標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編號(hào):	GB/T 14048.5-2017
中文名稱:	低壓開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備 第5-1部分：控制電路電器和開(kāi)關(guān)元件 機(jī)電式控制電路電器
英文名稱:	Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear-Part 5-1:Control circuit devices and switching element-Electromechanical control circuit devices
中標(biāo)分類(lèi):	K31    低壓配電電器
行業(yè)分類(lèi):	GB    國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
ICS分類(lèi):	29.120.40 29.120.40    開(kāi)關(guān) 29.120.40
發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu):	中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局 中國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)
發(fā)布日期:	2017-11-01
實(shí)施日期:	2018-5-1
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài):	valid
替代舊標(biāo)準(zhǔn):	GB 14048.5-2008 低壓開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備 第5-1部分：控制電路電器和開(kāi)關(guān)元件 機(jī)電式控制電路電器
翻譯語(yǔ)言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數(shù):	80000 字
翻譯價(jià)格(元):	2000.0
交付時(shí)間:	付款后 1 個(gè)工作日

The Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear consists of the following parts: ——Part 1: General rules; ——Part 2: Circuit-breakers; ——Part 3: Switches, disconnectors, switch-disconnectors and fuse-combination units; ——Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters - Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters (Including motor protector); ——Part 4-2: Contactors and motor-starters - AC semiconductor motor controllers and starters (including soft-starters); ——Part 4-3: Contactors and motor-starters - AC semiconductor controllers and contactors for non-motor loads; ——Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching element - Electromechanical control circuit devices; ——Part 5-2: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Proximity switches; ——Part 5-3: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Requirements for proximity devices with defined behaviour under fault conditions (PDDB); ——Part 5-4: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Method of assessing the performance of low-energy contacts - Special tests; ——Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function; ——Part 5-6: Control circuit devices and switching elements - DC interface for proximity sensors and switching amplifiers (NAMUR); ——Part 5-7: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Requirements for proximity devices with analogue output; ? ——Part 5-8: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Three-position enabling switches; ——Part 5-9: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Flow rate switches; ——Part 6-1: Multiple function equipment - Transfer switching equipment; ——Part 6-2: Multiple function equipment - Control and protective switching devices (or equipment) (CPS); ——Part 7-1: Ancillary equipment - Terminal blocks for copper conductors; ——Part 7-2: Ancillary equipment - Protective conductor terminal blocks for copper conductors; ——Part 7-3: Ancillary equipment - Safety requirements for fuse terminal blocks; ——Part 8: Control units for built-in thermal protection (PTC) for rotating electrical machines. This part is Part 5-1 of the Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear. This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces GB/T 14048.5-2008 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching element - Electromechanical control circuit devices. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 14048.5-2008: ——The characteristic requirements related to making and breaking operational overvoltages are deleted (see 4.9 of Edition 2008); ——The requirements related to the polarity of contact elements are added (see 4.10); ——The content of information that shall be given by the manufacturer is added [see 5.1o)~5.1p)]; ——The requirements for the marking of terminals, emergency stop, etc. are modified (see 5.2.1~5.2.4; and 5.2.1~5.2.4 of Edition 2008); ——The requirements for glow-wire testing and test based on flammability category are added (see 7.1.2.2 and 7.1.2.3); ——The requirements for clearances and creepage distances are modified, and the corresponding provisions in IEC 60947-1 are directly quoted (see 7.1.4; 7.1.3 of Edition 2008); ——The requirements related to maximum recovery time are added (see 7.2.8); ——The requirements related to immunity are modified (see 7.3.2; 7.3 of Edition 2008); ——The kinds of special tests that can be carried out, including damp heat, salt mist, vibration and shock tests, are added (see 8.1.5); ——The requirements for electrical performance and ageing test of screwless-type clamping units are added (see 8.2.4.7~8.2.4.8); ——The requirements for velocity of movement rotary switches are added (see 8.3.2.1); ——The requirements for expected current adjustment in test circuit and test quantities are modified (see 8.3.4.3; 8.3.4.3 of Edition 2008); ——The tests for EMC are added (see 8.4); ——Figure 10 "Voltage drop measurement at contact point of the clamping unit or terminal" is added (see 8.4.4); ——Annex D "Clearances and creepage distances of control circuit devices" is deleted and left vacant; ——The requirements for the pulling force of cable in pull-out test are modified (see G.8.2.2; G.8.1.1 of Edition 2008); ——The general requirements for the verification test of electromagnetic compatibility and immunity test of control circuit devices with semiconductor switch elements are modified (see H.8.7.1~H.8.7.2; H.8.7.1~H.8.7.2 of Edition 2008); ——The requirements related to colour of lens are deleted (see Annex J); ——The requirements for terminal marking, distinctive number and distinctive letter for control circuit devices are added (see Annex M); ——"Procedure to determine reliability data for electromechanical devices in control circuits used in functional safety applications" is added (see Annex N). ? This part has been redrafted and modified in relation to IEC 60947-5-1:2016 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Electromechanical control circuit devices. The main technical differences with respect to IEC 60947-5-1:2016 and the reasons are as follows: ——As for the normative references, adjustments of technical differences are made to this part to keep them in line with the technical conditions in China. The