Safety of Toys - Part 2: Mechanical and Physical Properties
玩具安全 第2部分：機械與物理性能
1 Scope
The requirements in this part of GB 6675 apply to all toys, i.e. any product or material designed or clearly intended for use in play by children under 14 years of age. They are applicable to a toy as it is initially received by the consumer and, in addition, they apply after a toy is subjected to reasonably foreseeable conditions of normal use and abuse unless specifically noted otherwise.
The requirements of this part specify acceptable criteria for structural characteristics of toys, such as shape, size, contour, spacing (e.g. rattles, small parts, sharp points and edges, and hinge-line clearances) as well as acceptable criteria for properties peculiar to certain categories of toy (e.g. maximum kinetic energy values for non-resilient-tipped projectiles and minimum tip angles for certain ride-on toys).
This part specifies requirements and test methods for toys intended for use by children in various age groups from birth to 14 years. The requirements vary according to the age group for which a particular toy is intended. The requirements for a particular age group reflect the nature of the hazards and the expected mental and/or physical abilities of a child to cope with them.
Note 1: See Appendix A "Age-grading Guidelines" and see GB/T 28022 for division of age groups in more details.
This part also requires that appropriate warnings and/or instructions for use be given on certain toys or their packaging. The wording of these warnings and instructions is given as general information in Annex B.
This part does not purport to cover or include every conceivable potential hazard of a particular toy or toy category. Except for labelling requirements indicating the functional hazards and the age range for which the toy is intended, this part has no requirements for those characteristics of toys which represent an inherent and recognized hazard which is integral to the function of the toy.
Note 2: An example of such a hazard is the sharp point necessary for the proper function of a needle. The needle is a hazard which is well understood by the purchaser of a toy sewing kit, and the functional sharp-point hazard is communicated to the user as part of the normal educational process of learning to sew as well as at the point of purchase by means of cautionary labelling on the product's packaging.
Note 3: As a further example, a toy scooter has inherent and recognized hazards associated with its use (e.g. instability during use, especially whilst learning). The potential hazards associated with its structural characteristics (sharp edges, pinch hazards, etc.) will be minimized by compliance with the requirements of this part.
Products not included within the scope of this part are:
a) Bicycles, except for those considered to be toys, i.e. those having a maximum saddle height of 435 mm (see Clause E.1);
b) Slingshots;
c) Darts with metal points;
d) Home and public playground equipment;
e) Compressed air- and gas-operated guns and pistols (see Clause E.1);
f) Kites (except for the electric resistance of their strings, which is included);
g) Model kits, hobby and craft items, in which the finished item is not primarily of play value;
h) Sporting goods and equipment, camping goods, athletic equipment, musical instruments and furniture; however, toys which are their counterparts are included.
It is recognized that there is often a fine distinction between, for example a musical instrument or a sporting item and its toy counterpart. The intention of the manufacturer or distributor, as well as normal use and reasonably foreseeable abuse, determines whether the item is a toy counterpart or not;
i) Models of aircraft, rockets, boats and land vehicles powered by combustion engines; however, toys which are their counterparts are included (see Clause E.1);
j) Collectible products not intended for children under 14 years of age;
k) Holiday decorations that are primarily intended for ornamental purposes;
l) Aquatic equipment intended to be used in deep water, swimming-learning devices and flotation aids for children such as swim-seats and swim-aids;
m) Toys installed in public places (e.g. arcades and shopping centers);
n) Puzzles having more than 500 pieces or without a picture, for specialists;
o) Fireworks including percussion caps, except percussion caps specifically designed for toys;
p) Products containing heating elements intended for use under the supervision of an adult in a teaching context;
q) Steam engines;
r) Video toys that can be connected to a video screen and operated at a nominal voltage greater than 24V;
s) Babies' pacifiers (dummies);
t) Faithful reproduction of firearms;
u) Electric ovens, irons or other functional products operated at a nominal voltage greater than 24V;
v) Bows for archery with an overall relaxed length exceeding 120cm;
w) Fashion jewellery for children (see Clause E.1).
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this Document. For dated references, only the dated edition applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendment) applies.
