可以有永久性變形。 4.1.1 0塑料燃油箱燃油滲透性要求： a)按5.5進行試驗，在環境溫度為40℃±2℃時，燃油蒸發量不應大于20 g/24 h；如果環境溫度為40℃±2℃的試驗不滿足要求，則再進行環境溫度為23℃±2℃的試驗，燃油蒸發量不應大于10 g/24 h。 b)若燃油箱所裝配的整車滿足GB 18352.6—2016中5.3.4的規定，則認為該燃油箱滿足a)的要求。 4.1.11塑料燃油箱按5.6進行耐燃油性試驗，應滿足4.1.8和4.1.9的要求。 4.1.12塑料燃油箱按5.7進行耐火性能試驗，不應有燃油泄漏。 4.1.13塑料燃油箱按5.8進行耐高溫性能試驗，不應有燃油泄漏或嚴重變形。 4.1.14金屬燃油箱按5.9進行振動耐久性試驗，不應有燃油泄漏。 4.2燃油箱的安裝 4.2.1 燃油箱各部件應被車身或車架部件適當地保護起來，以防止與地面障礙物發生接觸。如果位于燃油箱前部的車身或車架底部部件的離地間隙小于燃油箱部件的離地間隙，可視為一種保護措施。 4.2.2燃油箱的管路及其他部件均應安裝在車輛上盡可能安全的位置。任何扭轉、彎曲、車輛結構件或者驅動部件的振動均不應對燃油箱各部件產生摩擦、擠壓或其他任何不正常的應力。 4.2.3軟管與燃油箱上剛性部件間連接件的設計和構造，應保證其在車輛各種使用條件下，無論是扭轉、彎曲，還是車輛結構件或驅動部件的振動，都不會發生泄漏。 4.2.4 加油口不應位于乘員艙、行李廂或發動機艙內。 4.2.5如果加油口布置在車輛側面，燃油箱蓋處于關閉狀態時，不應凸出相鄰車身或貨廂表面。 4.2.6通氣孔的設計應防火災。尤其是在加油時可能發生的任何燃油泄漏都不應落到排氣系統上，而應導向地面。 4.2.7燃油箱不應位于乘員艙內，不應作為乘員艙的一個面(地板、側壁、前圍板)，也不應同其他艙組成一體。 4.2.8燃油箱和乘員艙之間應有隔板。隔板可以有孔隙(如用于布置線束)，其布置應保證在正常使用時燃油不應從燃油箱流向乘員艙或其他艙體內。 4.2.9 燃油箱的安裝應固定可靠，以保證在正常使用時從燃油箱或其附件中泄漏出的燃油流向地面，而不應流進乘員艙。 4.2.10燃油箱附近不應有凸起物、銳邊等。 4.2.11 燃油箱及其附件的設計和安裝應避免任何靜電引起的火災。對于裝用閃點在55℃以下燃油的燃油箱，應采取必要的放電措施。 5試驗方法 5.1 金屬燃油箱耐壓試驗 燃油箱按正常使用情況安裝所有附件。往燃油箱注入額定容量的非可燃性液體(如水)。封堵燃油箱與外部的所有通口，通過燃油箱輸油管往里緩慢加壓，直至工作壓力的2倍，任何情況下不應小于80 kPa，保持壓力30 s。 檢查記錄燃油箱的泄漏及變形情況。 5.2翻轉試驗 5.2.1 將燃油箱本體及其所有附件，包括壓力自動補償裝置，按其在車上的安裝方式固定于試驗臺架上。 5.2.2燃油箱應繞與車輛縱軸平行的軸線旋轉。 5.2.3試驗應進行兩次，一次往燃油箱加注至額定容量90％的試驗用液體，另一次往燃油箱加注額定容量30％的試驗用液體。試驗用液體為非易燃性液體，其黏度和密度與正常使用的燃油相近(可以用水)。 5.2.4燃油箱從其安裝位置向右轉動90°，在此位置保持至少5 min。然后沿此方向繼續轉動90°，在此完全翻轉的位置保持至少5 min。回正燃油箱，排出沒能從通氣孔流回燃油箱的試驗用液體，如有必要可補充添加。再以相反的方向向左轉動燃油箱90°，在此位置保持至少5 min。然后沿此方向繼續轉動90°，在此完全翻轉的位置保持至少5 min。 翻轉速度：每一個90°的轉角，轉動時間為1 min～3 min。 檢查記錄燃油箱的泄漏情況。 5.3 塑料燃油箱低溫耐撞擊性能試驗 5.3.1 把水和乙二醇混合溶液或者無腐蝕性的低冰點溶液注入燃油箱至額定容量。 5.3.2 試驗期間，燃油箱內溶液的溫度保持在-40℃±2℃。 5.3.3 采用擺錘試驗裝置進行試驗。擺錘要求如下： a)擺錘的總質量(包含角錘)為15 kg； b)角錘的要求：材料為鋼質，形狀為角錐形，正方形基座，等邊三角形側面，頂部和各個棱邊圓角半徑為3 mm； c)擺錘的撞擊中心與角錘的重心重合，撞擊中心與回轉軸之間的距離為1 m； d)在試驗過程中，角錘的撞擊能量至少為30 J，并盡可能地接近該值。 5.3.4選擇燃油箱上易受撞擊的部位進行試驗。易受撞擊的部位指燃油箱在整車安裝狀態下暴露在外的較薄弱的部位。試驗前選擇的撞擊部位都應做標記，并在試驗報告中標示。 5.3.5試驗過程中，應在燃油箱被撞擊面的對面一側用固定裝置將燃油箱固定住。 5.3.6可以在同一個燃油箱上進行所有的撞擊試驗，也可以分別在不同的燃油箱上進行各個撞擊試驗。 檢查記錄燃油箱的泄漏情況。 5.4塑料燃油箱耐壓試驗 將燃油箱模擬裝車形式固定在試驗裝置上，保持53℃±2℃的環境溫度，往燃油箱中加入53℃±2℃的水，達到額定容量，蓋好燃油箱蓋，密封好所有進、出口，向燃油箱內施加工作壓力2倍的壓力，任何情況下不應小于30 kPa，保持壓力5 h。 檢查記錄燃油箱的泄漏及變形情況。 5.5 塑料燃油箱燃油滲透性試驗 5.5.1 試驗用油為GB 18352.6—2016規定的基準燃油，或現行汽車排放試驗用基準燃油。裝用壓燃式發動機的車輛的燃油箱應用柴油，裝用點燃式發動機的車輛的燃油箱應用汽油。 5.5.2試驗前預處理：往燃油箱中注入試驗燃油，達到額定容量的50％。不密封燃油箱，存放在溫度為40℃±2℃的環境下，直至單位時間內的燃油損失量達到穩定狀態，但不超過4周。 5.5.3清空燃油箱，注入新的試驗燃油，達到額定容量的50％，密封燃油箱，存放在溫度為40℃±2℃的環境下。當燃油箱的內部溫度達到試驗溫度時，釋放燃油箱內部壓力。試驗周期為8周，測量燃油蒸發量。確定每24 h的平均燃油蒸發量。 5.5.4如果按照5.5.3的試驗方法，燃油蒸發量超過4.1.10中規定的指標，則將環境溫度調為23℃±2℃，在同一個燃油箱上按同樣的試驗方法重做試驗。 5.6塑料燃油箱耐燃油性試驗 燃油箱在完成5.5中的滲透性試驗之后，再分別進行一次5.3的低溫耐撞擊試驗和5.4的耐壓試驗。 檢查記錄燃油箱的泄漏情況。