adjustments are embodied in a concentrated way in Clause 2 "Normative references", specifically as follows: ? The national standard GB/T 14048.1-2012 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules is added. ——The requirements for humidity resisting qualities of materials are modified to "as specified in GB/T 14048.1-2012, Annex K" in 7.1.2.1 "General materials requirements". As IEC 60947-5-1:2016 does not gives specific requirements, but only states that "special attention shall be called", which cannot meet the needs of actual test verification in China, this requirement is modified. ——8.2.1.2 "Humidity resistance test" is added to the content of materials in Clause 8 "Tests". This subclause is added because the specific requirements for humidity resisting qualities of materials have been modified in 7.1.2.1. This standard was proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industrial Association. This part is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 189 National Technical Committee on Low-voltage Apparatus of Standardization Administration of China. The previous editions of this part are as follows: ——GB 14048.5-1993, GB 14048.5-2001, and GB/T 14048.5-2008. Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching element - Electromechanical control circuit devices 1 General 1.1 Scope and object This part of Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear applies to control circuit devices and switch elements intended for controlling, signalling, interlocking, etc., of switchgear and controlgear. It applies to control circuit devices having a rated voltage not exceeding 1,000V a.c. (at a frequency not exceeding 1,000Hz) or 600V d.c. However, for operational voltages below 100V a.c. or d.c., see 4.3.2.2. This part applies to specific types of control circuit devices such as: ——manually operated control switches, for example push-buttons, rotary switches, foot switches, etc.; ——electromagnetically operated control switches, either time delayed or instantaneous, for example contactor relays; ——pilot switches, for example pressure switches, temperature sensitive switches (thermostats), programmers, etc.; ——position switches, for example control switches operated by part of a machine or mechanism; ——associated control circuit device, for example indicator lights, etc. Note 1: A control circuit device includes (a) control switch(es) and associated devices such as (an) indicator light(s). Note 2: A control switch includes (a) switch element(s) and an actuating system. Note 3: A switch element may be a contact element or a semiconductor element. ? It also applies to specific types of switch elements associated with other devices (whose main circuits are covered by other standards) such as: ——auxiliary contacts of a switching device (e.g. contactor, circuit breaker, etc.) which are not dedicated exclusively for use with the coil of that device; ——interlocking contacts of enclosure doors; ——control circuit contacts of rotary switches; ——control circuit contacts of overload relays. Contactor relays also comply with the requirements and tests of IEC 60947-4-1:2009 +A1:2012 except for the utilization category which comply with this part. This part does not include the relays covered in GB/T 14598 or in the IEC 61810 series, nor automatic electrical control devices for household and similar purposes. The colour requirements of indicator lights, push-buttons, etc., are found in GB/T 4025-2010 and also in CIE S 0004/E-2001 from the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). The object of this part is to state: a) the characteristics of control circuit devices; b) the electrical and mechanical requirements with respect to: 1) the various duties to be performed; 2) the significance of the rated characteristics and of the markings; 3) the tests to verify the rated characteristics. c) the functional requirements to be satisfied by the control circuit devices with respect to: 1) environmental conditions, including those of enclosed equipment; 2) dielectric properties; 3) terminals. ? 1.2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 2423.4-2008 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test method - Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12h+12h cycle) (IEC 60068-2-30:2005, IDT) GB/T 2423.22-2012 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test methods - Test N: Change of temperature (IEC 60068-2-14:2009, IDT) GB/T 4025-2010 Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification - Coding principles for indicators and actuators (IEC 60073:2002, IDT) GB/T 14048.1-2012 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules (IEC 60947-1:2011, MOD) GB/T 17464-2012 Connecting devices - Electrical copper conductors - Safety requirements for screw-type and screwless-type clamping units - General requirements and particular requirements for clamping units for conductors from 0.2mm2 up to 35mm2 (included) (IEC 60999-1:1999, IDT) GB/T 17626.11-2008 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests (IEC 61000-4-11:2004, IDT) IEC 60068-2-6:2007 Environmental testing - Part 2-6: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) IEC 60068-2-27:2008 Environmental testing - Part 2-27: Tests - Test Ea and guidance: Shock IEC 60417-DB:2002 Graphical symbols for use on equipment IEC 60617-DB:2012 Graphical symbols for diagrams IEC 60695-2-10:2013 Fire hazard testing - Part 2-10: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure IEC 60695-2-11:2014 Fire hazard testing - Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT) IEC 60695-2-12:2010 Fire hazard testing - Part 2-12: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials IEC 60695-2-12:2010/A1:2014 Amendment 1, 2014 IEC 60947-1:2007 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules IEC 60947-1:2007/A1:2010 Amendment 1, 2010 IEC 60947-1:2007/A2:2014 Amendment 2, 2014 IEC 60947-4-1:2009 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters - Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters IEC 60947-4-1:2009/A1:2012 Amendment 1, 2012 IEC 60947-5-5:1997 Low voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function IEC 60947-5-5:1997/A1:2005 Amendment 1, 2005 IEC 60947-5-5:1997/A2:2016 Amendment 2, 2016 IEC 61000-3-2 