GB/T 230.1 Metallic Materials - Rockwell Hardness Test - Part 1: Test methods (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (GB/T 230.1-2009, ISO 6508-1:2005, MOD)
GB/T 2411 "Plastics and Ebonite - Determination of Indentation Hardness by Means of a Duronmeter (Shore Hardness)" (GB/T 2411-2008, ISO 868: 2003, IDT)
GB/T 3505 "Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface Texture: Profile Method - Terms Definitions and Surface Texture Parameters"(GB/T 3505-2009, ISO 4287: 1997, IDT)
GB/T 3768-1996 "Acoustics - Determination of Sound Power Levels of Noise Sources Using Sound Pressure - Survey Method Using an Enveloping Measurement Surface over a Reflecting Plane" (eqv ISO 3746: 1995)
GB/T 3785.1-2010 "Electroacoustics - Sound Level Meters - Part 1: Specifications" (IEC 61672-1: 2002, IDT)
GB/T 3785.2-2010 "Electroacoustics - Sound Level Meters - Part 2: Pattern Evaluation Tests" (IEC 61672-2: 2003, IDT)
GB/T 6672 "Plastics Film and Sheeting - Determination of Thickness by Mechanical Scanning" (GB/T 6672-2001, idt ISO 4593: 1993)
GB 14746 "Safety Requirements for Bicycles for Young Children" (GB/T 14746-2006, ISO 8098: 2002, IDT)
GB/T 17248.2 "Acoustics - Noise Emitted by Machinery and Equipment - Measurement of Emission Sound Pressure Levels at a Work Station and at Other Specified Positions - Engineering Method in an Essentially Free Field Over a Reflecting Plane" (GB/T 17248.2-1999, eqv ISO 11201: 1995)
GB/T 17248.3 "Acoustics - Noise Emitted by Machinery and Equipment - Measurement of Emission Sound Pressure Levels at a Work Station and at Other Specified Positions - Survey Method in Situ" (GB/T 17248.3-1999, eqv ISO 11202: 1995)
GB/T 17248.5 "Acoustics - Noise Emitted by Machinery and Equipment - Measurement of Emission sound Pressure Levels at a Work Station and at Other Specified Positions - Method Requiring Environmental Corrections" (GB/T 17248.5-1999, eqv ISO 11204: 1995)
GB/T 26710 "Safety of Toys – Graphical Symbol for Age Warning Labelling"
GB/T 28022 "Age Determination Guidelines for Toys"
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
Note: The requirements in this part of GB 6675 are applicable to certain age ranges. For interpretation of these age ranges, see Clause E.42 (age-break terminology).
3.1
Accessible
(Part or component) area of the toy which can be contacted by any portion forward of the collar of the accessibility probe as described in 5.7.
3.2
Aquatic toy
Article, whether inflatable or not, intended to bear the mass of a child and used as an instrument of play in shallow water.
Note: Bathroom toys and beach balls are not considered aquatic toys.
3.3
Ball
Spherical, ovoid or ellipsoidal object designed or intended to be thrown, hit, kicked, rolled, dropped or bounced.
Note 1: This definition includes balls attached to a toy or article by a string, elastic cord or similar tether and also any multi-sided object formed by connecting planes into, and any novelty item of, a generally spherical, ovoid or ellipsoidal shape designed or intended to be used as a ball.
Note 2: This definition does not include dice, or balls permanently enclosed inside pinball machines, mazes or similar outer containers. A ball is permanently enclosed if, when tested according to 5.24 (reasonably foreseeable abuse), it is not removed from the outer container.
3.4
Backing
Material adhering to flexible plastic sheeting.
3.5
Battery-operated toy
Toy having at least one function dependent on electricity and powered by batteries.
3.6
Burr
Roughness caused by not cleanly severing or finishing the material.
3.7
Collapse
Sudden or unexpected folding of a structure.
3.8
Cord
Length of slender, flexible material.
Note: Doll hair is not considered a cord.
Example: Monofilaments, woven and twisted cord, rope, plastic textile tapes, ribbon and those fibrous materials known as string.
3.9
Crushing
Injury to part of the body resulting from compression between two rigid surfaces.
3.10
Discharge mechanism
Inanimate system for releasing and propelling a projectile.
3.11
Driving mechanism
Assembly of linked parts or components (e.g. gears, belts and winding mechanisms), at least one of which moves, powered by a source (e.g. electrical or mechanical means) independent of a child.
3.12
Edge
Line, formed at the junction of two surfaces, whose length exceeds 2.0mm.
3.12.1
Curled edge
Edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle of less than 90° with the base sheet.
See Figure 1a).
3.12.2
Hemmed edge
Edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is folded back on the sheet itself through an angle of approximately 180°, so that the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is approximately parallel to the main sheet.
See Figure 1b).
3.12.3
Rolled edge
Edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle between 90° and 120° with the main sheet.
See Figure 1c).
a) Rolled edge b) Hemmed (folded) edge
c) Curled edge d) Typical lap joint
Key,
a——no limit.
