Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
According to the requirements of Document JIANBIAO [2012] No.5 issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China - Notice on printing and distributing the development and revision plan on engineering construction standards and codes in 2012, the drafting group of Standard for building water supply and drainage has revised this standard through extensive investigation and study, careful summarization of practical experience and reference to relevant international and foreign advanced standards and on the basis of widely soliciting for opinions.
The main technical contents of this standard are general provisions, terms and symbols, water supply, sanitary wastewater, rain drainage, hot water and drinking water supply, etc.
The main technical contents revised in this standard are: 1. the average daily rated domestic water consumption for residential and public buildings is supplemented; 2. the dormitory classification and maximum daily hourly variation coefficient are adjusted; 3. the calculation method for the diameter of header pipe for the outdoor water supply in sub-district is adjusted; 4. the provisions on the calculation of design peak flow of water main of the building complex or the different functional parts of the same building are added; 5. the provisions on bottled liquid chlorine disinfection used for swimming pools and aquatic recreation pools are deleted; 6. the provisions on vacuum drainage are deleted; 7. the provisions on ozone disinfection safety for swimming pools and aquatic recreation pools are added; 8. the provisions of arranging grilling covers for water inlet, pool bottom water outlet and drain opening of swimming pools and aquatic recreation pools as well as those on the velocity of water flow passing the grilling are added; 9. the discharging capacity of floor drain is supplemented; 10. the maximum design drainage capacity of the vertical pipe for sanitary wastewater is adjusted; 11. the load of the drainage piping discharging separately without ventilation has been modified; 12. the conditions for setting the air admittance valve in the case that the drainage stack of public buildings is not extended to top for venting are added; 13. the provisions on the minimum width and depth of roof gutter (catchwater channel) are supplemented; 14. the provisions on the maximum design discharge flow of the roof drain and the piping design calculation are separately made for the roof rainwater according to single bucket system, gravity flow multi-bucket system and full pipe pressure flow multi-bucket system; 15. the requirements of sponge city for rainwater design for building and sub-district are added; 16. the calculation of design duration of rainfall of rainwater piping in sub-district is modified according to the current national standard GB 50014 Code for design of outdoor wastewater engineering; 17. the relevant requirements for setting rainwater detention tank in sub-district are supplemented; 18. the provisions on setting sterilization facilities for centralized hot water supply system are added; 19. the technical measures to ensure the effect of the circulation system of centralized hot water supply system are added; 20. the traditional storage type heat exchanger with low efficiency is eliminated and the half storage type heat exchanger with superior performance is recommended; 21. the contents regarding solar heat pump hot water supply system are added; 22. the provisions on various parameters for calculating the total area of solar thermal collector are supplemented; 23. the provisions on the selection of solar hot water system for different types of buildings under different conditions are added; 24. the range of heat loss values for distribution pipes is revised; 25. the flow calculation formula of circulating pump is revised; 26. the provisions on calculating the flow of the hot water supply pump and circulating pump of hot water storage tank are added.
The provisions printed in bold type in this standard are compulsory and must be enforced strictly.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is in charge of the administration of this standard and the explanation of the compulsory provisions, Shanghai Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is responsible for the specific administration, and Arcplus Group PLC is responsible for the explanation of the specific technical contents. In case of any comment or suggestion during the process of implementing this standard, please send it to Arcplus Group PLC (address: National Standard Standard for design of building water supply and drainage Management Group, No.18, Lane 600, Nanchezhan Road, Shanghai; postal Code: 200011; email: GB50015_2019@163.com).
Standard for design of building water supply and drainage
1 General provisions
1.0.1 This standard is developed in order to ensure the design quality of building water supply and drainage engineering and meet the basic requirements of safety, sanitation, applicability, economy and green.
1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the design of domestic water supply and drainage engineering in civil buildings, industrial buildings and sub-districts and the design of rainwater drainage engineering in sub-districts.
1.0.3 Where the height of the building exceeds 250m, the design of water supply and drainage system of the building shall meet the provisions of this standard, for which special research and demonstration shall be carried out.
1.0.4 The building water supply and drainage design shall not only meet the use requirements, but also provide convenient conditions for construction and installation, operation management, maintenance and check, and safety protection.
1.0.5 For the design of building water supply and drainage engineering, this standard shall be implemented and the requirements of current relevant standards of the nation shall be met.
