Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is not equivalent to "Steel Wire Ropes - Vocabulary" (ISO 2532:1974).
This standard replaces the "Acceptance" (Chapter 4) and "Defects" (Chapter 5) of "Steel Wire Ropes - Terminology" (GB/T 8706-1988).
Compared with the "Acceptance" (Chapter 4) and "Defects" (Chapter 5) of GB/T 8706-1988, the main changes of this standard are as follows:
- The terms "random sample taking", "chemistry analysis", "microstructural defect" and "roundness" are respectively changed to "random sampling", "chemical analysis", "micro defect" and "out-of-roundness";
- The terms "periodic sampling", "online sampling", "groove or bulge" and "surficial spalling" are deleted;
- The term "low torsional stresses" is added; the "method of casting" and "method of pressing pipe" are added in the tensile test of steel wire ropes;
- The definition of "batch" is modified;
- The terms "extruding of steel wire rope corn", "extruding of steel wire", "kinking", "flattening of parts", "local decrease in diameter", "local increase in diameter", "flexing", "corrosion", "local aggregation of broken wire" and "decrease of elasticity" are added;
- The "vocabulary index" is added.
This standard was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Iron and Steel of Standardization Administration of China.
Drafting organizations of this standard: National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Metal Products, Guizhou Wire Rope Incorporated Company, Jiangsu Langshan Wirerope Co., Ltd. and China Metallurgical Information and Standardization Institute.
Chief drafting staff of this standard: Hong Tao, Heng Junhua, Yang Hongying, Deng Haiyan, Wang Lingjun and Dai Shifeng.
The previous edition of the standard replaced by this standard:
- GB/T 8706-1988.
Steel Wire Ropes - Vocabulary for Acceptance and Defect
鋼絲繩 驗收及缺陷術語
1 Scope
This standard specifies the common terms for acceptance and defects of steel wire ropes during their production and services.
This standard is applicable to the general requirements for acceptance and defects of steel wire ropes. Where other provisions are stated in the product standard, the provisions shall prevail.
2 Acceptance Terms
2.1
Sampling
2.1.1
Acceptance
The sampling and inspection judgment procedure for inspecting individual or batch of products according to the requirements of relevant standards and specifications.
2.1.2
Rejection
The demander rejects to accept the products not conforming to relevant standards and specifications.
2.1.3
Batch
The total amount of unit products which are delivered for acceptance simultaneously with the same construction, specification, nominal tensile strength grade and surface state.
2.1.4
Sample
2.1.4.1
Size of sample
2.1.4.2
Sample of wire
2.1.4.3
Sample of rope
2.1.4.4
Sample of core
2.1.5
Sampling inspection
According to statistical sampling technique, the process to deduce the total quality of a batch of products by inspecting part of unit products taken from the batch.
2.1.6
100% inspection
The inspection for all delivered and accepted unit products.
2.1.7
Random sampling
The sampling method for which the unit products are casually sampled from inspection batch.
2.1.8
Primary test
2.1.9
Repeat test
Where a product is judged as unqualified in primary test, its defective item shall be retested according to the method and quantity specified in standard.
2.2
Inspection of Steel Wires
2.2.1
Sample
2.2.1.1
Origin
The samples originate from steel wire rope.
2.2.1.2
Straightening
In order to facilitate the test and guarantee its accuracy, the sample is straightened by hands or tools without damaging sample surface or affecting its mechanical performance.
2.2.2
Chemical analysis
2.2.2.1
Product analysis
The chemical analysis carried out for the samples extracted from steel wire ropes.
2.2.2.2
Permissible percentage limits for elements
2.2.2.3
Permissible tolerances for product analysis
2.2.3
Micrographic inspection
2.2.3.1
Microstructure
2.2.3.2
Heterogeneity
2.2.3.3
Inclusions
2.2.3.4
Band structure
2.2.3.5
Surface decarburization
2.2.3.6
Martensite
2.2.3.7
Cracks or fissures
2.2.3.8
Shells
2.2.3.9
Segregation
2.2.4
Dimensional inspection
The determination for cross sectional dimension of circular or profiled wire.
2.2.5
Tensile test
The test to determine the tensile strength and percentage elongation of steel wire under unidirectional static tension.
2.2.5.1
Gauge length
2.2.5.2
Minimum duration of test
2.2.5.3
Speed of test
2.2.5.4
Tensile strength
The ratio between the maximum resistance to fracture and the original cross-sectional area of sample where the steel wire is under unidirectional static tension.
2.2.5.5
Knotting force
The maximum force of knotted sample which is under unidirectional static tension.
2.2.5.6
Ratio of knotting tension
The percentage of the breaking forces for knotting and unknotting of steel wire.
2.2.5.7
Percentage elongation
The percentage of the increased length of gauge length and its original value after the tensile failure of sample.
