Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization — Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document was proposed by the Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Sporting Goods of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 291).
?
Introduction
Since the successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing and Zhang Jiakou, Beijing, Hebei, Changchun, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other provinces have issued implementation opinions on ice and snow sports. More diverse ice and snow activities held around the country and people's growing enthusiasm for participating in ice and snow sports have provided great opportunities for the further prosperity of ice and snow sports. At the same time, it is common to get injured in the eye and face in ice and snow sports, and even minor injuries will cause changes in patients' lifestyles. Statistics show that people who have common sense of eye protection and protect their eyes in sports have an injury rates in the eye and face 24% fewer than those without eye protection. Taking proper protective measures for eye and face during snow and ice sports can reduce injuries severity and protect users' personal safety.
This document provides index requirements for ski goggles applicable to Chinese facial characteristics, and regulates the ski goggles test methods used by enterprises and testing institutions, so as to enhance the competitiveness of relevant domestic products in the international market, and promote the international trade, on the premise of protecting human eyes and face, based on the current production, sales and use of ski goggles in China, with reference to the measurement methods specified in the existing domestic standards and the international and foreign advanced standards (such as EU standard EN 174-2001, American standard ASTM F659-2010 and international draft standard ISO/FDIS 18527-1).
Personal protective equipment — Eye and face protection for sports use — Ski goggles
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements and test methods for goggles used for skiing among eye and face protectors classified as personal protective equipment (hereinafter referred to as “ski goggles”).
This document is applicable to ski goggles used for skiing.
This document is not applicable to sunglasses, goggles capable of vision correction and goggles for snowmobiles.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2410-2008 Determination of the luminous transmittance and haze of transparent plastics
GB 13511.1-2011 Assembled spectacles — Part 1: Single-vision and multifocal
GB 13511.2-2011 Assembled spectacles — Part 2: Progressive power
GB 14866 The specifications for personal eye-protectors
GB/T 32166.2-2015 Personal protective equipment — Eye and face protection — Occupational eye and face protectors — Part 2: Test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
design reference point
one or more points specified by the manufacturer on the processed surface of the ocular blank or on the surface of unassembled ocular
Note: Its design specifications are applicable to these points. The technical parameters may only apply to the ocular in the “as-worn” position——for example, when the ocular is added with prism to compensate the face angle.
3.2
reference points (for testing)
points on the ocular specified by the manufacturer (of unassembled binocular)
Note 1: These are design reference points on the specified optical axis relative to the measuring instrument. In the absence of any specific explanation, the distances from the reference point R (for testing) to the tangent lines at the bottom and top of the ocular are equal, which is located on the symmetrical vertical dividing lines of both oculars, and the pupillary distance between the two R points on the headform is shown in Figure 1.
Note 2: Generally, the values of dioptre and prismatic deviation measured on the surface of ocular may be different from those measured in the specified direction relative to the line of sight, because the angles of incident light passing through the ocular may be different.
Keys:
b——the distance between the tangent lines at the bottom and top of the ocular;
PD——the specified pupillary distance;
R——the reference point.
Figure 1 Reference points for unassembled binocular
3.3
transmittance
ratio of the transmission radiation or luminous flux of the material to the incident luminous flux under given conditions when the spectral composition, polarization and incident radiation in geometric distribution are given
Note: It is generally expressed by τ.
3.4
spectral transmittance
ratio of the spectral transmission radiation or luminous flux of the material to the incident spectral radiation or luminous flux at the specified wavelength λ
Note: Spectral transmittance is generally expressed as τF(λ). See GB/T 30042-2013, 4.7 and 4.4 for the definitions of spectral radiation and luminous flux.
3.5
solar UV transmittance
weighted average of spectral transmittance with the spectral power distribution ES(λ) of solar radiation with air mass (AM) 2 at sea level and the relative effectiveness function S(λ) for UV radiation as weights, in the spectral range of 280 nm ~ 380 nm
Note 1: The solar UV transmittance is τSUV, which is usually expressed as a percentage and calculated using Equation (1):
(1)
where,
λ——the wavelength of UV radiation at nanometer level;
τF(λ)——the spectral transmittance of ski goggles;
ES(λ)——the spectral power distribution of solar radiation;
S(λ)——the relative effectiveness function for UV radiation;
W(λ)——the weighting function;
Note 2: The complete weighting function is W(λ)= ES(λ)·S(λ), which is given in GB/T 30042-2013, Annex A, Table A.1.
Note 3: The air mass is defined in GB/T 30042-2013, 9.1.16.