2 Terms and symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1
drinking water
domestic water with its quality meeting the requirements for daily drinking, washing, etc. specified in national standards for drinking water quality
2.1.2
non-drinking water
water, other than drinking water, used for flushing toilets, washing cars, sprinkling roads, watering and afforesting, and supplementing air conditioning circulating water and landscape water
2.1.3
secondary water supply
water supply mode in which water is supplied to users or used by oneself through facilities for storage, pressurization, etc. when the demand of civil and industrial buildings on drinking water pressure and volume exceeds the capability of the water supply network of public or self-constructed water supply facilities
2.1.4
hourly variation coefficient
ratio of maximum hourly water consumption to average hourly water consumption
2.1.5
maximum hourly water consumption
hourly water consumption during the maximum daily water consumption period
2.1.6
average hourly water consumption
average hourly water consumption during the maximum daily water consumption period
2.1.7
backflow pollution
pollution of domestic water supply system caused by back-pressure back flow or siphonage back flow
2.1.8
back-pressure back flow
backflow caused by the change of downstream pressure of the water supply system which causes the water pressure at the water use end to be higher than that at the water supply end
2.1.9
siphonage back flow
backflow of water or liquid mixture from plumbing fixtures or water receiver to domestic water supply system caused by the negative pressure in the water supply piping
2.1.10
air gap
the vertical spatial distance between the lowest point of the outlet of the pipeline or tap outlet and the overflow level of the water equipment in the case of a water supply system or the vertical spatial distance between the lowest point of the building drain opening of an indirect drainage equipment or container and the overflow level of the water receiver in the case of a drainage system
2.1.11
flood-level rim
overflow upper edge of fixtures
2.1.12
backflow preventer
device consisting of non-return components that can prevent the water flow in the water supply piping from flowing back
2.1.13
vacuum breaker
device that is able to introduce atmospheric pressure into the water supply piping to avoid backflow of water in such water supply piping due to siphonage
2.1.14
service pipe
pipe section connecting the municipal piping to the water supply network in sub-district, or pipe section introducing the water supply inter-building pipe in sub-district into the building
2.1.15
inter-building pipe
water supply and drainage piping arranged around the building and directly connected with the building service pipe and building drain
2.1.16
inlet pipe
domestic water supply pipe section from the water supply system to each household
2.1.17
vertical division zone
several water supply zones divided on the building water supply system along its vertical height
2.1.18
parallel water supply
water supply mode with each vertical water supply division zone of building having an independent pressurization (depressurization) system
2.1.19
series water supply
water supply mode with each vertical water supply division zone of building pressurizing (depressurizing) in a cascade stage manner
2.1.20
pressure superposed water supply
water supply mode with the water supply equipment directly absorbing water from a pressurized water supply network for pressurizing
