標準編號:	GB 55005-2021
中文名稱:	木結構通用規范
英文名稱:	General code for timber structures
行業分類:	GB    國家標準
發布機構:	中華人民共和國住房和城鄉建設部 國家市場監督管理總局
發布日期:	2021-04-12
實施日期:	2022-1-1
標準狀態:	valid
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	48000 字
翻譯價格(元):	2000.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. In order to adapt to the general rules of international technical regulations and technical standards, since 2016, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has successively issued documents such as Opinions on Furthering the Reform of Standardization of Engineering Construction, which put forward the long-term goal for the government to develop mandatory standards and for social organizations to develop voluntary standards and define the reform task of gradually replacing the mandatory provisions scattered in current standards with full-text mandatory engineering construction codes, gradually forming a "technical regulations" system composed of technical provisions in laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules and full-text mandatory engineering construction codes. About the types of codes. The mandatory engineering construction code system covers all kinds of construction projects in the field of engineering construction, namely, engineering project codes (hereinafter referred to as project codes) and general technical codes (hereinafter referred to as general codes). A project code takes the whole engineering construction project as the object, with five major factors, namely, project scale, layout, function, performance and key technical measures, as the main content. A general code takes the general technology of each discipline to meet the function and performance requirements of the engineering construction project as the object, with the general technical requirements such as survey, design, construction, repair and maintenance as the main content. In the full-text mandatory engineering construction code system, the project codes are the core, while the general codes specify the common and general professional key technical measures for all kinds of projects. About the five major factor indicators. The factors in the mandatory engineering construction codes are the basic provisions to ensure the systematization and efficiency improvement of urban and rural infrastructure construction, and the basic requirements to support the high-quality development of urban and rural construction. The scale requirements for a project mainly stipulate that a construction project shall have complete production or service capacity and shall adapt to the level of economic and social development. The layout requirements for the project mainly stipulate the industrial layout, site selection, overall design, general layout and integrated technical requirements coordinated with the scale for the construction project. Reasonable distribution of supply capacity shall be considered to improve the overall level of related facilities construction. The function requirements of the project mainly stipulate the composition and purpose of the project and clarify the basic components of the project, which are the guarantee for the project to play its expected role. The performance requirements of the project mainly stipulate the construction level or technical level of the construction project, reflect the applicability of the construction project, and define the basic levels that the project shall achieve in the aspects of quality, safety, energy conservation, environmental protection, livable environment and sustainable development. Key technical measures are the basic technical regulations for realizing the function and performance requirements of a construction project, and they are the basic guarantee for achieving the development goals of urban and rural construction such as safety, green, resilience, wisdom, livability, fairness and efficiency. About the implementation of codes. Mandatory engineering construction codes have mandatory binding force, which specify the control requirements and bottom lines for ensuring people's life and property safety, personal health, engineering safety, ecological environment safety, public rights and interests as well as promoting energy and resource conservation and meeting economic and social management, and they must be strictly implemented in the whole process of construction activities such as survey, design, construction, acceptance, repair, maintenance and demolition of engineering construction projects. For existing building renovation projects (where existing use functions are not changed), the stringency of the code implemented shall not be inferior to that implemented in construction if the conditions are not available and it is really difficult to implement the current codes. The voluntary engineering construction standards matching with the mandatory engineering construction codes are mature technical measures that have been tested by practice and guarantee to meet the requirements of the mandatory codes, and they shall also be implemented under normal circumstances. On the premise of meeting the project function and performance requirements and key technical measures stipulated in mandatory engineering construction codes, relevant group standards and enterprise standards may be reasonably selected to optimize the project function and performance or improve their levels. Voluntary engineering construction standards, group standards and enterprise standards shall be coordinated and match with mandatory engineering construction codes, and all technical requirements shall not be lower than the relevant technical levels of mandatory engineering construction codes. After the implementation of a mandatory engineering construction code, the mandatory provisions in the current national standards and professional standards for relevant engineering construction shall be abolished at the same time. The mandatory provisions in the current provincial standards for engineering construction shall be revised in time, and shall not be less stringent than the provisions of the mandatory engineering construction codes. If the relevant provisions in current engineering construction standards (including mandatory and voluntary ones), are inconsistent with those of the mandatory engineering construction codes, the provisions of the mandatory engineering construction codes shall prevail. ? Contents 1 General provisions 1 2 Basic requirements 2 3 Materials 4 4 Design 6 4.1 Structural systems 6 4.2 Design of members 7 4.3 Design of connections 8 4.4 Seismic and wind-resistant design 9 5 Protection and fire protection 11 5.1 Waterproof and moisture-proof measures 11 5.2 Termite protection 11 5.3 Decay/corrosion prevention 13 5.4 Fire protection 14 6 Construction and acceptance 15 7 Maintenance and demolition 17 1 General provisions 1.0.1 This code is formulated to ensure the quality and safety of timber structure engineering, implement the policies of resource conservation and environmental protection, ensure the safety of people's lives and property and personal health, and improve the sustainable development level of timber structure engineering. 