標準編號:	GB 18485-2014/XG1-2019
中文名稱:	生活垃圾焚燒污染控制標準||含國家標準第1號修改單
英文名稱:	Standard for pollution control on the municipal solid waste incineration, includes Amendment 1
行業分類:	GB    國家標準
發布機構:	中華人民共和國生態環境部
發布日期:	2019-11-21
實施日期:	2020-1-1
標準狀態:	valid
替代舊標準:	GB 18485-2014 生活垃圾焚燒污染控制標準
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	13000 字
翻譯價格(元):	850.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is formulated to implement laws such as the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention of Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste", the "Law on Prevention of Air Pollution of the People's Republic of China" and the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution" etc., to protect environment, to prevent and control pollution, and to promote the improvement in the incineration and disposal technology of municipal solid waste. This standard specifies the requirements for the site selection, technology, feeding wastes, operation, emission control, monitoring, implementation and supervision of municipal solid waste incineration plant. This standard was first issued in 2000 and initially revised in 2001. This is the second revision with main changes as follows: ——The application scope of this standard is adjusted to cover also the control on incinerator for sludge produced by domestic sewage treatment facilities and for non-hazardous industrial solid wastes; ——The requirements for control on pollutant emission during startup, shutdown, malfunction or accident of municipal solid waste incinerator are added; ——The requirements for emission control on pollutant such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrogen chloride, heavy metals and their compounds, and dioxins in the flue gas from municipal solid waste incineration plants are raised. Relevant national standards for pollutants emission are applicable to the water pollutants, odor pollutants and environmental noises of municipal solid waste incineration plant, and relevant national standards for solid waste identification and pollution control are applicable to the identification and disposal of solid wastes generated by such plants. Appendix A of this standard is normative. Limitations for pollutant emission specified in this standard are basic requirements. Local provincial people's governments may formulate provincial standards for the emission of pollutant control items not specified in this standard. As for the items specified in this standard, stricter provincial pollutant emission standards may be formulated. In case of approval limitations for environmental impact assessments which are stricter than those specified in this standard or provincial standards, they shall prevail. This standard is formulated under the organization of and by the Department of Science, Technology and Standards of Ministry of Environmental Protection. Chief drafting organizations of this standard: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Tsinghua University, Urban Construction design & Research Institute, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University. This standard is approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on April 28, 2014. This standard is to be implemented on July 1, 2014 for new municipal solid waste incinerators and January 1, 2016 for existing municipal solid waste incinerators. The "Standard for Pollution Control on the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration" (GB 18485-2001) will be abolished from January 1, 2016. This standard may also be implemented in advance upon the approval of provincial people's governments basing on the demands of local environmental protection and economical and technical conditions. The Ministry of Environmental Protection is entrusted with the explanation of this standard. NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 中華人民共和國國家標準 GB/T 18485-2014 Standard for Pollution Control on the Minicipal Solid Waste Incineration 生活垃圾焚燒污染控制標準 1 Scope This standard specifies the requirements for the site selection, technology, feeding wastes, operation, emission control, monitoring, implementation and supervision of municipal solid waste incineration plant. This standard is applicable to the design, environmental impact assessment and final acceptance of municipal solid waste incineration plants as well as the pollution control and monitoring & management during operation of such plants. This standard applies as a reference for the industrial furnaces of which municipal solid wastes mass accounts for more than 30% of the total mass of materials put into furnace as well as special incineration furnaces for sludge from domestic sewage treatment facilities and for non-hazardous industrial solid wastes. This standard is applicable to the pollutant emission behaviors allowed by law; the site selection of new pollution sources and the control on existing pollution sources within special monitoring zones shall be conducted according to relevant provisions of laws, regulations and rules such as "Law on Prevention of Air Pollution of the People's Republic of China", "Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution", "Marine Environment Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", "Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention of Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste", "Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution", "Law of the People' s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment", "Urban and Rural Planning Law of the People's Republic of China", and "The Law of Land Administration of the People's Republic of China". 