3.6
solar UV-A transmittance
weighted average of spectral transmittance with the spectral power distribution ES(λ) of solar radiation with AM 2 at sea level and the relative effectiveness function S(λ) for UV radiation as weights, in the spectral range of 315 nm ~ 380 nm
Note 1: The solar UV transmittance is τSUVA, which is usually expressed as a percentage and calculated using Equation (2):
(2)
where,
λ——the wavelength of UV radiation at nanometer level;
τF(λ)——the spectral transmittance of ski goggles;
ES(λ)——the spectral power distribution of solar radiation;
S(λ)——the relative effectiveness function for UV radiation;
W(λ)——the weighting function;
Note 2: The complete weighting function is W(λ)= ES(λ)·S(λ), which is given in GB/T 30042-2013, Annex A, Table A.1.
Note 3: the air mass is defined in GB/T 30042-2013, 9.1.16.
3.7
solar UV-B transmittance
weighted average of spectral transmittance with the spectral power distribution ES(λ) of solar radiation with AM 2 at sea level and the relative effectiveness function S(λ) for UV radiation as weights, in the spectral range of 280 nm ~ 315 nm
Note 1: The solar UV transmittance is τSUVB, which is usually expressed as a percentage and calculated using Equation (3):
(3)
where,
λ——the wavelength of UV radiation at nanometer level;
τF(λ)——the spectral transmittance of ski goggles;
ES(λ)——the spectral power distribution of solar radiation;
S(λ)——the relative effectiveness function for UV radiation;
W(λ)——the weighting function;
Note 2: The complete weighting function is W(λ)= ES(λ)·S(λ), which is given in GB/T 30042-2013, Annex A, Table A.1.
Note 3: The air mass is defined in GB/T 30042-2013, 9.1.16.
3.8
mean (380 nm ~ 400 nm) transmittance
mean transmittance between 380 nm and 400 nm
Note 1: The mean (380 nm ~ 400 nm) transmittance is τm380～400, which is usually expressed as a percentage and calculated using Equation (4):
(4)
where,
λ——the wavelength of UV radiation at nanometer level.
3.9
luminous transmittance
ratio of the luminous flux through the ocular to the incident luminous flux under specified lighting and observation conditions
Note 1: The luminous transmittance is τV, which is usually expressed as a percentage and calculated using Equation (5):
(5)
where,
λ——the optical wavelength at nanometer level;
τF(λ)——the spectral transmittance of ski goggles;
V(λ)——the spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic vision.
SD65(λ)——the spectral distribution of CIE standard illuminant D65 (see ISO 11664-2).
Note 2: τV is defined as the integration result of Equation (5) under standard illuminant D65. In other cases, SD65(λ) is replaced by the spectral distribution of standard illuminant A or other related illuminants.
Note 3: The spectral radiation distribution value SD65(λ) of CIE standard illuminant and the spectral luminous efficiency function V(λ) for human eyes are given in http://www.cie.co.at/index_ie.html, where (λ) = V(λ). The result of spectral value is given in GB/T 30042-2013, Annex A, Table A.2.
Note 4: See ISO 11664-1 for the value of spectral luminous efficiency function V(λ).
3.10
solar blue-light transmittance
weighted average of spectral transmittance with the spectral power distribution ES(λ) of solar radiation with AM 2 at sea level and the blue light hazard function B(λ) as weights, in the spectral range of 380 nm ~ 500 nm
Note 1: The solar blue-light transmittance is τsb, which is usually expressed as a percentage. A complete weight function is obtained from WB(λ)＝ES(λ)·B(λ). See GB/T 30042-2013, Annex A, Table A.1 for the value of the equation, provide interpolation value where necessary, and calculate it using Equation (6):
(6)
where,
λ——the optical wavelength at nanometer level;
τF(λ)——the spectral transmittance of ski goggles;
ES(λ)——the spectral power distribution of solar radiation;
B(λ)——the blue light hazard function;
W(λ)——the weighting function;
Note 2: The air mass is defined in GB/T 30042-2013, 9.1.16.
3.11
solar IR transmittance
characteristic value of spectral transmittance with the spectral power distribution ES(λ) of solar radiation with AM 2 at sea level as weight, in the spectral range of 780 nm ~ 2,000 nm
Note 1: The solar UV transmittance is τSIR, which is usually expressed as a percentage and calculated using Equation (7):
(7)
where,
λ——the wavelength of IR radiation at nanometer level;
τF(λ)——the spectral transmittance of ski goggles.