1.0.2 For timber structure engineering, this code must be implemented. 1.0.3 Whether the technical methods and measures adopted in the engineering construction meet the requirements of this code shall be judged by the relevant responsibility subjects. Innovative technical methods and measures shall be demonstrated and meet the performance requirements in this code. ? 2 Basic requirements 2.0.1 The safety level of any timber structure and its members shall be at least of Level 3. Where the safety levels of the structure members and components are inconsistent with that of the structure, they shall be clearly indicated in the design documents. 2.0.2 The design service life of a timber structure shall meet the following requirements: 1 It shall not be less than 50 years for the timber structure of a building or structure; 2 It shall not be less than 30 years for the timber structure of a bridge; 3 It shall not be less than 25 years for structure members and components that are easy to replace; 4 If the design service life of members and components of a timber structure is less than that of the structure, it shall be clearly indicated in the design documents, and the connection structures that are easy to replace shall be used. 2.0.3 The performance of a timber structure within its design service life shall meet the following requirements: 1 The structure shall be able to withstand various actions that may occur in normal construction and normal use; 2 The structure shall be able to meet the requirements for the intended use of the structure and its structure members; 3 The durability of the material shall allow the structure to resist the long-term damage from both itself and natural environment; 4 In the case of a fire, the structure shall maintain sufficient bearing capacity and overall stability within the specified time; 5 If an accident such as explosion, impact, rare earthquake or human error occurs, the structure shall maintain the overall stability. 2.0.4 The use and maintenance of a timber structure within its design service life shall meet the following requirements: 1 Without technical appraisal or design permission, the functions and use conditions specified in the design shall not be changed; ? 2 For matters that may affect the safety and durability of the main structure, a regular testing and maintenance system shall be established; 3 Members, nodes, supports, anchorages and components that must be replaced according to the design regulations shall be replaced in time; 4 The protective layers on the surface of the members shall be maintained or replaced as required; 5 In the case of visible deformation or any durability defects in the structure and its members, nodes and supports, repair and reinforcement shall be conducted in time; 6 In the case of an earthquake within fortification intensity or any earthquake disaster or fire above that intensity, the overall structure shall be appraised, and only after it is treated according to the appraisal opinions can it continue to be used. 2.0.5 The design, construction, supervision, testing, supervision and other work of timber structure engineering shall be subject to unified measurement standards; during the construction of a timber structure, the structural bearing capacity and stability in each construction process and stage shall be subjected to checking calculation. ? 3 Materials 3.0.1 Timber structures shall be made of square timber, log, sawn timber and engineered wood products with clear material grades or strength grades. 3.0.2 The moisture content of structural lumber shall meet the requirements of design, manufacture and installation of the timber structures. 3.0.3 The design strength of structural lumber shall meet the following requirements: 1 The design strength of structural lumber shall be determined by the standard strength and the partial safety factor for resistance, and the influence of load duration on the lumber strength shall be taken into account; 2 The partial safety factor for resistance shall be determined according to the target reliability index and the deviation coefficient of tenacity of the lumber. 3.0.4 The strength design index of structural lumber shall be adjusted according to the size of timber members, service conditions, design service life and other factors of the structure. 3.0.5 The steel used in a timber structure shall meet the following requirements: 1 The steel shall be provided with assurance of conformity for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture and content of carbon, sulfur and phosphorus; 2 The steel used for the welded structures requiring fatigue checking calculation shall be provided with assurance of conformity for impact ductility; 3 The steel with lamellar tearing resistance in the thickness direction required by the design shall be provided with assurance of conformity for reduction of area; 4 During seismic design, the yield ratio and elongation after fracture of steel shall meet the requirements for plastic design of steel structure. 3.0.6 Metal connectors used in a timber structure shall not only meet the requirements of 3.0.5, but also be provided with product quality certificates, and cast steel connectors shall also be provided with assurance of conformity for reduction of area. Stainless steel connectors shall also be provided with assurance of conformity for nominal yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and the content of carbon, nickel, chromium and molybdenum. 3.0.7 The type of structural adhesive shall meet the requirements of the service environment, and its bonding performance shall meet the strength and durability indexes required in the design. 3.0.8 The fiber, matrix material and interface bonding performance used in timber structure improvement or reinforcement shall meet the requirements of strength, durability and ambient temperature and humidity.