2.1.21
exposed installation
method of laying the indoor piping in an exposed manner
2.1.22
concealed installation, embedded installation
method of installing the indoor piping in wall pipe chase, piping shaft or pipe ditch or concealing it by architectural decorations
2.1.23
manifold
pipe fittings for multi-branch pipeline
2.1.24
self-provided water source
water sources other than drinking water provided by urban water supply network
2.1.25
plumbing fixture, fixture
container or device that supplies water and receives and discharges sewage and waste water or dirt
GB 50015-2019 Standard for design of building water supply and drainage English
Foreword ii
1 General provisions
2 Terms and symbols
2.1 Terms
2.2 Symbols
3 Water supply
3.1 General requirements
3.2 Rated water consumption and water pressure
3.3 Water quality and contamination prevention
3.4 System selections
3.5 Pipes, appurtenances and water meters
3.6 Piping layout and installation
3.7 Design flow and pipe hydraulic calculation
3.8 Water tanks and reservoirs
3.9 Pressurizing equipment and pump house
3.10 Swimming pools and aquatic recreation pools
3.11 Circulating cooling water and cooling towers
3.12 Waterscape
3.13 Outdoor water supply in sub-district
4 Sanitary wastewater
4.1 General requirements
4.2 Drainage systems selection
4.3 Plumbing fixtures, floor drains and traps
4.4 Piping layout and installation
4.5 Hydraulic calculation of drainage piping
4.6 Pipes, fittings
4.7 Vent pipes
4.8 Sewage pumps and sump
4.9 Small sanitary waste treatment
4.10 Sanitary wastewater in sub-district
5 Rain drainage
5.1 General requirements
5.2 Building rainwater
5.3 Outdoor rainwater in sub-district
6 Hot water and drinking water supply
6.1 General requirements
6.2 Rated consumption, temperature and hot water quality
6.3 Hot water supply systems selections
6.4 Calculation of heat consumption, hot water consumption and heat supply of heating equipment
6.5 Water heating and storage
6.6 Hot water supply systems of solar and heat pump
6.7 Calculation for hot water pipe net
6.8 Pips, appurtenances and piping installation
6.9 Drinking water supply
Annex A Hazard degree of backflow & the selection of backflow prevention facilities
Annex B Values of coefficient αc in the formula for calculating simultaneous outflow probability of water supply fixture unit in the water supply pipe section
Annex C Calculation of design peak flow of water supply pipe section
Annex D Equivalent length for friction loss of valves and threaded fittings
Annex E Minimum clearance between underground pipelines (structures) for sub-districts
Annex F Calculation for the discharge volume of roof rainwater overflow facilities
Annex G Maximum design discharge capacity of vertical pipes for gravity flow system
Annex H Distribution of solar energy resources in China and their corresponding characteristics
Annex J Calculation of the number of drinking water taps for simultaneous use
Explanation of wording in this standard
List of quoted standards
1 總 則
1.0.1 為保證建筑給水排水工程設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量,滿(mǎn)足安全、衛(wèi)生、適用、經(jīng)濟(jì)、綠色等基本要求,制定本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
1.0.2 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于民用建筑、工業(yè)建筑與小區(qū)的生活給水排水以及小區(qū)的雨水排水工程設(shè)計(jì)。
1.0.3 當(dāng)建筑物高度超過(guò)250m時(shí),建筑給水排水系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)除應(yīng)符合本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定外,尚應(yīng)進(jìn)行專(zhuān)題研究、論證。
1.0.4 建筑給水排水設(shè)計(jì),在滿(mǎn)足使用要求的同時(shí)還應(yīng)為施工安裝、操作管理、維修檢測(cè)以及安全防護(hù)等提供便利條件。