2 Normative References This standard refers to the provisions of the following documents. For undated references, the latest edition applies. GB 8978 "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" GB 14554 "Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants" GB 16889 "Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste" GB 30485 "Standard for the Pollution Control on Cooperative Disposal Solid Waste of Cement Kiln" GB/T 16157 "The Determination of Particulates and Sampling Methods of Gaseous Pollutants Emitted from Exhaust Gas of Stationary Source" HJ 77.2 "Ambient Air and Waste Gas Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins(PCDDs)and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs)" HJ 543 "Measurement of the Exhaust Mercury of Stationary Source Cold Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (Provisional)" HJ 548 "Stationary Source Emission - Determination of Hydrogen Chloride - Silver Nitrate Volumetric Method (Provisional)" HJ 549 "Determination of Hydrogen Chloride in Ambient Air and Exhaust Gas-Ion Chromatography Method (Provisional)" HJ 629 "Determination of Sulphur Dioxide from Exhausted Gas of Stationary Source Nondispersive Infrared Absorption Method" HJ 657 "Ambient Air and Stationary Source Emission - Determination of Metals in Ambient Particulate Matter - Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)" HJ 693 "Determination of Sulphur Dioxide from Exhausted Gas of Stationary Source Fixed - Potential Electrolysis Method" HJ/T 20 "Technical Specifications on Sampling and Sample Preparation from Industry Solid Waste" HJ/T 27 "Stationary Source Emission - Determination of Hydrogen Chloride - Mercuric Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method" HJ/T 42 "Stationary Source Emission - Determination of Nitrogen Oxide - Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Method" HJ/T 43 "Stationary Source Emission - Determination of Nitrogen Oxide – N (1-naphtye) - Ethylenediamine Dihydrochloride Spectrophotometric Method" HJ/T 44 "Stationary Source Emission - Determination of Carbon Monoxide - Non-dispersive Infrared Absorption Method" HJ/T 56 "Determination of Sulphur Dioxide from Exhausted Gas of Stationary Source Iodine Titration Method" HJ/T 57 "Determination of Sulphur Dioxide from Exhausted Gas of Stationary Source - Fixed-potential Electrolysis Method" HJ/T 75 "Specifications for Continuous Emissions Monitoring of Flue Gas Emitted from Stationary Sources" HJ/T228 "Technical Specification for Chemical Disinfection Centralized Treatment Engineering on Medical Waste (On Trial)" HJ/T229 "Technical Specification for Microwave Disinfection Centralized Treatment Engineering on Medical Waste (On Trial)" HJ/T276 "Technical Specifications for Steam-based Centralized Treatment Engineering in Medical Waste (On Trial)" HJ/T 397 "Technical Specifications for Emission Monitoring of Stationary Source" "Management Method on Automatic Supervisory Control of Pollution Source" (Decree of the State Environmental Protection Administration, No. 28) "Environmental Monitoring Management Method" (Decree of the State Environmental Protection Administration, No. 39) "Regulations on the Administration of Medical Wastes" (Wei Yi Fa [2003] No. 287) 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Incinerator It refers to the device that treats municipal solid wastes through high temperature oxidation. 3.2 Incineration capacity It refers to the design capacity of incinerator to incinerate municipal solid wastes in unit time. 3.3 Furnace It refers to the space formed by enclosed furnace wall of incinerator for the burning of combustibles. 3.4 Retention time of flue gas It refers to the duration when the flue gas generated by combustion is in hot section (≥850 ℃). 3.5 Incineration bottom ash It refers to the residues discharged directly from the furnace bottom and the ash and slag discharged by the overheater and economizer after municipal solid waste incineration. 3.6 Incineration fly ash It refers to the trapped substances of flue gas cleaning system and bottom ash settled on flue and chimney bottoms. 3.7 Loss on ignition It refers to the percentage of the mass reduced by ignition to the original mass of incineration slag. It is calculated according to the following formula: P=(A-B)/A×100% Where, P——the loss on ignition, %; A——the mass of incineration slag which has been dried at 110℃ and then cooled to room temperature, g; B——the mass of incineration which has been ignited at 600℃ (± 25 ℃) for 3 hours and then cooled to room temperature, g. 3.8 Dioxins It is the generic term for Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). 