2.2.6
Reverse bend test
The test to inspect steel wire's ability to bear plastic deformation (fasten one end of steel wire, bend it for 90° around the cylindrical support with specific radius and then bend it in opposite direction).
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Acceptance Terms
3 Defect Terms
Chinese Index
English Index
鋼絲繩 驗收及缺陷術語
1 范圍
本標準規定了生產和使用中鋼絲繩驗收、缺陷常用的術語。
本標準適用于鋼絲繩驗收、缺陷術語的一般規定，當產品標準另有規定時，應按相應標準規定執行。
2 驗收術語
2．1
取樣 sampling
2．1．1
驗收 acceptance
依據有關標準、規范等規定，對產品進行逐個或成批檢驗而確定的取樣數量和檢驗判定程序。
2．1．2
拒收 rejection
需方對不符合有關標準、規范等規定的產品，不予以接受的現象。
2．1．3
批量 batch
由同一結構、規格、公稱抗拉強度級別及表面狀態且同時交付驗收的單位產品的總量。
2．1．4
試樣 sample
2．1．4．1
試樣尺寸 size of sample
2．1．4．2
鋼絲試樣 sample of wire
2．1．4．3
鋼絲繩試樣 sample of rope
2．1．4．4
鋼絲繩芯試樣 sample of core
2．1．5
抽樣檢驗 sampling inspection
根據統計抽樣技術，從一批產品的總體中抽取部分單位產品，通過檢驗部分單位產品來推斷該批產品總體的質量。
2．1．6
100％檢驗(全檢) 100％inspection
對交付驗收的每個單位產品都進行檢驗。
2．1．7
隨機抽樣 random sampling
從檢查批中單位產品被抽入樣本完全是偶然的抽取樣本的方法。
2．1．8
初試 primary test
2．1．9
復試 repeat test
初試不合格時，按標準規定的方法和數量，取樣重新試驗其不合格項目。
2．2
鋼絲檢驗 inspection of steel wires
2．2．1
試樣 sample
2．2．1．1
試樣來源 origin
試樣來源于鋼絲繩。
2．2．1．2
試樣矯直 straightening
為了試驗準確和便于試驗，在不損傷試樣表面和不影響試樣力學性能的前提下，用手或工具將試樣矯直。
2．2．2
化學成分分析 chemical analysis
2．2．2．1
成品分析 product analysis
從鋼絲繩中抽取試樣，對其進行的化學成分分析。
2．2．2．2
元素含量允許范圍 permissible percentage limits for elements
2．2．2．3
成品化學成分允許偏差 permissible tolerances for product analysis
2．2．3
金相檢驗 micrographic inspection
2．2．3．1
顯微組織 microstructure
2．2．3．2
不均勻度 heterogeneity
2．2．3．3
夾雜物 inclusions
2．2．3．4
帶狀組織 band structure
2．2．3．5
表面脫碳 surface decarburization
2．2．3．6
馬氏體 martensite
2．2．3．7
裂紋或裂縫 cracks or fissures
2．2．3．8
折疊 shells
2．2．3．9
偏析 segregation
2．2．4
尺寸檢驗 dimensional inspection
圓形或異形鋼絲橫截面尺寸的測定。
2．2．5
拉伸試驗 tensile test
鋼絲在單向靜拉力作用下，測定抗拉強度及伸長率等項目的試驗。
2．2．5．1
標距 gauge length
2．2．5．2
試驗最少持荷時間 minimum duration of test
2．2．5．3
試驗速度 speed of test
2．2．5．4
抗拉強度 tensile strength
鋼絲在單向靜拉力作用下抵抗破斷的最大力與試樣原始橫截面積之比。
2．2．5．5
打結拉力 knotting force
鋼絲打結后的試樣在單向靜拉力作用下測得的最大力。
2．2．5．6
打結率 ratio of knotting tension
打結破斷拉力與該鋼絲不打結破斷拉力的百分比。
2．2．5．7
伸長率 percentage elonation
試樣拉斷后，標距部分增加的長度與原始標距長度的百分比。
2．2．6
反復彎曲試驗 reverse bend test
將鋼絲一端固定，繞規定半徑的圓柱支座彎曲90°，再沿相反方向彎曲，檢查鋼絲承受塑性變形能力的試驗。
2．2．6．1
彎曲角度 angle of bend
2．2．6．2
圓柱支座半徑 radius of cylindrical supports
2．2．6．3
