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This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
Safety rules for elevating work platforms
1 Scope
This standard specifies the safety technical requirements that shall be observed in the design, manufacture, installation, use and maintenance of elevating work platforms.
This standard is applicable to the following elevating work platforms:
——supported elevating work platform;
——mast-climbing work platform;
——suspended elevating work platform;
——special form work platform.
This standard is not applicable to construction hoists.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies
GB/T 3098.1 Mechanical properties of fasteners - Bolts, screws and studs
GB/T 3098.2 Mechanical properties of fasteners - Nuts
GB/T 3480.5 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 5: Strength and quality of materials
GB/T 3811 Design rules for cranes
GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 5226.32 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines
GB 7258 Technical specifications for safety of power-driven vehicles operating on roads
GB/T 7932 Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components
GB/T 17888.3 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails
GB/T 17888.4 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 4: Fixed ladders
GB/T 19154-2017 Building maintenance unit
GB/T 19155-2017 Temporarily installed suspended access equipment
GB 24543 Personal fall protection equipment - Lanyar
GB/T 25849-2010 Mobile elevating work platforms - Design calculations, safety requirements and test methods
GB/T 27547-2011 Elevating work platforms - Mast-climbing work platforms
GB 50661 Code for welding of steel structures
JB/T 11169-2011 Stationary elevating work platforms
JB/T 12786 Elevating work platforms - Definition of terms and classification
JGJ 82 Technical specification for high strength bolt connections of steel structures
ISO 6336-1 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and general influence factors
ISO 6336-2 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pittings)
ISO 6336-3 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 25849-2010, GB/T 27547-2011, GB/T 19154-2017, GB/T 19155-2017, JB/T 11169-2011, JB/T 12786 and the following apply.
3.1
custodian
entity or individual that directly controls the use and application of the elevating work platform
Note: It usually refers to the owner, leaseholder or owner trustee who has obtained control rights.
3.2
operator
person who has received relevant training and obtained qualified knowledge and practical experience to operate the elevating work platform
3.3
qualified person
competent person
trained and experienced person with recognized academic qualification, certificate, professional identity, or relevant professional knowledge, who can effectively prove his/her capability of solving problems encountered in related matters, works or projects
3.4
safety-related bulletin
safety information related to elevating work platform issued by the manufacturer
4 Complete machine
4.1 Unless otherwise stated, the elevating work platform shall be able to work normally under the following conditions:
a) altitude: not exceed 1,000m;
b) ambient relative humidity: ≤90% (+25℃).
c) the suspended elevating work platform shall be able to work normally under the following conditions:
? ambient temperature: -10~+55℃;
? working wind speed: ≤8.3m/s;
? power supply voltage fluctuation: not exceeding ±5% of the rated voltage.
Other elevating work platforms shall be able to work normally under the following conditions:
? ambient temperature: -20~+40℃;
? wind speed: ≤12.5m/s;
? power supply voltage fluctuation: not exceeding ±10% of the rated voltage.
Note: Any special requirement shall be solved by the manufacturer and the user through negotiation.
4.2 The manufacturer shall ensure that the strength, stiffness and stability of the elevating work platform meet the requirements of relevant standards, and the platform shall be used safely under various permitted working conditions.
4.3 The manufacturer shall give the maximum force of elevating work platform on the ground or foundation under various working conditions in the instruction manual, and the user shall ensure its safety before use.
4.4 Solid tyres or other non-pneumatic tyres should be used for the self-propelled elevating work platform. If pneumatic tyres are used, anti-explosion and rollover protection measures shall be taken.
4.5 The lighting and signal devices, braking performance and engine emission of the mobile elevating work platform of road driving type shall comply with GB 7258.
4.6 The stationary elevating work platform shall meet the following requirements:
a) when the rated load exceeds 500kg, the lifting guide device shall be installed;
b) the distance between the base plate edge of embedded parts and the edge of foundation for stationary foundation shall not be less than 50mm.
4.7 The noise of elevating work platform shall meet the following requirements:
a) when the suspended elevating work platform works under rated load, the noise value at 1m away from the noise source shall not be greater than 79dB(A);
b) for elevating work platforms other than suspended elevating work platform, the ear-side noise of internal combustion engine drive shall not exceed 86dB(A), and that of electric dive shall not exceed 80dB(A).