1.0.5 建筑給水排水工程設(shè)計(jì),除應(yīng)執(zhí)行本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)外,尚應(yīng)符合國(guó)家現(xiàn)行有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定。
2術(shù)語(yǔ)和符號(hào)
2.1 術(shù) 語(yǔ)
2.1.1生活飲用水drinking water
水質(zhì)符合國(guó)家生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的用于日常飲用、洗滌等生活用水。
2.1.2生活雜用水 non-drinking water
用于沖廁、洗車(chē)、澆灑道路、澆灌綠化、補(bǔ)充空調(diào)循環(huán)用水及景觀(guān)水體等的非生活飲用水。
2.1.3 二次供水 secondary water supply
當(dāng)民用與工業(yè)建筑生活飲用水對(duì)水壓、水量的要求超出城鎮(zhèn)公共供水或自建設(shè)施供水管網(wǎng)能力時(shí),通過(guò)儲(chǔ)存、加壓等設(shè)施經(jīng)管道供給用戶(hù)或自用的供水方式。
2.1.4小時(shí)變化系數(shù)hourly variation coefficient
最大時(shí)用水量與平均時(shí)用水量的比值。
2.1.5最大時(shí)用水量 maximum hourly water consumption
最高日最大用水時(shí)段內(nèi)的小時(shí)用水量。
2.1.6平均時(shí)用水量 average hourly water consumption
最高日用水時(shí)段內(nèi)的平均小時(shí)用水量。
2.1.7 回流污染 backflow pollution
由背壓回流或虹吸回流對(duì)生活給水系統(tǒng)造成的污染。
2.1.8 背壓回流 back-pressure back flow
因給水系統(tǒng)下游壓力的變化,用水端的水壓高于供水端的水壓而引起的回流現(xiàn)象。
2.1.9 虹吸回流 siphonage back flow
給水管道內(nèi)負(fù)壓引起衛(wèi)生器具、受水容器中的水或液體混合物倒流入生活給水系統(tǒng)的回流現(xiàn)象。
2.1.10 空氣間隙 air gap
在給水系統(tǒng)中,管道出水口或水嘴出口的最低點(diǎn)與用水設(shè)備溢流水位間的垂直空間距離;在排水系統(tǒng)中,間接排水的設(shè)備或容器的排出管口最低點(diǎn)與受水器溢流水位間的垂直空間距離。
2.1.11 溢流邊緣 flood-level rim
器具溢流的上邊緣。
2.1.12 倒流防止器 backflow preventer
采用止回部件組成的可防止給水管道水流倒流的裝置。
2.1.13 真空破壞器 vacuum breaker
可導(dǎo)入大氣壓消除給水管道內(nèi)水流因虹吸而倒流的裝置。
2.1.14引入管 service pipe
由市政管道引入至小區(qū)給水管網(wǎng)的管段,或由小區(qū)給水接戶(hù)管引入建筑物的管段。
2.1.15 接戶(hù)管 inter-building pipe
布置在建筑物周?chē)苯优c建筑物引入管或排出管相接的給水排水管道。
2.1.16 入戶(hù)管(進(jìn)戶(hù)管) inlet pipe
從給水系統(tǒng)單獨(dú)供至每個(gè)住戶(hù)的生活給水管段。
2.1.17 豎向分區(qū) vertical division zone
建筑給水系統(tǒng)中在垂直高度分成若干供水區(qū)。
2.1.18 并聯(lián)供水parallel water supply
建筑物各豎向給水分區(qū)有獨(dú)立增(減)壓系統(tǒng)供水的方式。
2.1.19 串聯(lián)供水 series water supply
建筑物各豎向給水分區(qū)逐區(qū)串級(jí)增(減)壓供水的方式。
2.1.20疊壓供水pressure superposed water supply
供水設(shè)備從有壓的供水管網(wǎng)中直接吸水增壓的供水方式。
2.1.21 明設(shè) exposed installation
室內(nèi)管道明露布置的方法。
2.1.22 暗設(shè) concealed installation,embedded installation
室內(nèi)管道布置在墻體管槽、管道井或管溝等內(nèi),或者由建筑裝飾隱蔽的敷設(shè)方法。
2.1.23 分水器 manifold
用于多分支管路的管道配件。
2.1.24 自備水源 self-provided water source
除城鎮(zhèn)給水管網(wǎng)提供的生活飲用水之外的水源。
2.1.25 衛(wèi)生器具plumbing fixture,fixture
供水并接受、排出污廢水或污物的容器或裝置。
2.1.26 衛(wèi)生器具當(dāng)量 fixture unit
以某一衛(wèi)生器具流量(給水流量或排水流量)值為基數(shù),其他衛(wèi)生器具的流量(給水流量或排水流量)值與其的比值。
2.1.27額定流量 nominal flow
衛(wèi)生器具配水出口在規(guī)定的工作壓力下單位時(shí)間內(nèi)流出的水量。
2.1.28設(shè)計(jì)秒流量design peak flow
在建筑生活給水管道系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),按其供水的衛(wèi)生器具給水當(dāng)量、使用人數(shù)、用水規(guī)律在高峰用水時(shí)段的最大瞬時(shí)給水流量作為該管段的設(shè)計(jì)流量,稱(chēng)為給水設(shè)計(jì)秒流量,其計(jì)量單位通常以L(fǎng)/s表示。
建筑內(nèi)部在排水管道設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),按其接納室內(nèi)衛(wèi)生器具數(shù)量、排水當(dāng)量、排水規(guī)律在排水管段中產(chǎn)生的瞬時(shí)最大排水流量作為該管段設(shè)計(jì)流量,稱(chēng)為排水設(shè)計(jì)秒流量,其計(jì)量單位通常以L(fǎng)/s表示。
2.1.29水頭損失head loss
水通過(guò)管渠、設(shè)備、構(gòu)筑物等引起的能耗。
2.1.30氣壓給水pneumatic water supply
由水泵和壓力罐以及一些附件組成,水泵將水壓入壓力罐,依靠罐內(nèi)的壓縮空氣壓力,自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)供水流量和保持供水壓力的供水方式。
2.1.31配水點(diǎn)points of distribution
給水系統(tǒng)中的用水點(diǎn)。
2.1.32循環(huán)周期 circulating period
循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)構(gòu)筑物和管道內(nèi)的有效水容積與單位時(shí)間內(nèi)循環(huán)量的比值。
2.1.33 反沖洗 backwash
當(dāng)濾料層截污到一定程度時(shí),用較強(qiáng)的水流逆向?qū)V料進(jìn)行沖洗。
2.1.34水質(zhì)穩(wěn)定處理 stabilization treatment of water qual-ity
為保持循環(huán)冷卻水中的碳酸鈣和二氧化碳的濃度達(dá)到平衡狀態(tài)(既不產(chǎn)生碳酸鈣沉淀而結(jié)垢,也不因其溶解而腐蝕),并抑制微生物生長(zhǎng)而采用的水處理工藝。