3.9 Toxic equivalency factor (TEF) It refers to the ratio of dioxins congener and 2, 3, 7, 8- TCDD to the affinity of Ah receptor. 3.10 Toxic equivalency quantity (TEQ) It refers to the equivalent concentration when the concentration of dioxins congeners is converted to the equivalent toxicity of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD; toxic equivalent quantity concentration is the product of measured concentration and the TEF of the isomer. 3.11 Non-hazardous industrial solid waste It refers to the solid wastes generated during industrial production, excluding hazardous wastes. 3.12 Existing municipal solid waste incinerator It refers to the municipal solid waste incinerators which have been built and put into services or of which the environmental impact assessment statements have been approved before the implementation date of this standard. 3.13 New municipal solid waste incinerator It refers to the newly-built, renovated and extended municipal solid waste incinerators of which the environmental impact assessment statements have been approved after the implementation date of this standard. 3.14 Standard conditions It refers to the gaseous state with the temperature of 273.16K and the pressure of 101.325 kPa. 3.15 Average value It refers to the average value of the test values of at least 3 samples taken at equal time intervals (30min to 8h) during the sampling period; as for dioxins, the sampling time interval shall be 6 hours at least and 8 hours at most. 3.16 Hourly average value It refers to the arithmetic mean value of pollutant concentration in any one hour, or, the arithmetic mean value of the measured values of 4 samples taken at equal time intervals. 3.17 Daily average value It refers to the arithmetic mean value of 24 continuous hourly average values. 3.18 Emission concentration at baseline oxygen content Each and every emission limitation for pollutant concentration specified in this standard refers to the emission concentration at baseline oxygen content converted with 11% (V/V%) O2 (dry flue gas) as the baseline and under the standard conditions; the conversion is made according to the following requirements: ρ=ρ’×(21-11)/(φ0(O2)-φ’(O2)) Where, ρ——the emission concentration at baseline oxygen content of air pollutant, mg/m3; ρ’——the measured air pollutants emission concentration, mg/m3; φ0(O2)——the initial oxygen content of combustion air, %; 21 for the case of air being adopted for combustion. φ’(O2)——the measured oxygen content of flue gas, %. 4 Site Selection 4.1 The site selection of municipal solid waste incineration plant shall comply with the local overall urban and country plan, environmental protection program and environmental sanitation special plan as well as demands of atmospheric pollution prevention & control, water resource protection and natural ecology reservation etc. 4.2 The location of municipal solid waste incineration plant and its distance to periphery population shall be determined according to the conclusions of its environmental impact assessment. Such distance may be used as planning basis once approved by environmental protection administration department having the right for examination and approval. 4.3 In the environmental impact assessment for the site selection of municipal solid waste incineration plant, the reasonable positional relations between such plant and the habitation of long term residents, the agricultural lands, the surface waters and other sensitive objectives shall be determined according to the environmental function area type of its location area and the comprehensive assessment of its impacts on the health, daily life and production activities of dwell groups, emphasizing possible hazardous substances leakage, air pollutants (including odorants) generation & diffusion and accident risks of the plant and its facilities. 5 Technology 5.1 Sealing measures shall be taken during the transportation of municipal solid wastes to prevent waste dropping, smell leaking and sewage leaking. 5.2 Sealing and negative pressure measures shall be taken for the storage facilities and leachate collecting facilities of municipal solid wastes, and the negative pressure state shall be maintained during operation and shutdown. Gases inside such facilities shall be led into incinerator preferentially for high temperature processing, or be collected and deodorized until they meet the requirements of GB 14554 and then discharged. 5.3 The main technical performance indexes of municipal solid waste incinerator shall meet the following requirements. (1) The incineration temperature and retention time of flue gas inside furnace as well as the loss on ignition of incineration slag shall meet the requirements specified in Table 1.