圓柱支座至撥桿底部距離 distance from top tangential plane of cylindricail supports to the bottomface of guids
2．2．6．4
兩圓柱支座軸線所在平面與試樣最近接觸點距離 distance from a plane，defined by the anes of the
cylindrical supports，to the nearest point of contact with the test piece
2．2．6．5
拔桿孔直徑 diameter of guide hole
2．2．6．6
張力 tension
為使試樣與彎曲圓柱良好接觸，用手或特殊裝置給試樣施加的拉緊力。
2．2．6．7
彎曲速度 rate of bending
2．2．6．8
反復彎曲次數 number of reverse bends
2．2．7
扭轉試驗 torsion test
檢查鋼絲在固定或交變方向扭轉時的塑性變形性能，并顯示不均勻性及內外缺陷的試驗。
2．2．7．1
試驗類型 type of test
2．2．7．1．1
單向扭轉 torsion in one direction
鋼絲以自身為軸線，沿一個方向均勻扭轉至試樣裂斷或達到規定扭轉次數的試驗。
2．2．7．1．2
交變扭轉 alternating torsion
鋼絲以自身為軸線，向一個方向扭轉規定次數后，再向相反方向扭轉直至試樣斷裂或達到規定扭轉次數的試驗。
2．2．7．2
鉗口間距 length between vices
2．2．7．3
張力 tension
為使試樣保持平直施加到鋼絲上的拉緊力。
2．2．7．4
試驗速度 speed of test
2．2．7．5
扭轉角度 angle of torsion
2．2．7．6
扭轉試樣表面 appearance of the twist
2．2．7．7
斷口類型 type of fracture
2．2．7．8
扭轉次數 number of twists
2．2．8
纏繞(或松懈)試驗 wrap(relaxation)test
將鋼絲試樣在符合相關標準規定直徑的芯棒上緊密螺旋纏繞至規定圈數，用于檢查試樣(有鍍層或無鍍層)承受纏繞變形能力及鍍層牢固性能的試驗。
2．2．8．1
芯棒直徑 diameter of mandrel
2．2．8．2
纏繞速度 speed of wrap
2．2．8．3
纏繞圈數 number of turns
2．2．9
鍍層試驗 inspection of coating
檢查鋼絲單位面積的鍍層重量、牢固性及均勻性的試驗。
2．2．9．1
鍍層重量測定 determination of mass
用氣體法或重量法測定單位表面積上的鍍層重量。
2．2．9．2
牢固性能試驗 adhesion test
用纏繞試驗測定鍍層結合的牢固性。
2．2．9．3
硫酸銅試驗 immersion test
用硫酸銅溶液浸置測定鍍層的均勻性。
2．2．9．4
鹽霧試驗 salt spray test
用硫酸銅溶液浸置測定鍍鋅層的均勻性。
2．3
鋼絲繩檢驗 inspection of steel wire ropes
2．3．1
外觀及尺寸檢查 visual and dimensional examination
2．3．1．1
鋼絲繩直徑(尺寸)偏差 tolerances on the diameter of steel wire ropes
2．3．1．2
不圓度 out-of-roundness
2．3．1．3
捻距 lay pitch
2．3．1．4
捻法 type of lay
2．3．1．5
結構 construction
2．3．1．6
捻制質量 lay quality
2.3.1.7
不松散性 low torsional stresses
2．3．1．8
涂油均勻性 continuity of lubrication
2．3．1．9
平直度 straightness
2．3．1．10
殘余扭轉 residual torsion
2．3．2
拆股試驗 dismantle strand test
鋼絲繩股(部分或全部)拆散成單絲進行試驗來考核鋼絲繩內鋼絲破斷拉力總和及鋼絲繩中鋼絲的性能。
2．3．3
破斷拉伸試驗 tensile test
鋼絲繩試樣在單向靜拉力作用下，測定其破斷拉力及伸長率等項目的試驗。
2．3．3．1
試樣夾持方法 method of gripping
a) 直接夾持法 method of directly gripping
鋼絲繩試樣直接夾持在試驗機夾具內進行拉伸試驗的方法。
b) 澆鑄法 method of casting
將鋼絲繩試樣散頭用熔融金屬澆鑄，冷卻到常溫后，夾持在試驗機夾具座內進行拉伸試驗的方法。
c) 纏繞法 method of winding on durm
將鋼絲繩試樣直接纏繞在試驗機纏繞輪上進行拉伸試驗的方法。
d) 套壓法 method of pressing pipe
將鋼絲繩試樣用套管壓緊，再夾持在試驗機夾具內進行拉伸試驗的方法。
2．3．3．2
伸長率 percentage elongation
標距的伸長與原始標距的百分比。
a)彈性伸長率 percentage elastic elongation
標距的彈性伸長與原始標距的百分比。