1 General provisions 2 Basic requirements 3 Materials 4 Design 4.1 Structural systems 4.2 Design of members 4.3 Design of connections 4.4 Seismic and wind-resistant design 5 Protection and fire protection 5.1 Waterproof and moisture-proof measures 5.2 Termite protection 5.3 Decay/corrosion prevention 5.4 Fire protection 6 Construction and acceptance 7 Maintenance and demolition

1 總則 1.0.1 為保障木結構工程質量安全，落實資源節約和環境保護政策，保證人民群眾生命財產安全和人身健康，提升木結構工程可持續發展水平，制定本規范。 1.0.2 木結構工程必須執行本規范。 1.0.3 工程建設所采用的技術方法和措施是否符合本規范要求，由相關責任主體判定。其中，創新性的技術方法和措施，應進行論證并符合本規范中有關性能的要求。 2 基本規定 2.0.1 木結構及其構件的安全等級不應小于三級。當結構構件、 部件與結構的安全等級不一致時，應在設計文件中明確標明。 2.0.2 木結構設計工作年限應符合下列規定： 1 建(構)筑物結構不應小于50年； 2 橋梁結構不應小于30年； 3 易于替換的結構構件、部件不應小于25年； 4 當木結構構件、部件設計工作年限低于結構的設計工作年限時，應在設計文件中明確標明，且應采用易于更換的連接構造。 2.0.3 在設計工作年限內，木結構性能應符合下列規定： 1 能夠承受在正常施工和正常使用過程中可能出現的各種作用； 2 能夠滿足結構和結構構件的預定使用要求； 3 材料的耐久性應滿足抵抗自身和自然環境雙重因素長期破壞作用的能力； 4 當發生火災時，結構應在規定的時間內保持足夠的承載力和整體穩固性； 5 當發生可能遭遇的爆炸、撞擊、罕遇地震、人為錯誤等偶然事件時，結構應保持整體穩固性。 2.0.4 在設計工作年限內，木結構使用維護應符合下列規定： 1 未經技術鑒定或設計許可，不應改變設計規定的功能和使用條件； 2 對可能影響主體結構安全性和耐久性的事項，應建立定期檢測、維護制度； 3 按設計規定必須更換的構件、節點、支座、錨具、部件等應及時進行更換； 4 構件表面的防護層，應按規定進行維護或更換； 5 結構及構件、節點及支座等出現可見的變形和耐久性缺陷時，應及時進行修復加固； 6 遇設防地震及以上地震災害、火災后，應對整體結構進行鑒定，并應按鑒定意見進行處理后方可繼續使用。 2.0.5 木結構工程的設計、施工、監理、檢測、監督等工作應統一計量標準；木結構施工時，應對各施工工序階段的結構承載力和穩定性進行驗算。 3 材料 3.0.1 木結構應采用具有明確的材質等級或強度等級的方木、原木、鋸材和工程木產品。 3.0.2 結構用木材的含水率應符合木結構設計、制作與安裝要求。 3.0.3 結構用木材的強度設計值應符合下列規定： 1 結構用木材的強度設計值應通過強度標準值和抗力分項系數確定，并應計入荷載持續作用時間對木材強度的影響； 2 抗力分項系數應根據目標可靠指標和木材強度變異系數進行確定。 3.0.4 結構用木材的強度設計指標應根據木構件的尺寸、使用條件、結構設計工作年限等因素進行調整。 3.0.5 木結構中采用的鋼材應符合下列規定： 1 鋼材應具有抗拉強度、屈服強度、斷后伸長率和碳、硫、磷含量的合格保證； 2 需要驗算疲勞的焊接結構用鋼材應具有沖擊韌性合格保證； 3 設計要求厚度方向抗層狀撕裂性能的鋼材應具有斷面收縮率合格保證； 4 進行抗震設計時，鋼材的屈強比和斷后伸長率應滿足鋼結構塑性設計的要求。 