Figure 1 Edges
3.13
Expanding material
Material whose volume expands when exposed to water.
3.14
Fastener
Mechanical device which attaches two or more elements together.
Example: Screws, rivets and staples.
3.15
Feathering
Bevelling of an edge (or decrease in thickness moving toward the edge) caused during shearing or cutting of material.
3.16
Flash
Excess material that escapes between the mating parts of a mould assembly.
3.17
Folding mechanism
Hinged, pivoted, folding or sliding assembly which could crush, scissor, pinch or shear during operation.
Example: Toy ironing boards, toy pushchairs.
3.18
Functional toy
Toy which performs and is used in the same way as, and is often a scale model of, a certain product, appliance or installation intended for adults.
Example: Stove with heating properties.
3.19
Fuzz
Bits of fibrous-type material which can be readily removed from toys with a pile surface.
3.20
Glass
Hard, brittle, amorphous substance produced by fusion, usually consisting of mutually dissolved silica and silicates which also contain soda and lime.
3.21
Harm
Physical injury or damage to the health of people or damage to property or the environment.
3.22
Hazard
Potential source of harm.
Note: The term "hazard" can be qualified in order to define its origin or the nature of the expected harm (i.e. electric shock hazard, crushing hazard, cutting hazard, toxic hazard, fire hazard or drowning hazard).
3.23
Hazardous projection
Projection that, because of its material or configuration or both, may present a puncture hazard should a child step on or fall onto it.
Note 1: Excluded from this definition are puncture hazards to the eyes and/or mouth, because of the impossibility of eliminating puncture hazards to those areas of the body by product design.
Note 2: If the projection is on a small toy which topples over when pressure is applied to the end of the projection, it is unlikely to present a hazard.
3.24
Hazardous sharp edge
Accessible edge of a toy which presents an unreasonable risk of injury during normal use and reasonably foreseeable abuse.
3.25
Hazardous sharp point
Accessible point of a toy which presents an unreasonable risk of injury during normal use or reasonably foreseeable abuse.
3.26
Hinge-line clearance
Distance between the stationary portion of a toy and the movable portion along or adjacent to a line projected through the axis of rotation. See Figure 2.
Key
A——hinge-line clearance between assembled edges;
1——hinge line;
2——lid;
3——box.
Figure 2 Hinge-Line Clearance
3.27
Intended use
Use of a product, process or service in accordance with information provided by the supplier.
3.28
Lap joint
Joint in which an edge overlaps a parallel surface but is not necessarily mechanically attached to it at all points along the length.
See Figure 1d).
3.29
Large and bulky toy
Toy that has a projected base area of more than 0.26m2 or a volume of more than 0.08m3 calculated without regard to minor appendages.
Note: The base area for toys having permanently attached legs is measured by calculating the area enclosed by straight lines connecting the outermost edge of each leg of the perimeter.
3.30
Marble
Sphere made of hard material, such as glass, agate, marble or plastic, which is used in various children's games, generally as a playing piece or marker.
3.31
Metal
Material comprising elemental metal and/or metal alloys.
3.32
Normal use
Play modes that conform to the instructions which accompany the toy, and which have been established by tradition or custom, or which are evident from an examination of the toy.
3.33
Packaging
Material accompanying the toy when purchased, but having no intended play function.
3.34
Paper
Material, marketed as either paper or paperboard, with a maximum mass per unit area of 400g/m2.
3.35
Play furniture
Furniture intended for use by a child and intended to, or likely to, support the mass of a child.
3.36
Pompom
Lengths or strands of fibre, yarn or thread clamped or secured and tied in the center, and brushed up to form a spherical shape.
Note 1: This definition includes spherical-shaped attachments made of stuffed materials (see Figure 3).
Note 2: Tassels with long strands are not considered pompoms (see Figure 4).
Figure 3 Regular and Rounded Pompoms
Figure 4 Tassel with Long Strands
3.37
Projectile
Object intended to be launched into free flight, or a trajectory, in the air.
3.38
Projectile toy with stored energy
Toy with a projectile propelled by means of a discharge mechanism capable of storing and releasing energy.
3.39
Projectile toy without stored energy
Projectile discharged by the energy imparted by a child.
3.40
Protective cap，protective cover or protective tip
Component that is attached to a potentially hazardous edge or projection to reduce the risk of injury.
3.41
Pull toy
Toy that is intended to be pulled along the floor or ground.
Note: Toys intended for children aged 36 months and over are not regarded as pull toys.
3.42
Reasonably foreseeable abuse
Use of a toy under conditions or for purposes not intended by the supplier, but which can happen, induced by the toy in combination with, or as a result of, common behavior in a child.