Electromagnetic compatibility ( EMC) - Part 3-2: Limits - Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current <16A per phase) IEC 61000-3-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-3: Limits - Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems, for equipment with rated current <16A per phase and not subject to conditional connection IEC 61000-4-2:2008 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test IEC 61000-4-3:2006 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-3:2006/A1:2007 Amendment 1, 2007 IEC 61000-4-3:2006/A2:2010 Amendment 2, 2010 IEC 61000-4-4:2012 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques - Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test IEC 61000-4-5:2014 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques - Surge immunity test IEC 61000-4-6:2013 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-6: Testing and measurement techniques - Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields IEC 61000-4-8:2009 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-8: Testing and measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-13:2002 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-13: Testing and measurement techniques - Harmonics and interharmonics including mains signalling at a.c. power port, low frequency immunity tests IEC 61000-4-13:2002/A1:2009 Amendment 1, 2009 IEC 61000-4-13:2002/A2:2015 Amendment 2, 2015 IEC 61140:2016 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installation and equipment CISPR 11:2015 Industrial, scientific and medical equipment - Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement CIE S 004/E-2001 Colours of light signals 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60947-1:2007+A1:2010+A2:2014 and the following apply. 2.1 Basic terms and definitions 2.1.1 control circuit device an electrical device intended for the controlling, signalling, interlocking, etc., of switchgear and controlgear Note: Control circuit devices can include associated devices dealt with in other standards, such as instruments, potentiometers, relays, in so far as associated devices are used for the purposes specified above. 2.1.2 control switch (for control and auxiliary circuit) a mechanical switching device which serves the purpose of controlling the operation of switchgear or controlgear, including signalling, electrical interlocking, etc. Note 1: A control switch consists of one or more contact elements with a common actuating system. Note 2: A control switch may include semiconductor elements or contact elements (see 2.3.2 and 2.3.3). Note 3: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-14-46, modified. 2.1.3 control switch suitable for isolation a control switch which, in the open position, complies with the requirements specified for the isolating function (see IEC 60947-1:2007, 2.1.19 and 7.1.7) Note: Such control switches are intended to provide a higher degree of safety to personnel when working on the equipment controlled. For this reason, they have to be manually actuated relying on the intelligence of instructed persons to react in case they would fail to operate, e.g. in case of insufficiently opened contacts. 2.1.4 control station an assembly of one or more control switches fixed on the same panel or located in the same enclosure Note: A control station panel or enclosure may also contain related equipment, e.g. potentiometers, signal lamps, instruments, etc. [IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-12-08] 2.2 Control switches 2.2.1 automatic control switches Note: Automatic control switches are operated by automatic control (see IEC 60947-1:2007, 2.4.5). They are also designated as pilot switches (see IEC 60947-1:2007, 2.2.18). 2.2.1.1 instantaneous contactor relay a contactor relay operating without any intentional time delay Note: Unless otherwise stated, a contactor relay is generally an instantaneous contactor relay. [IEC 60050-441:1984, IEV 441-14-36] 2.2.1.2 time-delay contactor relay a contactor relay with specified time-delay characteristics Note 1: The time-delay may be associated with energization (e-delay) or with de-energization (d-delay) or both. Note 2: A time-delay contactor relay may also incorporate instantaneous contact elements. Note 3: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-14-37, modified. 2.2.1.3 position switch a pilot switch the actuating system of which is operated by a moving part of the machine, when this part reaches a predetermined position [IEC 60050-441:1984, EV 441-14-49] 2.2.1.4 programmer a control switch having a multiplicity of switch elements which, after initiation, operates in a defined sequence 2.2.2 manually operated control switches Note: Manually operated control switches are operated by manual control (see IEC 60947-1:2007, 2.4.4). 2.2.2.1 push-button a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by force exerted by a part of the human body, usually the finger or palm of the hand, and having stored energy (spring) return [IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-14-53] 2.2.2.2 pull-button a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by manual pull, and having stored energy (spring) return 2.2.2.3 push-pull button a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by manual push and returned to its initial position by manual pull, or vice versa Note: There are also “push-push” or “push-turn” or other combinations of buttons. 2.2.2.4 rotary button a combination of push-button type switch elements having an actuator operated by a manual rotation (see also 2.2.2.15 to 2.2.2.18 inclusive) Example: A selector switch. Note: A rotary push-button may have more than two positions; it may or may not have a spring return. 2.2.2.5 latched push-button a push-button with spring return, but which remains in the actuated position until a latch is released by a separate action Note: The latching may be released by subsequent actuation (such as pushing, turning, etc.) of the same or of an adjacent push-button or by the action of an electromagnet, etc. 2.2.2.6 locked push-button a push-button which may be secured in one or more of its positions by a separate action Note: The locking may be obtained by turning the button, by turning a key, by operating a lever, etc. 2.2.2.7 key-operated push-button a push-button which can only be operated as long as a key remains inserted Note: Key withdrawal may be provided at any position. 