Foreword I 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terms and Definitions 4 Site Selection 5 Technology 6 Feeding Wastes 7 Operation 8 Emission Control 9 Monitoring 10 Implementation and Supervision Appendix A (Normative)

生活垃圾焚燒污染控制標準 1 適用范圍 本標準規定了生活垃圾焚燒廠的選址要求、技術要求、入爐廢物要求、運行要求、排放控制要求、 監測要求、實施與監督等內容。 本標準適用于生活垃圾焚燒廠的設計、環境影響評價、竣工驗收以及運行過程中的污染控制及監督 管理。 摻加生活垃圾質量超過入爐（窯）物料總質量 30%的工業窯爐以及生活污水處理設施產生的污泥、 一般工業固體廢物的專用焚燒爐的污染控制參照本標準執行。 本標準適用于法律允許的污染物排放行為；新設立污染源的選址和特殊保護區域內現有污染源的管 理，按照《中華人民共和國大氣污染防治法》、《中華人民共和國水污染防治法》、《中華人民共和國海洋 環境保護法》、《中華人民共和國固體廢物污染環境防治法》、《中華人民共和國放射性污染防治法》、《中 華人民共和國環境影響評價法》、《中華人民共和國城鄉規劃法》和《中華人民共和國土地管理法》等法律、法規、規章的相關規定執行。 2 規范性引用文件 本文件內容引用了下列文件中的條款。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本適用于本文件。 GB 8978 污水綜合排放標準 GB 14554 惡臭污染物排放標準 GB 16889 生活垃圾填埋場污染控制標準 GB 30485 水泥窯協同處置固體廢物污染控制標準 GB/T 16157 固定污染源排氣中顆粒物測定與氣態污染物采樣方法 HJ 77.2 環境空氣和廢氣 二噁英類的測定 同位素稀釋高分辨氣相色譜-高分辨質譜法 HJ 543 固定污染源廢氣 汞的測定 冷原子吸收分光光度法（暫行） HJ 548 固定污染源排氣中氯化氫的測定 硝酸銀容量法（暫行） HJ 549 環境空氣和廢氣 氯化氫的測定 離子色譜法（暫行） HJ 629 固定污染源廢氣 二氧化硫的測定 非分散紅外吸收法 HJ 657 空氣和廢氣 顆粒物中鉛等金屬元素的測定 電感耦合等離子體質譜法 HJ 693 固定污染源廢氣 氮氧化物的測定 定電位電解法 HJ/T 20 工業固體廢物采樣制樣技術規范 HJ/T 27 固定污染源排氣中氯化氫的測定 硫氰酸汞分光光度法 HJ/T 42 固定污染源排氣中氮氧化物的測定 紫外分光光度法 HJ/T 43 固定污染源排氣中氮氧化物的測定 鹽酸萘乙二胺分光光度法 HJ/T 44 固定污染源排氣中一氧化碳的測定 非色散紅外吸收法 HJ/T 56 固定污染源排氣中二氧化硫的測定 碘量法 HJ/T 57 固定污染源排氣中二氧化硫的測定 定電位電解法 HJ/T 75 固定污染源煙氣排放連續監測系統技術規范 HJ/T228 醫療廢物化學消毒集中處理工程技術規范（試行） HJ/T229 醫療廢物微波消毒集中處理工程技術規范（試行） HJ/T276 醫療廢物高溫蒸汽集中處理工程技術規范（試行） HJ/T 397 固定源廢氣監測技術規范《污染源自動監控管理辦法》（國家環境保護總局令第 28 號） 《環境監測管理辦法》（國家環境保護總局令第 39 號） 《醫療廢物分類目錄》（衛醫發﹝2003﹞287 號） 3 術語和定義 下列術語和定義適用于本標準。 