Example: Deliberate disassembly, dropping or use of a toy for a purpose for which it was not intended.
Note: Tests simulating reasonably foreseeable abuse are given in 5.24.
3.43
Removable component
Part or component that is intended to be removed from the toy without the use of tools.
3.44
Rigidity
Hardness of material exceeding 70 Shore A, measured in accordance with GB/T 2411.
3.45
Risk
Combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm.
3.46
Simulated protective equipment
Toys designed to mimic products which infer some sort of physical protection to the wearer.
Example: Protective helmets and visors.
3.47
Soft-filled toy; stuffed toy
Toy, clothed or unclothed, with soft body surfaces and filled with soft materials, allowing easy compression of the torso by hand.
3.48
Splinter
Sharp pointed fragment.
3.49
Springs
3.49.1
Helical spring
Spring in the form of a coil.
See Figure 5.
3.49.1.1
Compression spring
Helical spring which essentially returns to its initial state after compression.
3.49.1.2
Extension spring
Helical spring which essentially returns to its initial state after tension.
3.49.2
Spiral spring
Clockwork-type spring.
See Figure 6.
Figure 5 Helical Spring
Figure 6 Spiral Spring
3.50
Tether
Toy designed for oral use and intended primarily for symptomatic relief of teething discomfort.
3.51
Tool
Screwdriver, coin or other object which may be used to operate a screw, clip or similar fixing device.
3.52
Toy
Any product or material designed or clearly intended for use in play by children less than 14 years of age.
3.53
Toy bicycle
Two-wheeled vehicle, with or without stabilizers, with a maximum saddle height of 435 mm and which is propelled solely by the muscular energy of a child on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals.
3.54
Toy chest
Container with a hinged lid enclosing a volume greater than 0.03m3, specifically designed for storing toys.
3.55
Resilient material
Any material having a hardness value of less than 70 Shore A, measured in accordance with GB/T 2411.
3.56
Squeeze toy
Hand-held pliable toy, usually incorporating a noise-making feature activated by forcing air through an opening when flexed or squeezed and which usually recovers its original shape when released.
3.57
Close-to-the-ear toy
Toy that is intended to be used close to the ear, i.e. the sound-emitting part of such a toy is normally put against the ear of a child.
Example: Toy cellphones or toy telephones that emit sounds from the handpiece.
3.58
Continuous sound
Any steady-state sound or group of variable sounds greater than one second in duration.
3.59
C-weighted peak sound pressure level
LpCpeak
Peak sound pressure level obtained when using standardized C-weighting.
3.60
A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level
LpAeq
Steady-state sound level having the same A-weighted sound energy as sound varying with time within a specified time and at designated position.
3.61
Explosive action
Sudden release of energy characterized by the rapid expansion or bursting of a material.
3.62
Hand-held toy
Toy that is intended to be used or operated while being held in the hand.
Example: Toy tools, small electronic games, stuffed animals, dolls, musical toys and cap-firing toys.
3.63
Impulsive sound
Sound that is characterized by a brief excursion of sound pressure significantly exceeding the ambient noise, typically less than one second in duration.
3.64
Maximum A-weighted sound pressure level
LpAmax
Maximum sound pressure level obtained when using standardized A-weighting and fast response (time weighting).
3.65
Rattle
Toy that is clearly designed to emit sound when shaken, typically intended for children who are too young to sit up unaided.
3.66
Table-top, floor and crib toy
Toys intended to be played with while attached to or resting on a table top, floor or crib.
Example: Toy vehicles, stacking toy, large heavy toy, game appliance and movable toy attached to the crib enclosure.
3.67
Functional magnet in electrical or electronic components of toys
Magnet provided in motor, relay, horn and other electrical or electronic components necessary for the proper function of them, but its magnetic property is not intended for play.
3.68
Magnetic component
Any toy component, connected with magnet and, completely or partially, enclosing the magnet.
3.69
Magnetic/electrical experimental set
Toy, containing one or more magnets, is intended for the educational electromagnetics experiment.
4 Requirements
4.1 Normal Use (see E.2)
Toys shall be tested to simulate reasonably foreseeable normal use in order to ensure that hazards are not generated as a result of normal wear and/or deterioration (see Clause E.2 for guidance).
Toys labelled as washable shall be subjected to washing in accordance with 5.23 (preprocessing of washable toys).
After testing, the toy shall continue to conform to the relevant requirements of Clause 4.