2.2.2.8 time-delay push-button a push-button the contacts of which return to the initial position only after a pre-determined interval of time following the release of the actuating force 2.2.2.9 delayed action push-button a push-button in which the switching operation does not occur until after the force on the button has been maintained for a pre-determined interval of time 2.2.2.10 illuminated push-button a push-button incorporating a signalling lamp in the button 2.2.2.11 covered push-button a push-button in which the button is protected against inadvertent operation by a lid or a cover 2.2.2.12 shrouded push-button a push-button in which the button is protected against inadvertent operation in certain directions 2.2.2.13 free push-button a push-button in which the rotation of the actuator around its axis is not limited 2.2.2.14 guided push-button a push-button in which the rotation of the actuator around its axis is prevented Note: Examples of guided push-buttons: the actuators of which are keyed, square or rectangular, etc. 2.2.2.15 rotary control switch rotary switch (abbreviation) a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by rotation 2.2.2.16 key-operated rotary switch a rotary switch where a key is used as the actuator Note: Key withdrawal may be provided at any position. 2.2.2.17 limited movement rotary switch a rotary switch with a restricted angular movement of its actuator 2.2.2.18 unidirectional movement rotary switch a rotary switch in which the actuating system allows rotation in one direction only 2.2.2.19 joy stick a control switch having an actuator consisting of a pin or stick projecting essentially at a right angle from the panel or enclosure when in one of its positions and intended to be operated by angular displacement Note 1: A joy stick may have more than two positions associated with different directions of the displacement of the stick and operating the contact elements differently: such a joy stick is referred to as a joy stick selector. Note 2: The pin or stick may or may not have a spring return. 2.2.2.20 wobble stick a joy stick which operates all contact elements alike, whatever be the direction of the displacement ? 2.2.2.21 foot switch (pedal) a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by force exerted by a foot Note: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-14-52, modified. 2.3 Parts of control switches 2.3.1 switch element a switch element may be a semiconductor element (see 2.3.2) or a contact element (see 2.3.3) 2.3.2 semiconductor element an element designed to switch the current of an electric circuit by means of the controlled conductivity of a semiconductor 2.3.3 contact element the parts, fixed and movable, conducting and insulating, of a control switch necessary to close and open one single conducting path of a circuit Note 1: The contact element and the actuating system may form an indivisible unit, but frequently one or more contact elements may be combined with one or more actuating system or systems. The actuating systems may be different. Note 2: Terms and definitions relating to various kinds of contact elements are given in 2.3.3.1 to 2.3.3.10 inclusive. Note 3: This definition does not include control coils and magnet systems. The following definitions refer to a single contact element of a control switch: 2.3.3.1 single gap contact element a contact element which opens or closes the conducting path of its circuit on one location only Note: See Figures 4a) and 4c). ? 2.3.3.2 double single gap contact element a contact element which opens or closes the conducting path of its circuit in two locations in series Note: See Figures 4b), 4d) and 4e). 2.3.3.3 make-contact element (normally open) a contact element which closes a conducting path when the control switch is actuated 2.3.3.4 break-contact element (normally closed) a contact element which opens a conducting path when the control switch is actuated 2.3.3.5 change-over contact elements a contact element combination which includes one make-contact element and one break-contact element Note: See Figures 4c), 4d) and 4e). 2.3.3.6 pulse (fleeting) contact element a contact element which opens or closes a circuit for a part of the travel during the transition of the actuator from one position to another 2.3.3.7 electrically separated contact elements contact elements belonging to the same control switch, but adequately insulated from each other so that they can be connected into electrically separated circuits, which can be either same polarity or opposite polarity Note: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-15-24, modified. 2.3.3.8 independent (snap) action contact element a contact element of a manual or automatic control device in which the velocity of contact motion is substantially independent of the velocity of motion of the actuator 2.3.3.9 dependent action contact element a contact element of a manual or automatic control device in which the velocity of contact motion depends on the velocity of motion of the actuator 2.3.3.10 contact unit a contact element or contact element combination which can be combined with similar units operated by a common actuating system 2.3.4 button the external end of the actuator of a push-button, to which the actuating force is applied 2.3.4.1 flush-button a button which is substantially level with the adjacent fixed surrounding surface when in its initial position and is below this surface when it is operated 2.3.4.2 recessed button a button which is below the adjacent fixed surrounding surface in both its initial and operated positions 2.3.4.3 extended button a button which protrudes above the adjacent fixed surrounding surface in both its initial and operated positions 2.3.4.4 mushroom button a button, the protruding end of which has an enlarged diameter 2.3.5 locating mechanism that part of the actuating system which retains the actuator and/or the contact elements in their positions Note: Other devices (e.g. a push-button with two positions, or an emergency stop) may also have such a function. 