2.1.35 濃縮倍數(shù) cycle of concentration
循環(huán)冷卻水的含鹽濃度與補(bǔ)充水的含鹽濃度的比值。
2.1.36 自灌 self-priming
水泵啟動(dòng)時(shí)水靠重力充入泵體的引水方式。
2.1.37 水景 waterscape,fountain
人工建造的水體景觀(guān)。
2.1.38親水性水景hydrophilic waterscape
產(chǎn)生飄粒、水霧會(huì)接觸器官吸入人體的動(dòng)態(tài)水景。
2.1.39 生活污水domestic sewage
人們?nèi)粘I钪信判沟募S便污水。
2.1.40生活廢水domestic wastewater
人們?nèi)粘I钪信懦龅南礈焖? 2.1.41 生活排水 sanitary wastewater
人們?cè)谌粘I钪信懦龅纳钗鬯蜕顝U水的總稱(chēng)。
2.1.42 排出管 building drain,outlet pipe
從建筑物內(nèi)至室外檢查井或排水溝渠的排水橫管段。
2.1.43 立管 vertical pipe,riser,stack
呈垂直或與垂線(xiàn)夾角小于45°的給水排水管道。
2.1.44 橫管horizontal pipe
呈水平或與水平線(xiàn)夾角小于45°的管道。其中連接器具排水管至排水立管的管段稱(chēng)橫支管,連接若干根排水立管至排出管的管段稱(chēng)橫干管。
2.1.45器具排水管 fixture drainage
自衛(wèi)生器具存水彎出口至排水橫支管連接處之間排水管段。
2.1.46 清掃口 cleanout
排水橫管上用于清通排水管的配件。
2.1.47 檢查口 check hole,check pipe
帶有可開(kāi)啟檢查蓋的配件,裝設(shè)在排水立管上,做檢查和清通之用。
2.1.48 存水彎trap
在衛(wèi)生器具內(nèi)部或器具排出口上設(shè)置的一種內(nèi)有水封的配件。
2.1.49 水封 water seal
器具或管段內(nèi)有一定高度的水柱,防止排水管系統(tǒng)中氣體竄入室內(nèi)。
2.1.50 H管 H pipe
連接排水立管與通氣立管形如H的專(zhuān)用配件。
2.1.51 吸氣閥 air admittance valves
只允許空氣進(jìn)入排水系統(tǒng),不允許排水系統(tǒng)中臭氣逸出的通氣管道附件。
2.1.52 通氣管 vent pipe,vent
為使排水系統(tǒng)內(nèi)空氣流通、壓力穩(wěn)定、防止水封破壞而設(shè)置的與大氣相通的管道。
2.1.53伸頂通氣管 stack vent
排水立管與最上層排水橫支管連接處向上延伸至室外通氣的管段。
2.1.54專(zhuān)用通氣立管 specific vent stack
僅與排水立管連接,為排水立管內(nèi)空氣流通而設(shè)置的垂直通氣管道。
2.1.55 匯合通氣管 vent headers
連接數(shù)根通氣立管或排水立管頂端通氣部分,并延伸至室外接通大氣的通氣管段。
2.1.56 主通氣立管 main vent stack
設(shè)置在排水立管同側(cè),連接環(huán)形通氣管和排水立管,為排水橫支管和排水立管內(nèi)空氣流通而設(shè)置的垂直管道。
2.1.57 副通氣立管 secondary vent stack,assistant vent stack
設(shè)置在排水立管不同側(cè),僅與環(huán)形通氣管連接,為使排水橫支管內(nèi)空氣流通而設(shè)置的通氣立管。
2.1.58環(huán)形通氣管loop vent
從多個(gè)衛(wèi)生器具的排水橫支管上最始端的兩個(gè)衛(wèi)生器具之間接出至主通氣立管或副通氣立管的通氣管段,或連接器具通氣管至主通氣立管或副通氣立管的通氣管段。
2.1.59器具通氣管 fixture vent
衛(wèi)生器具存水彎出口端接至環(huán)形通氣管的管段。
2.1.60結(jié)合通氣管 yoke vent
排水立管與通氣立管的連接管段。
2.1.61 自循環(huán)通氣 self-circulation venting
通氣立管在頂端、層間和排水立管相連,在底端與排出管連接,排水時(shí)在管道內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的正負(fù)壓通過(guò)連接的通氣管道迂回補(bǔ)氣而達(dá)到平衡的通氣方式。
2.1.62間接排水 indirect drain
設(shè)備或容器的排水管道與排水系統(tǒng)非直接連接,其間留有空氣間隙。
2.1.63 同層排水 same-floor drainage
排水橫支管布置在本層,器具排水管不穿樓層的排水方式。
2.1.64覆土深度 covered depth
埋地管道管外頂至地表面的垂直距離。
2.1.65 埋設(shè)深度 buried depth
埋地排水管道內(nèi)底至地表面的垂直距離。
2.1.66水流轉(zhuǎn)角 angle of turning flow
水流原來(lái)的流向與其改變后的流向之間的夾角。
2.1.67充滿(mǎn)度depth ratio
水流在管渠中的充滿(mǎn)程度,管道以水深與管徑之比值表示,渠道以水深與渠高之比值表示。
2.1.68 隔油池 grease tank
分隔、攔集生活廢水中油脂的小型處理構(gòu)筑物。
2.1.69 隔油器 grease interceptor
分隔、攔集生活廢水中油脂的成品裝置。
2.1.70降溫池 cooling tank
降低排水溫度的小型處理構(gòu)筑物。
2.1.71 化糞池 septic tank
將生活污水分格沉淀,并對(duì)污泥進(jìn)行厭氧消化的小型處理構(gòu)筑物。
2.1.72 中水 reclaimed water
各種生活排水經(jīng)處理達(dá)到規(guī)定的水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后回用的水。
2.1.73醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)污水 medical orgnization sewage
醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)門(mén)診、病房、手術(shù)室、各類(lèi)檢驗(yàn)室、病理解剖室、放射室、洗衣房、太平間等處排出的診療、生活及糞便污水。
2.1.74污水提升裝置 sewage lifting device
集污水泵、集水箱、管道、閥門(mén)、液位計(jì)和電氣控制為一體,用于污水提升的成品裝置。
2.1.75 換氣次數(shù)time of air change
通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)單位時(shí)間內(nèi)送風(fēng)或排風(fēng)體積與室內(nèi)空間體積之比。
2.1.76 暴雨強(qiáng)度 rainfall intensity
單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的降雨量。工程上常用單位時(shí)間內(nèi)單位面積上的降雨體積計(jì),其計(jì)量單位通常以L(fǎng)/(s·hm2)表示。
2.1.77 重現(xiàn)期 recurrence interval
經(jīng)一定時(shí)間的雨量觀(guān)測(cè)資料統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,大于或等于某暴雨強(qiáng)度的降雨出現(xiàn)一次的平均間隔時(shí)間,其單位通常以a表示。
2.1.78 降雨歷時(shí)duration of rainfall
降雨過(guò)程中的任意連續(xù)時(shí)段。