3.0.6 木結構中采用的金屬連接件，除了應符合本規范第3.0.5條的要求外，還應提供產品質量合格證書，鑄鋼連接件尚應具有斷面收縮率的合格保證。不銹鋼連接件尚應具有名義屈服強度、抗拉強度、伸長率和碳、鎳、鉻、鉬等含量的合格保證。 3.0.7 結構用膠粘劑類型應滿足使用環境要求，且其膠合性能應滿足設計要求的強度和耐久性指標。 3.0.8 木結構增強或加固中使用的纖維、基體材料及界面粘結性能應滿足強度、耐久性和環境溫濕度要求。 4 設計 4.1 結構體系 4.1.1 結構分析應符合下列規定： 1 結構分析模型應反映結構的實際受力狀態，構件間連接、結構與基礎連接的力-變形關系選取應合理；結構分析模型的確定應基于力學原理和工程經驗，或經過試驗驗證。 2 動力分析中應計人相關結構構件及其質量、強度、剛度和阻尼比，以及對動力分析結果產生影響的非結構構件。 4.1.2 木結構按承載能力極限狀態設計時，應符合下列規定： 1 應進行結構構件和連接的承載力計算； 2 結構構件和連接的承載力計算應考慮不同的使用條件； 3 有抗震設防要求時，應進行抗震設計； 4 應進行結構抗傾覆驗算； 5 對于可能遭受偶然作用導致結構倒塌的重要結構，應進行抗連續倒塌設計； 6 木結構橋梁應進行持久設計狀況、短暫設計狀況、偶然設計狀況、地震設計狀況下的承載能力極限狀態計算，木結構公路橋尚應進行構件和連接的疲勞驗算。 4.1.3 木結構按正常使用極限狀態設計時，應符合下列規定： 1 受彎構件應進行變形驗算； 2 對舒適度有要求的樓蓋結構，應進行振動舒適度驗算； 3 在地震作用和風荷載作用下，應進行結構層問位移驗算； 4 木結構橋梁應進行持久狀況下的正常使用極限狀態驗算。 4.2 構件設計 4.2.1 軸心受力構件和偏心受力構件應進行強度計算，軸心受壓構件和壓彎構件尚應進行穩定驗算，應保證構件滿足強度和穩定性要求。 4.2.2 受彎構件應進行抗彎強度、抗剪強度、穩定和變形等計算，對于有切口的受彎構件，尚應進行切口處的強度計算，應滿足安全使用的需要。 4.2.3 受彎構件的集中荷載作用處和構件支承處的橫紋受壓區，應進行局部承壓強度計算，保證安全。 4.2.4 木結構剪力墻設計應符合下列規定： 1 對承受豎向荷載作用或平面外荷載作用的剪力墻，應進行剪力墻正截面承載力計算和穩定驗算； 2 對承受平面內水平荷載作用的剪力墻，應進行抗剪強度計算、穩定驗算、抗傾覆驗算和變形驗算； 3 剪力墻與樓蓋、屋蓋、基礎之間的連接應進行抗剪設計和傾覆荷載作用下的抗拔設計。 4.2.5 樓(屋面)板設計應符合下列規定： 1 應進行豎向荷載作用下的承載力驗算和變形計算； 2 除方木、原木結構外，應進行平面內荷載作用下的承載力計算。 4.2.6 不符合構造設計法的輕型木結構剪力墻、橫隔應根據計算結果進行設計。 4.2.7 木結構橋梁的構件設計應符合下列規定： 1 應進行橋面體系、橋梁構件的強度計算，并應進行橋面板抗彎強度和抗剪強度計算； 2 構件應進行穩定性驗算，公路橋木構件尚應進行疲勞驗算。 4.3 連接設計 4.3.1 木結構連接應牢固、可靠，并應符合下列規定： 1 應受力簡單、傳力明確； 2 計算模型應與實際情況相符； 3 當計算模型不明確時，應通過試驗或工程經驗確定； 4 當木結構連接部位存在橫紋拉應力時，應計其不利影響。 4.3.2 在順紋受力的銷連接抗剪承載力計算中，應計順紋方向同排緊固件之間的不均勻受力的影響。 4.3.3 當木結構連接設計中考慮節點半剛性時，在整體結構分析中應以節點的彎矩-轉角關系為計算依據，彎矩-轉角關系應由試驗或經試驗驗證的數值模擬確定。 4.3.4 木結構公路橋的連接應進行疲勞驗算。 4.4 抗震抗風設計 4.4.1 對于3層及3層以下的輕型木結構建筑，當符合下列條件時，其抗震、抗風設計應允許采用構造設計法： 1 建筑物每層面積不大于600m2，層高不大于3.6m； 2 樓面活荷載標準值不大于2.5kN/m2；屋面活荷載標準值不大于0.5kN/m2； 3 建筑物屋面坡度不小于1：12且不大于1：1；縱墻上檐口懸挑長度不大于1.2m；山墻上檐口懸挑長度不大于0.4m； 4 承重構件的凈跨距不大于12.0m。 