2.3.6 end stop a device that limits the travel of a moving part Note: An end stop may relate either to the actuator or to the contact element. ? 2.4 Operation of control switches 2.4.1 Operation of contactor relays 2.4.1.1 e-delay a delay in the operation of a contact element of a contactor relay, following the energization of the coil of the electromagnet of this contactor relay Example: Delay to close make-contacts (ON delay). Note: The terms "e-delay” and "d-delay" may be applied to any kind of contact elements (see 2.3.3). 2.4.1.2 d-delay a delay in the operation of a contact element of a contactor relay, following the de-energization of the coil of the electromagnet of this contactor relay Example: Delay to open make-contacts (OFF delay). Note: The terms "e-delay” and "d-delay" may be applied to any kind of contact elements (see 2.3.3). 2.4.1.3 fixed delay a delay in the operation of a contact element of a contactor relay, which is not intended to be adjusted in value 2.4.1.4 adjustable delay a delay in the operation of a contact element of a contactor relay, which is intended to be adjusted to different values after the installation of the contactor relay 2.4.2 Operation of pilot switches 2.4.2.1 actuating quantity the physical quantity, the value of which is decisive for the actuation or non-actuation of a pilot switch 2.4.2.2 operating value the value of the actuating quantity which is sufficient to cause a pilot switch to be actuated 2.4.2.3 return value the value of the actuating quantity which has to be re-established in order to cause an actuated pilot switch to return to its position of rest 2.4.2.4 different value the difference between the operating value and the return value 2.4.3 Operation of rotary switches 2.4.3.1 definite position (of a rotary switch) a position into which the locating mechanism pulls the rotary switch and retains it as long as the actuating moment does not exceed a certain value 2.4.3.2 position of rest a stable (definite) position into which the locating mechanism tends to move back and retain the rotary switch by stored energy 2.4.3.3 transit position a (definite) position in which the locating mechanism produces an intended marked change in the operating moment, but in which the actuator cannot remain by itself 2.4.3.4 biased position a (definite) position of a rotary switch in which the actuator is pulled against a stop from which it will return to a position of rest by means of stored energy (for example, by means of a spring) Note: During the transfer from a biased position to the adjacent position of rest, the rotary switch may pass through one or more transit positions. 2.4.3.5 latched position a biased position in which the return mechanism is held by a latching arrangement Note: The latching arrangement may be released manually or otherwise. 2.4.3.6 locked position a (definite) position in which a rotary switch is secured by separate action Note: The locking may be obtained by turning a key, operating a lever, etc. 2.4.3.7 operating diagram the representation of the intended order in which the contact elements of a rotary switch operate as a result of actuation 2.4.4 Operation of mechanically operated control switches 2.4.4.1 pre-travel of the actuator the maximum travel of the actuator which causes no travel of the contact elements Note: See Dimension a on Figure 2. 2.4.4.2 over-travel of the actuator the travel of the actuator after all the contacts have reached their closed (open) position 2.4.4.3 direct drive a connection between actuator and contact element that excludes any pre-travel of the actuator 2.4.4.4 positive drive a connection between actuator and contact element such that the force applied to the actuator is directly transmitted to the contact element 2.4.4.5 limited drive a connection between actuator and contact element that limits the force transmitted to the contact element 2.4.4.6 minimum starting force (or moment) the minimum value of force (or moment) initiating the pre-travel of the actuator 2.4.4.7 minimum actuating force (or moment) the minimum value of the force (or moment) to be applied to the actuator that will cause all contacts to reach their closed (open) position 2.4.4.8 pre-travel of the contact element the relative movement which occurs within the contact element before the contacts make (break) Note: See Dimension b on Figure 2. 2.4.4.9 over-travel of the contact element the relative movement which occurs within the contact element after the contacts have reached the make (break) position Note: See Dimension d on Figure 2. 2.4.4.10 bounce time for a contact which is closing/opening its circuit, time interval between the instant when the contact circuit first closes/opens and the instant when the circuit is finally closed/opened Note: IEC 60050-444:2002, 444-05-04, modified. 3 Classification 3.1 Contact elements Contact elements may be classified as follows: a) Utilization categories (see 4.4); b) Electrical ratings based on utilization categories (see Annex A); c) One of the following form letters (see Figure 4): 1) Form A – Single gap make-contact element; 2) Form B – Single gap break-contact element; 3) Form C – Single gap make-break three terminal change-over contact element; 4) Form X – Double gap make-contact element; 5) Form Y – Double gap break-contact element; 6) Form Z – Double gap make-break four terminal change-over contact element. d) Other types not included in c). Note 1: Regarding Figure 4e), the two moving contact elements are electrically separated (see 2.3.3.7). Note 2: Distinction is made between make before break (overlap) change-over contact elements where the two circuits are both closed for a part of the travel of the moving contacts from one position to the other, and break before make (non-overlap) change-over contact elements where the two circuits are both open for a part of the travel of the moving contacts from one position to the other. Unless otherwise stated, change-over contact elements are generally break before make. 3.2 Control switches Control switches may be classified according to the contact element and the nature of the actuating system, e.g. push-buttons, form X. 3.3 Control circuit devices Control circuit devices may be classified according to the control switch and the associated control circuit equipment, e.g. push-buttons plus indicator lights. 