b)永久延伸率(殘余伸長率) percentage permanent elongation
試樣卸除拉伸力后標距的伸長與原始標距的百分比。
2．3．3．3
實際彈性模量 actual modulus of elasticity
2．3．3．4
破斷拉力 breaking force
2．3．3．5
斷口位置和形式 position and type of fracture
2．3．4
含油率 oil content
2．3．4．1
鋼絲繩含油率 oil content in steel wire ropes
2．3．4．2
芯含油率 oil content in fibre cores
2．3．4．3
股含油率 oil content in strands
2．3．5
疲勞試驗 fatigue test
測定鋼絲繩試樣在規定的交變應力作用下，承受反復彎曲或沖擊載荷能力的試驗。
2．3．6
旋轉性能試驗 rotational property test
通過試驗觀測到的試樣單位長度上的旋轉角度。
3 缺陷術語
3．1
制造期間 during manufacture
3．1．1
斷絲 fracture of wire
鋼絲繩股中出現鋼絲斷裂的現象。
3．1．2
缺絲 short of wire
鋼絲繩股中出現缺少鋼絲的現象。
3．1．3
混絲 mixture of wire
鋼絲繩股中相同公稱直徑鋼絲中出現不同公稱直徑間隔鋼絲的現象。
3．1．4
混強度 mixture of strength
鋼絲繩股中相同公稱抗拉強度級鋼絲中出現不符合本級別抗拉強度范圍的鋼絲的現象。
3．1．5
鋼絲交錯 transposition of wires
鋼絲繩表面出現鋼絲交叉，鋼絲不在規定的幾何位置的現象。
3．1．6
接頭不良 irregular joining of wires
鋼絲繩中鋼絲接頭方法不當、接頭中心不正、焊接不良等現象。
3．1．7
裂紋 craze
鋼絲表面出現開裂的現象。
3．1．8
鍍層開裂 craze of coating
鋼絲表面鍍層出現裂紋或分層的現象。
3．1．9
鍍層脫落 desquamation of coating
鋼絲表面鍍層出現脫落的現象。
3．1．10
股絲松動 slack of wire in strand
鋼絲繩股中鋼絲出現松動的現象。
3．1．11
股絲松散 untwisting of wires in strand
鋼絲繩端頭松懈或截斷后，股中鋼絲松開不成形的現象。
3．1．12
股松緊不均 relaxation of strands
鋼絲繩制造過程中由于張緊力或預變形不均勻造成個別股出現突起或陷落的現象。
3．1．13
股芯外露 discovery of core in strand
股芯從鋼絲縫隙間露出的現象。
3．1．14
股間隙不均勻 discontinuity of strand clearance
3．1．15
鋼絲繩松散 untwisting of strands in rope
3．1．16
捻距不均 variation in pitch
鋼絲繩或股全長或局部出現捻距不均勻的現象。
3．1．17
繩芯外露 discovery of core in rope
繩芯從鋼絲繩股縫隙間露出的現象。
3．1．18
涂油不良 irregular greasing
鋼絲繩表面或繩芯的油脂短缺或不均勻的現象。
3．2
運輸及使用期間 transport and period of service time
3．2．1
表面損傷 surface damage
鋼絲繩或鋼絲表面因與外部接觸而產生的擠傷、壓傷、碰傷、掛傷、刮傷或釘傷等傷痕。
3．2．2
變形 deterioration of ropes
鋼絲繩失去正常形狀或結構破壞的現象。
3．2．2．1
波浪形 waviness
鋼絲繩的縱向軸線成螺旋線形狀。
3．2．2．2
燈籠形 bird-caging
多股鋼絲繩的外層股浮起而形成類似燈籠狀的形狀。
3．2．2．3
繩芯擠出 extruding of steel wire rope corn
繩芯從鋼絲繩股縫隙間被擠出的現象。
3．2．2．4
鋼絲擠出 extruding of steel wire
鋼絲或鋼絲束在鋼絲繩一側拱起成環狀的變形。
3．2．2．5
扭結 kinking
鋼絲繩成環狀在不可能繞其軸線轉動的情況下被拉緊而造成的變形，鋼絲繩局部有加捻或松捻現象。
3．2．2．6
部分被壓扁 flattening of parts
3．2．2．7
繩徑局部減小 local decrease in diameter
鋼絲繩因機械磨損、繩芯縮細、局部銹蝕、局部扭結及斷絲等原因而造成橫截面的局部減少。
3．2．2．8
繩徑局部增大 local increase in diameter
鋼絲繩因繩芯畸變而造成橫截面的局部增大。
3．2．2．9
彎折 flex
鋼絲繩在外界影響下引起的角度變形。
3．2．3
機械磨損 physical deterioration
3．2．3．1
內部磨損 inter deterioration
鋼絲繩因股絲間承受負荷不同，相互擠壓形成應力集中而產生的磨損。
3．2．3．2
外部磨損 outside deterioration
鋼絲繩因與滑輪、卷筒、地面硬物等接觸而產生的鋼絲磨損。