4.2 Reasonably Foreseeable Abuse (See Clause E.3)
All toys shall be tested in accordance with the relevant normal use tests in 5.1 to 5.23. After the normal use tests, toys intended for children under 96 months, unless otherwise stated, shall be tested in accordance with 5.24 (reasonably foreseeable abuse test) for reasonably foreseeable abuse (see Clause E.3).
After testing, the toy shall continue to conform to the relevant requirements of Clause 4.
4.3 Materials
4.3.1 Material quality (See Clause E.4)
All materials shall be visually clean and free from infestation. The materials shall be assessed visually by normal corrected vision rather than under magnification.
4.3.2 Expanding material (See Clause E.5)
Toys and components of toys which fit entirely in the small parts cylinder when tested in accordance with 5.2 (small parts test) shall not expand more than 50% in any dimension when tested in accordance with 5.21 (expanding materials).
This requirement does not apply to seeds in growing kits.
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Requirements
4.1 Normal Use (see E.2)
4.2 Reasonably Foreseeable Abuse (See Clause E.3)
4.3 Materials
4.4 Small Parts (See Clause E.6)
4.5 Shape, Size and Strength of Certain Toys (See Clause E.7)
4.6 Edge (See Clause E.11)
4.7 Points (See Clause E.12)
4.8 Projections (See Clause E.13)
4.9 Metal Wires and Rods (See Clause E.14)
4.10 Plastic Film Or Plastic Bags In Packaging And In Toys (See Clause E.15)
4.11 Cords and Elastics (See Clause E.16)
4.12 Folding Mechanisms
4.13 Holes, Clearances and Accessibility of Mechanisms
4.14 Springs (See Clause E.25)
4.15 Stability and Overload Requirements
4.17 Simulated Protective Equipment, Such as Helmets, Hats and Goggles (See Clause E.31)
4.18 Projectile Toys (See Clause E.32)
4.19 Aquatic Toys (See Clause E.33)
4.20 Braking (See Clause E.34)
4.21 Toy Bicycles (See 4.13.3 and Clause E.35)
4.22 Speed Limitation of Electrically Driven Ride-on Toys (See Clause E.36)
4.23 Toys Containing a Heat Source
4.24 Liquid-filled Toys (See Clause E.37)
4.25 Mouth-actuated Toys (See Clause E.38)
4.26 Toy Roller Skates, Toy Inline Skates and Toy Skateboards
4.27 Percussion Caps (See Clause E.39)
4.28 Acoustic Requirements (See Clause E.41)
4.29 Magnetic Body And Magnetic Component (See Clause E.43)
5 Test Methods
5.1 General
5.2 Small Parts Test (See 4.3.2, 4.4, 4.18.2 and 4.25)
5.3 Test for Shape and Size of Certain Toys (See 4.5.1)
5.4 Small Balls Test (See 4.5.2.)
5.5 Test for Pompoms (See 4.5.3)
5.6 Test for Pre-school Play Figures (See 4.5.4)
5.7 Accessibility of A Part or Component (See 4.6, 4.7, 4.13 and 4.14.)
5.8 Sharp-edge Test (See 4.6 and 4.9)
5.9 Sharp-point Test (See 4.7 and 4.9)
5.10 Determination of Thickness of Plastic Film and Sheeting (See 4.10)
5.11 Test for Cords
5.12 Stability and Overload Tests (See 4.15)
5.13 Test for Closures and Toy Chest Lids (See 4.16.2)
5.14 Impact test for toys that cover the face (See 4.17)
5.15 Kinetic Energy of Projectiles, Bows and Arrows (See 4.18)
5.16 Free-wheeling Facility and Brake Performance Test
5.17 Determination of Speed of Electrically Driven Ride-on Toys (See 4.22)
5.18 Determination of Temperature Increases (See 4.23)
5.19 Leakage of Liquid-filled Toys (See 4.24)
5.20 Durability of Mouth-actuated Toys (See 4.25)
5.21 Expanding Materials (See 4.3.2)
5.22 Folding or Sliding Mechanisms
5.23 Preprocessing of Washable Toys (See 4.1)
5.24 Reasonably Foreseeable Abuse Test (see 4.2)
5.25 Determination of Sound Pressure Levels(see 4.28)
5.26 Tension Test for Magnets
5.27 Magnetic Flux Index
5.28 Impact Test for Magnets
5.29 Soaking Test for Magnets
Annex A (Informative) Age-grading Guidelines
Annex B (Informative) Safety-labeling Guidelines and Manufacturer's Markings
Annex C (Informative) Design Guidelines for Toys Attached to Cribs or Playpens
Annex D (informative) Toy Gun Marking
Annex E (Informative) Rationale
Bibliography