4.8 The insulated elevating work platform and explosion-proof elevating work platform shall comply with relevant standards.
4.9 The clearance between the suspension rig of building maintenance unit and surrounding buildings shall not be less than 0.6m. If such clearance requirement cannot be met, other safety measures shall be taken, and the manufacturer shall inform the user of its dangerous information to prevent crushing injury to person.
5 Structure
5.1 General provisions
For the design of metal structure of the elevating work platform, the structure shall meet the requirements of strength (including fatigue strength), stability, stiffness and safety-related requirements of the structural parts during transportation, installation, use and test.
5.2 Welding
The welding of steel structure shall meet the requirements of GB 50661, and the welding procedure qualification shall be conducted for key welds.
5.3 Bolted connections
5.3.1 High-strength bolts shall be adopted as connecting bolts of the main stressed members, and the mechanical properties of the fasteners of the high-strength bolt connection pair shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3098.1 and GB/T 3098.2, and shall be provided with performance grade marks and certificates.
5.3.2 The design, construction and acceptance of high-strength bolt connection of main stressed members shall meet the requirements of JGJ 82.
5.4 Stairs, stepladders, guardrails and straight ladders
5.4.1 Stairs, stepladders and guardrails shall meet the requirements of GB/T 17888.3.
5.4.2 Straight ladders shall meet the requirements of GB/T 17888.4.
5.5 Maintenance platform, work platform, walkway and skirting board
5.5.1 Maintenance platforms, walkways, skirting boards and guardrails for self-maintenance shall be arranged at the operation and maintenance places more than 2m above the ground, and shall meet the following requirements:
a) The maintenance platform and walkway shall be made of metal materials, and the base plate thereof shall have drainage and slip resistance. When using round holes, grids or other materials that cannot form a continuous plane, the size of holes or gaps shall not allow balls with a diameter of 15mm to pass through; in any case, the area of holes or gaps shall be less than 400mm2.
b) The width of maintenance platform and walkway shall be not less than 500mm, and the local obstruction may be reduced to 400mm. Every part where the operator may stay on the maintenance platform and walkway shall not be permanently deformed and shall be able to bear the following loads:
? 2,000N load is vertically applied to any position on the surface of the maintenance platform through a disk with a diameter of 125mm;
? Uniformly distributed load of 4,500N/m2.
5.5.2 Skirting boards not less than 150mm in height shall be arranged at the edge of the work platform or walkway. In places where operators need to cross through, the height of skirting board may be reduced to 100mm.
5.5.3 The height of guardrail shall comply with the relevant product standards of the elevating work platform, and the middle cross bar shall be arranged within 500mm away from the upper rail of the guardrail and the skirting board. For special workplaces where the height of guardrails needs to be lowered, the safety requirements of guardrails in relevant standards shall be met.
5.5.4 Chains or ropes shall not be used as guardrails or entrance doors.
5.5.5 The entrance door shall not be folded or opened outward, but shall be automatically closed or interlocked by electric control to prevent the work platform from operation when the entrance door is open.
5.5.6 The trap door on the base plate of the work platform shall be firmly installed on the work platform, locked reliably and shall not open downward or slide sideways.
5.6 Discarding of structural parts
5.6.1 The main structural parts, if cannot meet the safe use requirements due to corrosion, wear and other causes, shall be repaired or strengthened, otherwise be discarded.
5.6.2 The main stressed members, if permanently deformed and cannot be repaired, shall be discarded.
5.6.3 The main stressed members after overall instability shall be discarded other than repaired.
5.6.4 When cracks appear in structural parts and welds, the causes shall be analyzed, and strengthening measures shall be taken according to the stress and crack conditions. They shall be continued to use only when meeting the original design requirements, otherwise they shall be discarded.
6 Mechanisms, parts and components
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 During the design, the mechanisms, parts and components shall meet the strength (including fatigue strength), stability, wear resistance and other safety requirements during transportation, installation, use and test.
6.1.2 All mechanisms shall ensure that the elevating work platform moves smoothly and accurately when lifting, lowering, turning, luffing, stretching and traveling, without jamming, crawling, vibration, impact and abnormal increase of driving power.
6.1.3 The solid joint strength at the end of wire rope shall be able to withstand at least 80% of the minimum breaking force of the wire rope.