3.4 Time-delay switch elements Distinction is made according to how the time delay of a switch element is achieved, e.g. electrical delay, magnetic delay, mechanical delay, or pneumatic delay. 3.5 Control switch mounting The control switch mounting may be classified by the mounting hole size, e.g. D12, D16, D22, D30 (see 6.3.1). 4 Characteristics 4.1 Summary of characteristics 4.1.1 General The characteristics of control circuit devices and switch elements shall be stated in the following terms, where such terms are applicable: ——type of equipment (see 4.2); ——rated and limiting values for switch elements (see 4.3); ——utilization categories of switch elements (see 4.4); ——normal and abnormal load characteristics (see 4.3.6). 4.1.2 Operation of a control switch The principal application of a control switch is the switching of loads as indicated for the various utilization categories in Table 1. Other applications, e.g. the switching of tungsten filament lamps, small motors, etc., are not dealt with in detail in this part, but are mentioned in 4.3.6.2. 4.1.2.1 Normal conditions of use The normal use of a control switch is to close, maintain and open circuits in accordance with the utilization category shown in Table 1. Also refer to Table 4. 4.1.2.2 Abnormal conditions of use Abnormal conditions may arise, for example, when an electromagnet, although energized, has failed to close. Refer to Table 5. A control switch shall be able to break the current corresponding to such conditions of use. 4.2 Type of control circuit device or switch element 4.2.1 Kind of control circuit device The kind of control circuit device shall be stated: ——manually operated control switches, e.g. push-buttons, rotary switches, foot switches, etc.; ——electromagnetically operated control switches, either time delayed or instantaneous, e.g. contactor relays; ——pilot switches, e.g. pressure switches, temperature sensitive switches (thermostats), programmers, etc.; ——position switches; ——associated control circuit devices, e.g. indicator lights, etc. 4.2.2 Kind of switch elements The kind of switch elements shall be stated: ——auxiliary contacts of a switching device (e.g. contactor, circuit breaker, etc.) which are not dedicated exclusively for use with the coil of that device; ——interlocking contacts of enclosure doors; ——control circuit contacts of rotary switches; ——control circuit contacts of overload relays. 4.2.3 Number of poles The number of poles shall be stated. 4.2.4 Kind of current The kind of current shall be stated: ——alternating current; ——direct current. 4.2.5 Interrupting medium The interrupting medium shall be stated: ——air; ——oil; ——gas; ——vacuum, etc. 4.2.6 Operating conditions 4.2.6.1 Method of operation The method of operation shall be stated: ——manual; ——electromagnetic; ——pneumatic; ——electro-pneumatic. 4.2.6.2 Method of control The method of control shall be stated: ——automatic; ——non-automatic; ——semi-automatic. 4.3 Rated and limiting values for switch elements 4.3.1 General The rated values established for the switch elements of a control circuit device shall be stated in accordance with 4.3.2 to 4.3.6 inclusive but it is not necessary to specify all the values listed. 4.3.2 Rated voltages (of a switch element) 4.3.2.1 General A switch element is defined by the rated voltages described in 4.3.2.2 to 4.3.2.4. 4.3.2.2 Rated operational voltage (Ue) IEC 60947-1:2007, 4.3.1.1 applies with the following additions: For three-phase circuits, Ue is stated as r.m.s. voltage between phases. Note: A switch element can be assigned a number of combinations of rated operational voltage and rated operational current. Control switches dealt with in this part are not normally intended to be used at very low voltages and they may not be suitable for such a service. It is therefore recommended to seek the advice of the manufacturer concerning any application with a low value of operational voltage, e.g. below 100V a.c. or d.c.

Foreword II 1 General 2 Terms and definitions 3 Classification 4 Characteristics 5 Product information 6 Normal service, mounting and transport conditions 7 Constructional and performance requirements 8 Tests Annex A (Normative) Electrical ratings based on utilization categories (see 3.1) Annex B (Normative) Example of inductive test loads for d.c. contacts Annex C (Normative) Special tests – Durability tests Annex D Annex E (Normative) Items subject to agreement between manufacturer and user Annex F (Normative) Class II control circuit devices insulated by encapsulation Requirements and tests Annex G (Normative) Additional requirements for control circuit devices with integrally connected cables Annex H (Normative) Additional requirements for semiconductor switch elements for control circuit devices Annex J (Normative) Special requirements for indicator lights and indicating towers Annex K (Normative) Special requirements for control switches with direct opening action Annex L (Normative) Special requirements for mechanically linked contact elements Annex M (Normative) Terminal marking, distinctive number and distinctive letter for control circuit devices Annex N (Normative) Procedure to determine reliability data for electromechanical devices in control circuits used in functional safety applications Bibliography