Note 2: The spectral power distribution ES(λ) of solar radiation is given in GB/T 30042-2013, Table A.5.
Note 3: The air mass is defined in GB/T 30042-2013, 9.1.16.
3.12
reflectance
ratio of the reflected radiant flux or luminous flux to the incident flux under the given conditions of spectroscopic composition, polarization, and incident radiation in geometric distribution
Note: Radiant flux and luminous flux, generally expressed as ρ, are defined in GB/T 30042-2013, 4.7 and 4.4.
3.13
wide angle scatter
average angle of forward scattered light deviating from the expected propagation direction, which is greater than 2.5°
Note 1: Wide angle scatter is usually measured with visibility meter.
Note 2: The measurement of wide angle scatter is usually expressed as a percentage of all (uniform and scattered) transmitted light.
3.14
dioptre
unit of light gathering power of an ocular, lens or surface, or the axis of a wavefront (refractive index divided by radius)
Note 1: Dioptre is usually abbreviated as “D” or “dpt”.
Note 2: Dioptre is expressed in m-1.
3.15
spherical power
back vertex power of the ocular, or vertex power of the reference principle meridian selected from the two principle meridians of the astigmatic oculars
Note 1: Spherical power is usually abbreviated as “S”.
Note 2: Spherical power is expressed in dioptre (D, dpt).
3.16
principal meridians
two perpendicular meridians of astigmatic oculars or lenses, which are parallel to the line formed by connecting two foci
3.17
astigmatic power
difference between dioptres on two principle meridians
Note: Astigmatic power is expressed in dioptre (D, dpt).
?
3.18
prismatic deviation
change in the direction of light to get the refraction effect
Note 1: Prismatic deviation is expressed in prism dioptre (cm/m), which is abbreviated as △.
Note 2: The inherent prismatic deviation of the ocular or the lens, or the position and direction of light passing through the ocular or the lens relative to the optical axis, may cause the prismatic deviation.
3.19
prism imbalance
algebraic difference between the left and right oculars of the eye protector measured at the reference points (for testing), caused by redundant prismatic deviation
Note 1: A horizontal imbalance and a vertical imbalance may be measured from the prismatic deviation.
Note 2: For horizontal components (e.g., inside or outside), the horizontal prism imbalance is equal to the addition of prismatic deviations in the same base direction, then minus the prismatic deviation in the opposite base direction; for vertical components (e.g., up or down), the vertical prism imbalance is equal to the subtraction of prismatic deviations in the same base direction, then plus the prismatic deviation in the opposite base direction.
Note 3: For example, a pair of glasses, whose prismatic deviation at the right base is 0.5 cm/m inward and whose prismatic deviation at the left base is 0.2cm/m outward, have a horizontal prism imbalance of 0.3 cm/m.
4 Basic requirements
4.1 Biocompatibility
Ski goggles shall meet the requirements of use purpose and environment, without any factors affecting the health or safety of the wearer.
Manufacturers shall minimize the damage caused by material precipitation to the wearer's skin, and pay attention to the sensitization, carcinogenicity, mutation and toxicity of materials for ski goggles.
4.2 Structure and adjustment
Ski goggles shall be free of protrusions, sharp edges or other parts that may cause discomfort or injury during use.
For detachable, adjustable and replaceable structures or accessories on ski goggles, manufacturers shall make the detachment, adjustment and replacement as convenient as possible, and operation process as simple as possible and the operation process shall meet the requirements of ergonomics.
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Basic requirements
4.1 Biocompatibility
4.2 Structure and adjustment
4.3 Cleaning and disinfection
4.4 Material and surface quality of the ocular
4.5 Headform
4.6 Firmness and adaptability
5 Requirements
5.1 Transmittance
5.2 Scattered light
5.3 Dioptre
5.4 Requirements for mechanical properties
5.5 Field of view
5.6 Minimum area to be protected
5.7 UV radiation resistance
5.8 Fire resistance property
5.9 Water resistance and snow resistance
5.10 Anti-fog property
5.11 Resistance to abrasion
6 Test methods
6.1 Test method for transmittance
6.2 Test method for scattered light
6.3 Test method for dioptre
6.4 Test method for mechanical strength
6.5 Test methods for field of view
6.6 Test methods for UV radiation resistance
6.7 Test method for flame retardance
6.8 Test method for water resistance and snow resistance
6.9 Test method for anti-fog property
6.10 Test method for resistance to abrasion
Bibliography