6.1.4 The end of wire rope shall be fixed by braided joint, aluminum alloy pressed joint, steel pressed joint and wedge joint. The end of the load-bearing wire rope shall not be fixed by U-bolt rope clamp.
6.2 Mechanisms, parts and components for supported elevating work platform
6.2.1 Chassis, traveling system and stabilizer
6.2.1.1 The chassis, traveling system and stabilizer of mobile elevating work platform shall meet the requirements of GB/T 25849-2010, 5.3.
6.2.1.2 The traveling mechanism of mobile elevating work platform shall be able to move under traction after cutting off the power.
6.2.1.3 Self-propelled elevating work platform shall be equipped with service brake and parking brake system.
6.2.1.4 Shift and steering operation of the traveling system shall be flexible.
6.2.1.5 The brake of parking brake system shall be equipped with a device that can keep the braking state after braking.
6.2.1.6 When the elevating work platform is equipped with outriggers, the vertical outriggers and horizontal outriggers shall be able to operate independently. When operating the outrigger, the operator shall be able to see its moving direction clearly.
6.2.2 Extending structure
6.2.2.1 The extending structure shall meet the requirements of GB/T 25849-2010, 5.4.
6.2.2.2 The dive system of extending structure shall meet the requirements of GB/T 25849-2010, 5.5.
6.2.2.3 If two or more support devices are used in the extending structure of the work platform, the support devices shall be synchronized during the lifting and lowering process.
6.2.2.4 The vertical lifting and lowering extending structure shall be of two or multi-layer structure, which shall be lifted from the lower layer to the upper layer, and lowered from the upper layer to the lower layer.
6.2.2.5 The bottom diameter of the plate chain sheave used in the extending structure shall not be less than 5 times the pitch of the plate chain.
6.2.2.6 The auxiliary lowering device shall be arranged, which shall function when the main power fails.
6.2.3 Work platform
6.2.3.1 The levelness change between the work platform and the horizontal plane, chassis plane or any rotatable plane shall not be greater than 5° when the extending structure is extended or due to the load and force during operation.
6.2.3.2 The work platform shall be made of flame retardant materials, that is, materials that will not continue to burn after the fire source is removed.
6.2.3.3 Mechanical limit shall be set for the movement of work platform relative to extension.
6.2.3.4 Safety belt hanging points shall be set for other types of elevating work platforms other than scissor or mast elevating work platforms.
6.3 Mechanisms, parts and components for mast-climbing work platform
6.3.1 Lifting drive system
6.3.1.1 The rated speed of work platform when lifting and lowering shall not be greater than 0.2m/s.
6.3.1.2 Measures shall be taken to prevent the uppermost guide pulley or shoe from slipping out of the top of the guide during normal operation. Further measures shall be taken to ensure that the guide pulley of the safety device will not disengage from the rack under any circumstances (including installation and disassembly); other mechanical safety devices shall also ensure that the work platform will not slide down accidentally.
6.3.1.3 The rack and pinion drive system shall meet the following requirements:
a) Under any load condition, measures shall be taken to make the rack engage with the drive pinion and safety pinion normally. This measure shall not depend on the guide pulley of elevating work platform. The device used shall be able to limit the axial movement of the pinion and ensure that at least 2/3 of the gear width is engaged with the rack.
b) In case of failure, local bending or mast deflection of the counter-roller or other engaged control parts, the deviation distance of the pinion shall not exceed 1/3 of the gear height during normal engaging.
c) The pinion shall not be used as a guide pulley. When the guide pulley or guide shoe fails, measures shall be taken to keep the work platform stable.
d) The pinion installation position of safety device shall be lower than any drive pinion.
e) The strength design of drive pinion shall meet the requirements of ISO 6336-1, ISO 6336-2, ISO 6336-3 and GB/T 3480.5. Considering the actual stress of each pinion under the total static load, the safety coefficient of pinion tooth strength shall not be less than 1.5.
f) The rack shall be made of materials matching the wear resistance of drive pinion, and the strength of pinion tooth shall be designed according to the requirements of ISO 6336-1, ISO 6336-2, ISO 6336-3 and GB/T 3480.5. The strength of teeth is calculated according to actual stress, and the minimum safety coefficient is 1.5.
g) The modulus of pinion and rack shall not be less than:
? Modulus 4: If the counter-roller or other engaging control parts of the drive system directly act on the rack without contacting other parts of the mast;
? Modulus 6: If the counter-roller or other engaging control parts of the drive system act through another mast component that is in direct contact with the rack.