2.1.79 地面集水時(shí)間 inlet time
雨水從相應(yīng)匯水面積的最遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)地表徑流到雨水管渠入口的時(shí)間,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)集水時(shí)間。
2.1.80 管內(nèi)流行時(shí)間time of flow
雨水在管渠中流行的時(shí)間,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)流行時(shí)間。
2.1.81匯水面積 catchment area
雨水管渠匯集降雨的面積。
2.1.82重力流雨水排水系統(tǒng) gravity rain drainage system
管道按重力無(wú)壓流設(shè)計(jì)的屋面雨水排水系統(tǒng)。
2.1.83 滿(mǎn)管壓力流雨水排水系統(tǒng) full pressure storm sys-tem
管道按滿(mǎn)管流產(chǎn)生的負(fù)壓抽吸排水設(shè)計(jì)的屋面雨水排水系統(tǒng)。
2.1.84 雨水口 gulley,gutter inlet
將地面雨水導(dǎo)入雨水管渠的帶格柵的集水口。
2.1.85 線(xiàn)性排水溝linear drainage ditch
將地面雨水沿程連續(xù)收集的排水溝。
2.1.86雨落水管downspout,leader
敷設(shè)在建筑物外墻的外側(cè),用于排除屋面雨水的排水立管。
2.1.87 懸吊管hung pipe
懸吊在屋架、樓板和梁下或架空在柱上的雨水橫管。
2.1.88 雨水斗 roof drain
將建筑物屋面的雨水導(dǎo)入雨水立管的裝置。
2.1.89 徑流系數(shù) runoff coefficient
一定匯水面積的徑流雨水量與降雨量的比值。
2.1.90集中熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng) central hot water supply system
供給一幢(不含單幢別墅)、數(shù)幢建筑或供給多功能單棟建筑中一個(gè)、多個(gè)功能部門(mén)所需熱水的系統(tǒng)。
2.1.91 全日集中熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng) all day hot water supply system
在全日、工作班或營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間內(nèi)不間斷供應(yīng)熱水的系統(tǒng)。
2.1.92 定時(shí)集中熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng) fixed time hot water supply system
在全日、工作班或營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間內(nèi)某一時(shí)段供應(yīng)熱水的系統(tǒng)。
2.1.93 局部熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)local hot water supply system
供給單棟別墅、住宅的單個(gè)住戶(hù)、公共建筑的單個(gè)衛(wèi)生間、單個(gè)廚房餐廳或淋浴間等用房熱水的系統(tǒng)。
2.1.94開(kāi)式熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng) open hot water supply system
熱水管系與大氣相通的熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。
2.1.95閉式熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng) closed hot water supply system
熱水管系不與大氣相通的熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。
2.1.96 單管熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng) single line hot water system,tempered water supply system
用一根管道直接供應(yīng)配水點(diǎn)所需使用溫度熱水的熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。
2.1.97 熱泵熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)heat pump hot wat er supply sys-tem
采用熱泵機(jī)組制備和供應(yīng)熱水的熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。
2.1.98 水源熱泵 water-source heat pump
以水或添加防凍劑的水溶液為低溫?zé)嵩吹臒岜谩? 2.1.99空氣源熱泵 air-source heat pump
以環(huán)境空氣為低溫?zé)嵩吹臒岜谩? 2.1.100 熱源heat source
制取熱水或熱媒的能源。
2.1.101 熱媒heat medium
熱傳遞載體,常為熱水、蒸汽、煙氣。
2.1.102 廢熱 waste heat
生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中排放的廢棄熱量,如廢蒸汽、高溫廢水(液)、高溫?zé)煔獾扰欧诺臒崃俊? 2.1.103 太陽(yáng)能保證率 solar fraction
系統(tǒng)中全年由太陽(yáng)能提供的熱量占全年系統(tǒng)總耗熱量的比率。
2.1.104太陽(yáng)輻照量 solar irradiation
接收到太陽(yáng)輻射能的面密度。
2.1.105燃油(氣)熱水機(jī)組 fuel oil(gas)hot water device
由燃燒器、水加熱爐體和燃油(氣)供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)等組成的設(shè)備組合體,爐體水套與大氣相通,呈常壓狀態(tài)。
2.1.106設(shè)計(jì)小時(shí)耗熱量design heat consumption of maxi-mum hour
熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)中用水設(shè)備、器具最大用水時(shí)段內(nèi)的小時(shí)耗熱量。
2.1.107 設(shè)計(jì)小時(shí)供熱量design heat supply of maximum hour
熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)中水加熱設(shè)備最大用水時(shí)段內(nèi)的小時(shí)產(chǎn)熱量。
2.1.108 同程熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng) reversed return hot water sys-tem
對(duì)應(yīng)每個(gè)配水點(diǎn)的供水與回水管路長(zhǎng)度之和相等或近似相等的熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。
2.1.109第一循環(huán)系統(tǒng)heat carrier circulation system