4.4.2 高層木結構及高層木混合結構應考慮重力二階效應的不利影響。 4.4.3 當抗震設防烈度為8度或9度時，木結構設計應同時考慮豎向地震作用的荷載效應組合。 4.4.4 當上部木結構、下部為其他結構的木混合結構連接處進行強度、局部承壓和抗拉拔作用的抗震計算時，應將地震作用引起的側向力和傾覆力矩乘以不小于1.2的放大系數。 4.4.5 抗震設計時，當木框架支撐結構和木框架剪力墻結構中各層框架總剪力小于底部總剪力的20％時，各層框架所承擔的地震剪力的取值不應小于下列規定中的較小值： 1 結構底部總剪力的25％； 2 框架部分各樓層地震剪力最大值的1.8倍。 4.4.6 木結構構件進行抗風設計應符合下列規定： 1 主體結構計算時，風荷載作用面積應取垂直于風向的最大投影面積； 2 對于輕型木結構，在驗算屋蓋與下部結構連接處的節點連接承載力時，應對風荷載引起的上拔力乘以1.2的放大系數； 3 當結構自重不足以抵抗由風荷載產生的傾覆時，應采取抗傾覆措施。 5 防護與防火 5.1 防水防潮 5.1.1 木結構中易受水分和潮氣侵蝕的部位應采取防水和防潮等構造措施，并應符合下列規定： 1 當木結構構件與砌體或混凝土接觸時，應在接觸面設置防潮層； 2 桁架和梁的支座節點或其他承重木構件不應封閉在墻體內； 3 木構件不應直接砌入砌體中，或澆筑在混凝土中； 4 在木結構隱蔽部位應設置通風孔洞。 5.1.2 結構用木材在運輸、存放和施工過程中應采取避免雨淋和濕氣影響的保護措施。 5.1.3 木結構建筑外墻防護板和外墻防水膜之間應設置排水通風空氣層，有效空隙不應小于排水通風空氣層總空隙的70％，空隙開口處應采取防生物危害的措施。 5.1.4 木結構建筑物室外地坪周圍應設置排水措施，地下室和底層架空層應采取防水及防潮措施；當建筑物底層采用木樓蓋時，木構件的底部距離室外地坪的高度不應小于300mm。 5.1.5 在門窗洞口、屋面、屋頂露臺和陽臺等部位均應采取防水、防潮和排水的構造措施；在外墻開洞處應采取防開裂與防滲水、浸水構造措施。 5.2 防白蟻危害 5.2.1 木結構建筑受白蟻危害的區域劃分應根據白蟻危害程度按表5.2.1確定。 表5.2.1 白蟻危害區域劃分 白蟻危害區域等級 白蟻危害程度 Z1 低危害地帶 Z2 中等危害地帶，無白蟻 Z3 中等危害地帶，有白蟻 Z4 嚴重危害地帶，有白蟻 5.2.2 當木結構建筑施工現場位于白蟻危害區域等級為Z2、Z3和Z4區域內時，木結構建筑的施工應符合下列規定： 1 施工前應對場地周圍的樹木和土壤進行白蟻檢查和滅蟻工作； 2 應清除地基土中已有的白蟻巢穴和潛在的白蟻棲息地； 3 地基開挖時應徹底清除樹樁、樹根和其他埋在土壤中的木材； 4 施工木模板、廢木材、紙質品及其他有機垃圾，應及時清理干凈； 5 進入現場的木材、其他林產品、土壤和綠化用樹木，均應進行白蟻檢疫，施工時不應采用任何受白蟻感染的材料； 6 應按設計要求做好防治白蟻的其他各項措施。 5.2.3 當木結構建筑位于白蟻危害區域等級為Z3和Z4區域內時，木結構建筑應符合下列規定： 1 直接與土壤接觸的基礎和外墻，應采用混凝土或磚石結構； 2 當無地下室時，底層地面應采用混凝土結構； 3 由地下通往室內的設備電纜縫隙、管道孔縫隙、基礎頂面與底層混凝土地坪之間的接縫，應采用防白蟻物理屏障或土壤化學屏障進行局部處理； 4 外墻的排水通風空氣層開口處應設置連續的防蟲網，防蟲網隔柵孔徑應小于1mm； 5 當地基的外排水層或外保溫絕熱層高出室外地坪時，應采取局部防白蟻處理技術措施。 5.2.4 在白蟻危害區域等級為Z3和Z4的地區應采用防白蟻土壤化學處理和白蟻誘餌系統等防蟲措施。土壤化學處理和白蟻誘餌系統應使用對人體和環境無害的藥劑。 5.2.5 當木結構建筑位于白蟻危害區域等級為Z4區域時，結構用木材應使用防腐處理木材。