6.3.1.4 The ratchet drive system shall meet the following requirements:
a) the maximum rated speed of the work platform during lifting and lowering shall not be greater than 0.06m/s;
b) the design fatigue safety coefficient of ratchet drive mechanism elements shall not be less than 1.5, and the design number of fatigue load cycles of power elements shall not be less than 106 times;
c) the safety coefficient of the elements supporting the safety device on the mast under the most dangerous working condition shall not be less than 2.5;
d) measures shall be taken to ensure that the drive system and safety devices are correctly engaged with the crosspiece or other elements on the mast, but they shall not be realized by the guide pulley on the elevating work platform;
e) the drive mechanism shall not be used as a guide pulley.
6.3.1.5 The screw drive system shall meet the following requirements:
a) the design fatigue safety coefficient of screw drive element shall not be less than 1.5, the design number of fatigue load cycles of toothed engaging parts shall not be less than 104 times, and the design number of fatigue load cycles of drive mechanism power elements shall not be less than 108 times;
b) it shall be ensured that the screw drive element and the toothed engaging parts do not deviate from the correct engaging position by 1/3 under any circumstances, even in such cases as counter-roller failure, local bending deformation and mast deflection;
c) the installation position of safety device shall be lower than the drive system.
6.3.1.6 The dive system shall meet the requirements of GB/T 27547-2011, 5.4.5.
6.3.2 Work platform
6.3.2.1 When bearing rated load and other forces during normal running and operation, the elevating work platform shall be kept horizontal with a tolerance of ±2°; under any other working conditions, the maximum tolerance between the work platform and the horizontal direction is ±5°.
6.3.2.2 The height difference between platform extension and main platform base plate shall not be greater than 0.5m.
6.3.2.3 If the elevating work platform is installed along the wall and the distance between the platform and the wall is greater than 0.3m but not greater than 0.5m, guardrails with a height of not less than 0.7m shall be installed (skirting board other than middle cross bar shall be available); if the distance is greater than 0.5m, guardrails with a height of not less than 1.1m shall be installed; if the distance is not greater than 0.3m, no guardrails are needed.
6.3.2.4 A protective device for preventing persons from touching the mast shall be installed, and the installation height shall not be lower than 2m.
6.3.2.5 The multilevel platform shall meet the following requirements:
a) The additional platform, if installed above or below the main platform, shall meet the following requirements:
● the distance between the base plates of two work platforms shall not be greater than 3m;
● a stationary entry shall be arranged between the two work platforms in the protection area of the elevating work platform.
b) When two or more work platforms share the same mast and are driven separately, the following requirements shall be met:
1) the lower work platform shall be equipped with a protective roof, which shall meet the following requirements:
● be able to bear 100kg uniformly distributed load in any area of 0.1m×0.1m;
● be able to prevent the ball with a diameter of 15mm from passing through.
2) under any working condition, the minimum distance between two work platforms shall not be less than 2.5m.
6.3.3 Base frame and chassis
6.3.3.1 The connection between the base frame/chassis and other components (such as mast and cantilever outrigger) shall be safe and reliable.
6.3.3.2 The chassis of wheel drive (except road transport) shall be equipped with brake, which shall be able to stop the chassis and keep it in a static state under ground conditions allowed by the manufacturer and the most unfavorable combination of horizontal moving speed, maximum gradient and height and length of elevating work platform. Only by manually releasing the brake can it be maintained in released state. Under all other conditions, the brake shall be able to start automatically. The mode of braking shall not depend on exhaustible energy.
6.3.3.3 The outrigger pad shall be able to rotate at a certain angle in any direction, which shall not be less than the maximum gradient specified by the manufacturer plus 10°.
6.3.3.4 The outriggers, outrigger beams and base frame or chassis beyond the main contour line of the work platform shall be painted in safety colors.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Complete machine
5 Structure
6 Mechanisms, parts and components
7 Safety device
8 Hydraulic system
9 Electrical system
10 Operating system
11 Installation and disassembly
12 Operation
13 Inspection and maintenance
14 Information for use