集中熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)中,熱水鍋爐或熱水機(jī)組與水加熱器或貯熱水罐之間組成的熱媒或熱水的循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。
2.1.110第二循環(huán)系統(tǒng)hot water circulation system
集中熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)中,水加熱器或貯熱水罐與熱水供、回水管道組成的熱水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。
2.1.111 上行下給式downfeed system
給水橫干管位于配水管網(wǎng)的上部,通過(guò)立管向下給水的方式。
2.1.112下行上給式 upfeed system
給水橫干管位于配水管網(wǎng)的下部,通過(guò)立管向上給水的方式。
2.1.113 回水管 return pipe
在熱水循環(huán)管系中僅通過(guò)循環(huán)流量的管段。
2.1.114管道直飲水系統(tǒng)pipe system for fine drinking water
原水經(jīng)深度凈化處理達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后,通過(guò)管道供給人們直接飲用的供水系統(tǒng)。
2.1.115 水質(zhì)阻垢緩蝕處理 water quality treatment of scale inhibitor and corrosion-delay
采用電、磁、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定劑等物理、化學(xué)方法穩(wěn)定水中鈣、鎂離子,使其在一定的條件下不形成水垢,延緩對(duì)加熱設(shè)備或管道的腐蝕的水質(zhì)處理。
2.1.116 太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng) solar hot water system
利用太陽(yáng)能集熱器集取太陽(yáng)能熱能為主熱源,配置輔助熱源制備并供給生活熱水的系統(tǒng)。
2.1.117 集中集熱集中供熱太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng) cent ralized heat collecting and centralized heat supplying solar hot water system
集中集取太陽(yáng)能的熱能,集中配置輔助熱源的太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng)。
2.1.118 集中集熱分散供熱太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng) centralized heat collecting and decentralized heat supplying solar hot water system
集中集取太陽(yáng)能的熱能,分散配置輔助熱源的太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng)。
2.1.119 分散集熱分散供熱太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng)decentralized heat collecting and decent ralized heat supplying solar hot water system
分散集取太陽(yáng)能的熱能,分散配置輔助熱源的太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng)。
2.1.120 直接太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng) solar direct system
集取太陽(yáng)能的熱能直接加熱冷水,配置輔助熱源供給生活熱水的太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng)。
2.1.121 間接太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng) solar indirect system
集取太陽(yáng)能的熱能加熱被加熱介質(zhì)(軟化水或防凍液水)經(jīng)水加熱設(shè)施間接加熱冷水,配置輔助熱源供給生活熱水的太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng)。
2.1.122 開(kāi)式太陽(yáng)能集熱系統(tǒng) open system
太陽(yáng)能集熱器內(nèi)被加熱介質(zhì)(冷水、軟化水、防凍液水)直接通大氣的集熱系統(tǒng)。
2.1.123 閉式太陽(yáng)能集熱系統(tǒng) closed system
太陽(yáng)能集熱器內(nèi)被加熱介質(zhì)(冷水、軟化水、防凍液水)不通大氣密閉承壓運(yùn)行的集熱系統(tǒng)。
2.2 符 號(hào)
2.2.1 流量、流速:
qb——水泵出流量;
qbc——補(bǔ)充水水量;
qg——計(jì)算管段的給水設(shè)計(jì)秒流量;
qgo——同類(lèi)型的一個(gè)衛(wèi)生器具給水額定流量;
qgz——單位輪廓面積集熱器對(duì)應(yīng)的工質(zhì)流量;
qh——衛(wèi)生器具熱水的小時(shí)用水定額;
qi——設(shè)計(jì)暴雨強(qiáng)度;
qL——最高日的用水定額;
qmax——計(jì)算管段上最大一個(gè)衛(wèi)生器具的排水流量;
qmr——平均日熱水用水定額;
qn——每人每日計(jì)算污泥量;
qo——飲水水嘴額定流量;
qp——排水流量;
qpo——同一類(lèi)型的一個(gè)衛(wèi)生器具排水流量;
qr——熱水用水定額;
qrh——設(shè)計(jì)小時(shí)熱水量;
qrjd——集熱器單位輪廓面積平均每日產(chǎn)熱水量;
qw——每人每日計(jì)算污水量;
wx——循環(huán)流量;
qxh——循環(huán)水泵流量;
qy——設(shè)計(jì)雨水流量;
qyL——溢流量;
qz——冷卻塔蒸發(fā)損失水量;
v——一管道內(nèi)的平均水流速度。
2.2.2水壓、水頭損失:
Hb——循環(huán)水泵揚(yáng)程;
Hxr——第一循環(huán)管的自然壓力值;
he——集熱系統(tǒng)循環(huán)流量通過(guò)集熱水加熱器的阻力損失;
he1——循環(huán)流量通過(guò)熱泵冷凝器、快速水加熱器的阻力損失;
hf——附加壓力;
hj——集熱系統(tǒng)循環(huán)流量通過(guò)集熱器的阻力損失;
hjx——集熱系統(tǒng)循環(huán)流量通過(guò)循環(huán)管道的沿程與局部阻力損失;
hp——循環(huán)流量通過(guò)配水管網(wǎng)的水頭損失;
hx——循環(huán)流量通過(guò)回水管網(wǎng)的水頭損失;
hxh——循環(huán)流量通過(guò)循環(huán)管道的沿程與局部阻力損失;
hz——集熱器頂與貯熱水箱最低水位之間的幾何高差;
Δh——熱水鍋爐或水加熱器中心與貯熱水罐中心的標(biāo)高差;
I——水力坡度;
i——管道單位長(zhǎng)度的水頭損失;
P——壓力;
p1——膨脹罐處管內(nèi)水壓力;
P2——膨脹罐處管內(nèi)最大允許壓力;
R——水力半徑。
2.2.3 幾何特征:
A——設(shè)計(jì)充滿(mǎn)度時(shí)的過(guò)水?dāng)嗝妫? Ai——集熱器總面積;