低壓開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備 第5-1部分：控制電路電器和開(kāi)關(guān)元件 機(jī)電式控制電路電器 1 概述 1.1 范圍和目的 《低壓開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備》的本部分適用于在開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備中作控制、信號(hào)指示、聯(lián)鎖等用途的控制電路電器和開(kāi)關(guān)元件。 本部分適用于額定電壓交流不超過(guò)1000V(頻率不超過(guò)1000Hz)或直流不超過(guò)600V的控制電路電器。 對(duì)于工作電壓低于交流或直流100V的控制電路電器，見(jiàn)4.3.2.2。 本部分適用于下列規(guī)定型式的控制電路電器： ——人力操作控制開(kāi)關(guān)，例如：按鈕、旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)、腳踏開(kāi)關(guān)等； ——電磁操作控制開(kāi)關(guān)，具有延時(shí)或瞬時(shí)動(dòng)作，例如：接觸器式繼電器； ——指示開(kāi)關(guān)，例如：壓力開(kāi)關(guān)、溫敏開(kāi)關(guān)(熱敏開(kāi)關(guān))、程控器等。 ——位置開(kāi)關(guān)，例如：由機(jī)器或機(jī)械的一部分操控的控制開(kāi)關(guān)； ——有關(guān)的控制電路電器，例如：指示燈等。 注1：控制電路電器包括控制開(kāi)關(guān)和相關(guān)的電器，如指示燈。 注2：控制開(kāi)關(guān)包括開(kāi)關(guān)元件及操動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。 注3：開(kāi)關(guān)元件可以是觸頭元件或半導(dǎo)體元件。 本部分也適用于與其他電器(其主電路符合其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn))相關(guān)聯(lián)的規(guī)定型式的開(kāi)關(guān)元件，如： ——開(kāi)關(guān)電器(例如：接觸器、斷路器等)的輔助觸頭，該觸頭并不僅僅用于對(duì)開(kāi)關(guān)電器線圈的控制； ——外殼門(mén)上的聯(lián)鎖觸頭； ——旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)的控制電路觸頭； ——過(guò)載繼電器的控制電路觸頭。 接觸器式繼電器除符合本部分規(guī)定的使用類(lèi)別外，還應(yīng)符合IEC 60947-4-1：2009＋A1：2012的有關(guān)要求及試驗(yàn)。 本部分不包括GB/T 14598或IEC 61810系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中涉及的繼電器或家用及類(lèi)似用途的自動(dòng)電氣控制器件。 指示燈、按鈕等的顏色要求見(jiàn)GB/T 4025—2010，也可見(jiàn)國(guó)際照明委員會(huì)(CIE)出版的CIES 0004/E—2001。 本部分的目的是規(guī)定： a)控制電路電器的特性； b)有關(guān)下列內(nèi)容的電氣和機(jī)械要求： 1)需執(zhí)行的各種工作制； 2)額定性能和標(biāo)志的含義； 3)驗(yàn)證額定性能的試驗(yàn)。 c)控制電路電器應(yīng)滿足以下有關(guān)功能要求： 1)環(huán)境條件，包括封閉式裝置的環(huán)境條件； 2)介電性能； 3)接線端子。 1.2 規(guī)范性引用文件 下列文件對(duì)于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB/T 2423.4—2008 電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗(yàn) 第2部分：試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn) Db 交變濕熱(12h＋12h循環(huán))(IEC 60068-2-30：2005，IDT) GB/T 2423.22—2012 電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗(yàn) 第2部分：試驗(yàn)方法 試驗(yàn)N：溫度變化(IEC 60068-2-14：2009，IDT) GB/T 4025—2010 人機(jī)界面標(biāo)志標(biāo)識(shí)的基本和安全規(guī)則 指示器和操作器件的編碼規(guī)則(IEC 60073：2002，IDT) GB/T 14048.1—2012 低壓開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備 第1部分：總則(IEC 60947-1：2011，MOD) GB/T 17464—2012 連接器件 電氣銅導(dǎo)線 螺紋型和無(wú)螺紋型夾緊件的安全要求 適用于0.2mm2以上至35mm2(包括)導(dǎo)線的夾緊件的通用要求和特殊要求(IEC 60999-1：1999，IDT) GB/T 17626.11—2008 電磁兼容 試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù) 電壓暫降、短時(shí)中斷和電壓變化的抗擾度試驗(yàn)(IEC 61000-4-11：2004，IDT) IEC 60068-2-6：2007 環(huán)境試驗(yàn) 第2部分：試驗(yàn) 試驗(yàn)Fc：振動(dòng)(正弦)[Environmental testing—Part 2-6：Tests—Test Fc： Vibration (sinusoidal)] IEC 60068-2-27：2008 環(huán)境試驗(yàn) 第2部分：試驗(yàn)-試驗(yàn)Ea和導(dǎo)則：沖擊(Environmental testing—Part 2-27：Tests—Test Ea and guidance：Shock) IEC 60417-DB：2002 設(shè)備用圖形符號(hào)(Graphical symbols for use on equipment) IEC 60617-DB：2012 圖表用圖形符號(hào)(Graphical symbols for diagrams) IEC 60695-2-10：2013 電工電子產(chǎn)品著火危險(xiǎn)試驗(yàn) 第2-10部分：灼熱絲/熱絲基本試驗(yàn)方法灼熱絲裝置和通用試驗(yàn)方法(Fire hazad testing—Part 2-10：Glowing/hot-wire based test methods—Glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure) IEC 60695-2-11：2014 電工電子產(chǎn)品著火危險(xiǎn)試驗(yàn) 第2-11部分：灼熱絲/熱絲基本試驗(yàn)方法成品的灼熱絲可燃性試驗(yàn)方法(Fire hazard testing—Part 2-11：Glowing/hot-wire based test methods—Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT)) IEC 60695-2-12：2010 電工電子產(chǎn)品著火危險(xiǎn)試驗(yàn) 第12部分：灼熱絲/熱絲基本試驗(yàn)方法 材料的灼熱絲可燃性指數(shù)(GWFI)試驗(yàn)方法(Fire hazard testing—Part 2-12：Glowing/hot-wire based test methods—Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials) IEC 60695-2-12：2010/A1：2014第1號(hào)修改單(Amendment 1，2014) IEC 60947-1：2007 低壓開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備 第1部分：總則(Low-voltage switchgear and con-trolgear—Part 1：General rules) IEC 60947-1：2007/A1：2010第1號(hào)修改單(Amendment 1，2010) IEC 60947-1：2007/A2：2014第2號(hào)修改單(Amendment 2，2014) IEC 60947-4-1：2009 低壓開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備 第4-1部分：接觸器和電動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)器機(jī)電式接觸器和電動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)器(含電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)器)(Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear—Part 4-1：Contactors and motor-starters—Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters) IEC 60947-4-1：2009/A1：2012第1號(hào)修改單(Amendment 1，2012) IEC 60947-5-5：1997 低壓開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備 第5-5部分：控制電路電器和開(kāi)關(guān)元件 具有機(jī)械鎖閂功能的電氣緊急制動(dòng)裝置(Low voltage switchgear and controlgear—Part 5-5：Control circuit devices and switching elements—Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function) IEC 60947-5-5：1997/A1：2005第1號(hào)修改單(Amendment 1，2005) IEC 60947-5-5：1997/A2：2016第2號(hào)修改單(Amendment 2，2016) IEC 61000-3-2 電磁兼容(EMC) 第3-2部分：限值 諧波電流發(fā)射限值(設(shè)備每相輸入電流＜16A)(Electromagnetic compatibility ( EMC)—Part 3-2：Limits—Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current＜16A per phase)) IEC 61000-3-3 電磁兼容(EMC) 第3-3部分：限值 對(duì)每相額定電流＜6A且無(wú)條件接入的設(shè)備在公用低壓供電系統(tǒng)中產(chǎn)生的電壓變化、電壓波動(dòng)和閃爍的限制(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 3-3：Limits—Limitation of voltage changes，voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems，for equipment with rated current ＜16 A per phase and not subject to conditional connection) IEC 61000-4-2：2008 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-2部分：試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù)-靜電放電抗擾度試驗(yàn)(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-2：Testing and measurement techniques—Electrostatic discharge immunity test) IEC 61000-4-3：2006 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-3部分：試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù)-射頻場(chǎng)感應(yīng)的傳導(dǎo)騷擾抗擾度試驗(yàn)(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-3：Testing and measurement techniques—Radiated，radio-frequency，electromagnetic field immunity test) IEC 61000-4-3：2006/A1：2007第1號(hào)修改單(Amendment 1，2007) IEC 61000-4-3：2006/A2：2010第2號(hào)修改單(Amendment 2，2010) IEC 61000-4-4：2012 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4部分：試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù)-第4節(jié)：電快速瞬變脈沖群抗擾度試驗(yàn)-基本EMC文件(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-4：Testing and measure-ment techniques—Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test) IEC 61000-4-5：2014 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-5部分：試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù) 浪涌抗擾度試驗(yàn)(Elec-tromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-5：Testing and measurement techniques—Surge immunity test) IEC 61000-4-6：2013 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-6部分：試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù)射頻場(chǎng)感應(yīng)的傳導(dǎo)騷擾抗擾度(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-6：Testing and measurement techniques—Immu-nity to conducted disturbances，induced by radio frequency fields) IEC 61000-4-8：2009 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-8部分：試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù) 工頻磁場(chǎng)抗擾度試驗(yàn)(E-lectromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-8：Testing