3.1 焚燒爐 incinerator 利用高溫氧化作用處理生活垃圾的裝置。 3.2 焚燒處理能力 incineration capacity 單位時間焚燒爐焚燒生活垃圾的設計能力。 3.3 爐膛 furnace 焚燒爐中由爐墻包圍起來供燃料燃燒的空間。 3.4 煙氣停留時間 retention time of flue gas 燃燒所產生的煙氣處于高溫段（≥850℃）的持續時間。 3.5 焚燒爐渣 incineration bottom ash 生活垃圾焚燒后從爐床直接排出的殘渣，以及過熱器和省煤器排出的灰渣。 3.6 焚燒飛灰 incineration fly ash 煙氣凈化系統捕集物和煙道及煙囪底部沉降的底灰。 3.7 熱灼減率 loss on ignition 焚燒爐渣經灼燒減少的質量占原焚燒爐渣質量的百分數。其計算方法如下： P=（A-B）/A ×100% 式中：P—熱灼減率，%； A—焚燒爐渣經 110℃干燥 2h 后冷卻至室溫的質量，g， B—焚燒爐渣經 600℃（±25℃）灼燒 3 小時后冷卻至室溫的質量，g。 3.8 二噁英類 dioxins 多氯代二苯并-對-二噁英（PCDDs）和多氯代二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）的統稱。 3.9 毒性當量因子 toxic equivalency factor（TEF） 二噁英類同類物與 2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并-對-二噁英對 Ah 受體的親和性能之比。 3.10 毒性當量 toxic equivalency quantity（TEQ） 各二噁英類同類物濃度折算為相當于 2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并-對-二噁英毒性的等價濃度，毒性當量濃 度為實測濃度與該異構體的毒性當量因子的乘積。 3.11 一般工業固體廢物 non-hazardous industrial solid waste 在工業生產活動中產生的固體廢物，危險廢物除外。 3.12 現有生活垃圾焚燒設爐 existing municipal solid waste incinerator 本標準實施之日前，已建成投入使用或環境影響評價文件已獲批準的生活垃圾焚燒爐。 3.13 新建生活垃圾焚燒爐 new municipal solid waste incinerator 本標準實施之日后環境影響評價文件獲批準的新建、改建和擴建的生活垃圾焚燒爐。 3.14 標準狀態 standard conditions 溫度在 273.16K，壓力在 101.325kPa 時的氣體狀態。 3.15 測定均值 average value 取樣期以等時間間隔（最少 30 分鐘，最多 8 小時）至少采集 3 個樣品測試值的平均值；二噁英類的采樣時間間隔為最少6小時，最多8小時。 3.16 1 小時均值 hourly average value 任何 1 小時污染物濃度的算術平均值；或在 1 小時內，以等時間間隔采集 4 個樣品測試值的算術平均值。 3.17 24 小時均值 daily average value 連續 24 個 1 小時均值的算術平均值。 3.18 基準氧含量排放濃度 emission concentration at baseline oxygen content 本標準規定的各項污染物濃度的排放限值，均指在標準狀態下以 11%（V/V%）O2（干煙氣）作為 換算基準換算后的基準含氧量排放濃度，按下式進行換算： ρ=ρ’×（21-11）/（φ0(O2)-φ’(O2)） 式中：ρ—大氣污染物基準氧含量排放濃度，mg/m3； ρ’—實測的大氣污染物排放濃度，mg/m3； φ0(O2)—助燃空氣初始氧含量，%。