Ajj——間接太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng)集熱器總面積;
Ajz——直接太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng)集熱器總面積;
byL——溢流孔寬度;
DyL——漏斗喇叭口直徑;
dj——管道計(jì)算內(nèi)徑;
dyL——溢流管內(nèi)徑;
Fjr——水加熱器的加熱面積;
Fw——匯水面積;
H1——熱水鍋爐、水加熱器底部至高位冷水箱面的高度;
h1——膨脹管高出高位冷水箱最高水位的垂直高度;
hy1——溢流水位高度;
hy2——天溝水位至管中心淹沒(méi)高度;
hy3——喇叭口上邊緣溢流水位深度;
V——容積;
V1——高溫貯熱水箱總?cè)莘e;
V2一低溫供熱水箱總?cè)莘e;
V3——貯熱、供熱合一的低溫?zé)崴淇側(cè)莘e;
V4——熱媒水貯熱水箱總?cè)莘e;
Ve——膨脹罐的總?cè)莘e;
Vn——化糞池污泥部分容積;
Vq——?dú)鈮核蘅側(cè)莘e;
Vq1——?dú)鈮核匏莘e;
Vq2——?dú)鈮核薜恼{(diào)節(jié)容積;
Vr——總貯熱容積;
Vrx——集熱水加熱器或集熱水箱(罐)有效容積;
Vrx1——集熱水箱有效容積;
Vrx2——分戶(hù)容積式熱水器的有效容積;
Vs——系統(tǒng)內(nèi)熱水水總?cè)莘e;
Vw——化糞池污水部分容積。
2.2.4 計(jì)算系數(shù):
bf——化糞池實(shí)際使用人數(shù)占總?cè)藬?shù)的百分?jǐn)?shù);
bg——衛(wèi)生器具同時(shí)給水百分?jǐn)?shù);
bj——集熱器面積補(bǔ)償系數(shù);
bn——濃縮后污泥含水率;
bp——衛(wèi)生器具同時(shí)排水百分?jǐn)?shù);
bx——新鮮污泥含水率;
Ch——海澄一威廉系數(shù);
Cr——熱水供應(yīng)系數(shù)的熱損失系數(shù);
f——太陽(yáng)能保證率;
g——重力加速度;
K——傳熱系數(shù);
Kh——小時(shí)變化系數(shù);
Kx——相應(yīng)循環(huán)措施的附加系數(shù);
k1——用水均勻性的安全系數(shù);
k2——水溫差因素的附加系數(shù);
Ms——污泥發(fā)酵后體積縮減系數(shù);
Nn——濃縮倍數(shù);
n——管道粗糙系數(shù);
U——衛(wèi)生器具給水當(dāng)量的同時(shí)出流概率;
UL——集熱器熱損失系數(shù);
Uo——最大用水時(shí)衛(wèi)生器具給水當(dāng)量平均出流概率;
——給水干管的衛(wèi)生器具給水當(dāng)量平均出流概率;
ψ——徑流系數(shù);
α——根據(jù)建筑物用途而定的系數(shù);
α1——水嘴同時(shí)使用經(jīng)驗(yàn)系數(shù);
αa——?dú)鈮核薜恼{(diào)節(jié)容積安全系數(shù);
αb——?dú)鈮核薰ぷ鲏毫Ρ龋? αc——對(duì)應(yīng)Uo的系數(shù);
β——?dú)鈮核薜娜莘e系數(shù);
σ——溢流水流斷面面積與天溝斷面面積之比;
ε——水垢和熱媒分布不均勻影響傳熱效率的系數(shù);
η——有效貯熱容積系數(shù);
η1——集熱系統(tǒng)的熱損失;
ηj——集熱器總面積的年平均集熱效率。
2.2.5 熱量、溫度、比重和時(shí)間:
C——水的比熱;
Jt——集熱器總面積的年平均日太陽(yáng)輻照量;
QR——設(shè)計(jì)小時(shí)供熱量;
Qh——設(shè)計(jì)小時(shí)耗熱量;
Qmd——平均日耗熱量;
Qrh——設(shè)計(jì)小時(shí)熱水量;
Qs——配水管道的熱損失;
T——用水時(shí)數(shù);
T1——設(shè)計(jì)小時(shí)耗熱量持續(xù)時(shí)間;
T2——高溫?zé)崴A水時(shí)間;
T3——低溫?zé)崴A水時(shí)間;
T4——低谷電加熱的時(shí)間;
T5——熱泵機(jī)組設(shè)計(jì)工作時(shí)間;
t——降雨歷時(shí);
t1——地面集流時(shí)間;
t2——管渠內(nèi)雨水流行時(shí)間;
tc——被加熱水初溫;
th——貯水溫度;
t1——冷水溫度;
tmc——熱媒初溫;
tmz——熱媒終溫;
tn——污泥清掏周期;
tr——熱水溫度;
tr1——使用溫度;
tr2——設(shè)計(jì)熱水溫度;
tw——污水在化糞池中停留時(shí)間;
tz——被加熱水終溫;
tLm——年平均冷水溫度;
Δt——快速水加熱器兩側(cè)的熱媒進(jìn)水、出水溫差或熱水進(jìn)水、出水溫差;
Δtj——熱媒與被加熱水的計(jì)算溫度差;
Δtmm——熱媒供回水平均溫度差;
Δtmax——熱媒與被加熱水在水加熱器一端的最大溫度差;
Δtmin——熱媒與被加熱水在水加熱器一端的最小溫度差;
Δts——配水管道的熱水溫度差;
ρf——加熱前加熱貯熱設(shè)備內(nèi)的水的密度;
ρ1——冷水密度;
ρr——熱水密度。
2.2.6 其他:
b1——同日使用率;
M——電能轉(zhuǎn)為熱能的效率;
m——用水計(jì)算單位數(shù);
m1——分散供熱用戶(hù)的個(gè)數(shù);
mf——化糞池服務(wù)總?cè)藬?shù);
N——電熱水機(jī)組功率;
NG——每戶(hù)設(shè)置的衛(wèi)生器具給水當(dāng)量數(shù);
Ng——計(jì)算管段的衛(wèi)生器具給水當(dāng)量總數(shù);
NP——計(jì)算管段的衛(wèi)生器具排水當(dāng)量總數(shù);
no——同類(lèi)型衛(wèi)生器具數(shù);
n1——飲水水嘴數(shù)量;
nq——水泵啟動(dòng)次數(shù)。
3 給 水
3.1一般規(guī)定
3.1.1 建筑給水系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足生活用水對(duì)水質(zhì)、水量、水壓、安全供水,以及消防給水的要求。
3.1.2 自備水源的供水管道嚴(yán)禁與城鎮(zhèn)給水管道直接連接。
3.1.3 中水、回用雨水等非生活飲用水管道嚴(yán)禁與生活飲用水管道連接。
3.1.4 生活飲用水應(yīng)設(shè)有防止管道內(nèi)產(chǎn)生虹吸回流、背壓回流等污染的措施。
3.1.5 在滿(mǎn)足使用要求與衛(wèi)生安全的條件下,建筑給水系統(tǒng)應(yīng)節(jié)水節(jié)能,系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的噪聲和振動(dòng)等不得影響人們的正常工作和生活。
3.1.6 生活飲用水給水系統(tǒng)的涉水產(chǎn)品應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《生活飲用水輸配水設(shè)備及防護(hù)材料的安全性評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB/T 17219的規(guī)定。
3.1.7 小區(qū)給水系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)綜合利用各種水資源,充分利用再生水、雨水等非傳統(tǒng)水源;優(yōu)先采用循環(huán)和重復(fù)利用給水系統(tǒng)。
3.2 用水定額和水壓
3.2.1 住宅生活用水定額及小時(shí)變化系數(shù),可根據(jù)住宅類(lèi)別、建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、衛(wèi)生器具設(shè)置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等因素按表3.2.1確定。