采用空氣助燃時為 21； φ’(O2)—實測的煙氣氧含量，%。 4 選址要求 4.1 生活垃圾焚燒廠的選址應符合當地的城鄉總體規劃、環境保護規劃和環境衛生專項規劃，并符合當 地的大氣污染防治、水資源保護、自然生態保護等要求。 4.2 應依據環境影響評價結論確定生活垃圾焚燒廠廠址的位置及其與周圍人群的距離。經具有審批權的 環境保護行政主管部門批準后，這一距離可作為規劃控制的依據。 4.3 在對生活垃圾焚燒廠廠址進行環境影響評價時，應重點考慮生活垃圾焚燒廠內各設施可能產生的有 害物質泄漏、大氣污染物（含惡臭物質）的產生與擴散以及可能的事故風險等因素，根據其所在地區的 環境功能區類別，綜合評價其對周圍環境、居住人群的身體健康、日常生活和生產活動的影響，確定生 活垃圾焚燒廠與常住居民居住場所、農用地、地表水體以及其他敏感對象之間合理的位置關系。 5 技術要求 5.1 生活垃圾的運輸應采取密閉措施，避免在運輸過程中發生垃圾遺撒、氣味泄漏和污水滴漏。 5.2 生活垃圾貯存設施和滲濾液收集設施應采取封閉負壓措施，并保證其在運行期和停爐期均處于負壓 狀態。這些設施內的氣體應優先通入焚燒爐中進行高溫處理，或收集并經除臭處理滿足 GB 14554 要求后排放。 5.3 生活垃圾焚燒爐的主要技術性能指標應滿足下列要求。 （1）爐膛內焚燒溫度、爐膛內煙氣停留時間和焚燒爐渣熱灼減率應滿足表 1 的要求。 表 1 生活垃圾焚燒爐主要技術性能指標 序號 項目 指標 檢驗方法 1 爐膛內焚燒溫度 ≥850℃ 在二次空氣噴入點所在斷面、爐膛中部斷 面和 爐膛上 部斷 面中 至少 選擇兩 個斷 面 分別布設監測點，實行熱電偶實時在線測 量 2 爐膛內煙氣停留時間 ≥2 秒 根據 焚燒爐 設計 書檢驗 和制造 圖核 驗爐 膛內 焚燒溫 度監 測點斷 面間的 煙氣 停留 時間 3 焚燒爐渣熱灼減率 ≤5% HJ/T 20 （2）2015 年 12 月 31 日前，現有生活垃圾焚燒爐排放煙氣中一氧化碳濃度執行 GB18485-2001 中規 定的限值。 （3）自 2016 年 1 月 1 日起，現有生活垃圾焚燒爐排放煙氣中一氧化碳濃度執行表 2 規定的限值。 （4）自 2014 年 7 月 1 日起，新建生活垃圾焚燒爐排放煙氣中一氧化碳濃度執行表 2 規定的限值。 表 2 新建生活垃圾焚燒爐排放煙氣中一氧化碳濃度限值 取值時間 限值（mg/m3） 監測方法 24 小時均值 80 HJ/T 44 1 小時均值 100 5.4 每臺生活垃圾焚燒爐必須單獨設置煙氣凈化系統并安裝煙氣在線監測裝置，處理后的煙氣應采用獨立的排氣筒排放；多臺生活垃圾焚燒爐的排氣筒可采用多筒集束式排放。 5.5 焚燒爐煙囪高度不得低于表 3 規定的高度，具體高度應根據環境影響評價結論確定。如果在煙囪周 圍 200 米半徑距離內存在建筑物時，煙囪高度應至少高出這一區域內最高建筑物 3m 以上。 表 3 焚燒爐煙囪高度 焚燒處理能力（噸/日） 煙囪最低允許高度（米） <300 45 ≥300 60 注：在同一廠區內如同時有多臺焚燒爐，則以各焚燒爐焚燒處理能力總和作為評判依據。 5.6 焚燒爐應設置助燃系統，在啟、停爐時以及當爐膛內焚燒溫度低于表 1 要求的溫度時使用并保證焚燒爐的運行工況滿足本標準 5.3 條的要求。 5.7 應按照 GB/T 16157 的要求設置永久采樣孔，并在采樣孔的正下方約 1 米處設置不小于 3m2 的帶護欄 的安全監測平臺，并設置永久電源（220V）以便放置采樣設備，進行采樣操作。