and measurement techniques—Power fre-quency magnetic field immunity test) IEC 61000-4-13：2002 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-13部分：試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù) 交流電源端口諧波、諧間波及電網(wǎng)信號(hào)的低頻抗擾度試驗(yàn)(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-13：Testing and measurement techniques—Harmonics and interharmonics including mains signalling at a.c.power port，low frequency immunity tests) IEC 61000-4-13：2002/A1：2009第1號(hào)修改單(Amendment 1，2009) IEC 61000-4-13：2002/A2：2015第2號(hào)修改單(Amendment 2，2015) IEC 61140：2016 電擊防護(hù) 裝置和設(shè)備的通用部分(Protection against electric shock—Common aspects for installation and equipment) CISPR 11：2015 工業(yè)、科學(xué)和醫(yī)療設(shè)備 射頻騷擾特性 限值和測(cè)量方法(Industrial，scientific and medical equipment—Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics—Limits and methods of meas-urement) CIE S 004/E-2001 照明信號(hào)顏色(Colours of Light Signals) 2 術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義 IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010＋A2：2014界定的以及下列術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。 2.1 基本術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義 2.1.1 控制電路電器 control circuit device 在開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備中用于控制、信號(hào)指示、聯(lián)鎖等的電器裝置。 注：控制電路電器可以包括涉及其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的相關(guān)電器，例如儀器、電位器、繼電器等，以及作上述用途的輔助電器。 2.1.2 (控制電路和輔助電路的)控制開(kāi)關(guān) control switch(for control and auxiliary circuit) 用來(lái)控制開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備或控制設(shè)備的操作(包括發(fā)出信號(hào)、電氣聯(lián)鎖等)的一種機(jī)械開(kāi)關(guān)電器。 注1：控制開(kāi)關(guān)可由具有共同操動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)或多個(gè)觸頭元件組成。 注2：控制開(kāi)關(guān)可以包括半導(dǎo)體元件或觸頭元件(見(jiàn)2.3.2和2.3.3)。 注3：改寫(xiě)IEC 60050-441：1984，定義441-14-46。 2.1.3 適用于隔離的控制開(kāi)關(guān) control switch suitable for isolation 在斷開(kāi)位置符合隔離功能規(guī)定要求的控制開(kāi)關(guān)(見(jiàn)IEC 60947-1：2007中2.1.19和7.1.7)。 注：該控制開(kāi)關(guān)對(duì)在被控設(shè)備上工作的人員提供較高的安全等級(jí)。因此當(dāng)開(kāi)關(guān)操作失誤時(shí)，例如：在觸頭斷開(kāi)不充分的情況下，則必須依靠操作人員的判斷進(jìn)行手動(dòng)操作使其達(dá)到安全位置。 2.1.4 控制站 control station 安裝在同一面板或在同一外殼內(nèi)的一個(gè)或多個(gè)控制開(kāi)關(guān)的組合。 注：控制站的面板或外殼也可包含關(guān)聯(lián)設(shè)備，例如：電位器、信號(hào)燈、儀器等。 [IEC 60050-441：1984，定義441-12-08] 2.2 控制開(kāi)關(guān) 2.2.1 自動(dòng)控制開(kāi)關(guān) automatic control switches 注：自動(dòng)控制開(kāi)關(guān)是靠自動(dòng)控制進(jìn)行操作(見(jiàn)IEC 60947-1：2007中2.4.5)。這種開(kāi)關(guān)也可稱為指示開(kāi)關(guān)(見(jiàn)IEC 60947-1：2007中2.2.18)。 2.2.1.1 瞬時(shí)接觸器式繼電器 instantaneous contactor relay 無(wú)任何故意延時(shí)動(dòng)作的接觸器式繼電器。 注：除非另有規(guī)定，接觸器式繼電器一般是指瞬時(shí)接觸器式繼電器。 [IEC 60050-441：1984，定義IEV 441-14-36] 2.2.1.2 延時(shí)接觸器式繼電器 time-delay contactor relay 具有規(guī)定延時(shí)特性的接觸器式繼電器。 注1：延時(shí)可為通電延時(shí)(e-延時(shí))或斷電延時(shí)(d-延時(shí))或通電斷電均延時(shí)。 注2：延時(shí)接觸器式繼電器也可裝有瞬時(shí)觸頭元件。 注3：改寫(xiě)IEC 60050-441：1984，定義441-14-37。 2.2.1.3 位置開(kāi)關(guān) position switch 在機(jī)器的運(yùn)動(dòng)部件到達(dá)預(yù)定位置時(shí)操作操動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的一種指示開(kāi)關(guān)。 [IEC 60050-441：1984，定義IEV 441-14-49] 2.2.1.4 程序器 programmer 起始后，按預(yù)定程序操作的具有多開(kāi)關(guān)元件的控制開(kāi)關(guān)。 2.2.2 人力操作控制開(kāi)關(guān) manually operated control switches 注：人力操作控制開(kāi)關(guān)是由人力控制進(jìn)行操作的(見(jiàn)IEC 60947-1：2007中2.4.4)。 2.2.2.1 按鈕 push-button 具有用人體的一部分(一般為用手指或手掌)施力而操作操動(dòng)器并具有儲(chǔ)能(彈簧)復(fù)位的控制開(kāi)關(guān)。 [IEC 60050-441：1984，定義441-14-53] 2.2.2.2 拉鈕 pull-button 具有用手拉操作的操動(dòng)器和具有儲(chǔ)能(彈簧)復(fù)位的控制開(kāi)關(guān)。 2.2.2.3 按—拉鈕 push-pull button 具有先用手按操作和后用手拉返回至其初始位置(或相反操作)的操動(dòng)器的控制開(kāi)關(guān)。 注：按鈕的結(jié)構(gòu)形式還有“按—按鈕”或“按—轉(zhuǎn)鈕”或其他組合形式。 2.2.2.4 旋鈕 rotary button 具有靠人力旋轉(zhuǎn)操動(dòng)器的按鈕式開(kāi)關(guān)元件的組合(也可參見(jiàn)2.2.2.15～2.2.2.18)。 示例：選擇開(kāi)關(guān)。 注：旋轉(zhuǎn)式按鈕可有兩個(gè)以上位置，可以有或沒(méi)有復(fù)位彈簧。 2.2.2.5 鎖扣式按鈕 latched push-button 具有復(fù)位彈簧的按鈕，但是它保持在操動(dòng)位置上直到鎖扣被另一動(dòng)作釋放為止。 注：鎖扣可由同一按鈕或相鄰按鈕的下一次操動(dòng)(諸如按、轉(zhuǎn)等)來(lái)釋放或用電磁鐵操作來(lái)釋放等。 2.2.2.6 定位式按鈕 locked push-button 用另一操作保證其在一個(gè)或幾個(gè)位置上的按鈕。 注：可用旋轉(zhuǎn)鈕、旋轉(zhuǎn)鑰匙、操作手桿等方法定位。 2.2.2.7 鑰匙操作式按鈕 key-operated push-button 僅在鑰匙保持在插入位置時(shí)才能操作的按鈕。 注：鑰匙可在任何位置拔出。 2.2.2.8 延時(shí)復(fù)位按鈕 time-delay push-button 在操作力去除后，經(jīng)過(guò)一預(yù)定時(shí)間間隔，觸頭才回復(fù)至起始位置的按鈕。 2.2.2.9 延時(shí)動(dòng)作按鈕 delayed action push-button 施加在鈕上的力保持一預(yù)定時(shí)間間隔后，才發(fā)生開(kāi)關(guān)動(dòng)作的按鈕。 2.2.2.10 指示燈式按鈕 illuminated push-button 鈕中裝有一信號(hào)燈的按鈕。 2.2.2.11 罩蓋防護(hù)式按鈕 covered push-button 有防護(hù)蓋或罩保護(hù)以防止意外操作的按鈕。 2.2.2.12 定向防護(hù)式按鈕 shrouded push-button 在一定方向提供保護(hù)以防止意外操作的按鈕。 2.2.2.13 自由式按鈕 free push-button 操動(dòng)器可無(wú)限制地繞其軸旋轉(zhuǎn)的按鈕。 2.2.2.14 導(dǎo)向式按鈕 guided push-button 其操動(dòng)器不可繞其軸旋轉(zhuǎn)的按鈕。 注：導(dǎo)向式按鈕舉例：具有鍵槽形、正方形或長(zhǎng)方形的操動(dòng)器。 2.2.2.15 旋轉(zhuǎn)控制開(kāi)關(guān) rotary control switch 旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)(簡(jiǎn)稱) rotary switch(abbreviation) 具有旋轉(zhuǎn)操作操動(dòng)器的控制開(kāi)關(guān)。 2.2.2.16 鑰匙操作旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān) key-operated rotary switch 用鑰匙作為操動(dòng)器的旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)。 注：鑰匙在任何位置均可拔出。 2.2.2.17 有限運(yùn)動(dòng)式旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān) limited movement rotary switch 操動(dòng)器的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)角受限制的旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)。 2.2.2.18 單向運(yùn)動(dòng)式旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān) unidirectional movement rotary switch 操動(dòng)系統(tǒng)只允許在一個(gè)方向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)。 2.2.2.19 操縱桿 joy stick 具有用操作柄或操作桿所組成的操動(dòng)器的控制開(kāi)關(guān)，當(dāng)其處于某一位置時(shí)，操作柄或操作桿與面板或外殼間成一直角向外伸出，且用角位移法進(jìn)行操作。 注1：操作桿隨著桿朝不同方向位移可有兩個(gè)以上的位置，從而有別于操作觸頭元件。這一操縱桿稱為操縱桿式選擇開(kāi)關(guān)。 注2：操作柄或操作桿可有或無(wú)復(fù)位彈簧。 2.2.2.20 搖桿 wobble stick 作任何方向位移都可操作所有觸頭元件的操縱桿。 2.2.2.21 腳踏開(kāi)關(guān) foot switch(pedal) 具有用腳施加力操作操動(dòng)器的控制開(kāi)關(guān)。 注：改寫(xiě)IEC 60050-441：1984，定義441-14-52。 2.3 控制開(kāi)關(guān)部件 2.3.1 開(kāi)關(guān)元件 switch element 開(kāi)關(guān)元件可以是半導(dǎo)體元件(見(jiàn)2.3.2)或觸頭元件(見(jiàn)2.3.3)。 2.3.2 半導(dǎo)體元件 semiconductor element 利用控制半導(dǎo)體的導(dǎo)電可控性來(lái)接通和分?jǐn)嚯娐冯娏鞯囊环N元件。 2.3.3 觸頭元件 contact element 控制開(kāi)關(guān)中用于閉合和斷開(kāi)單一電路所需的固定的和可動(dòng)的、使電路接通和斷開(kāi)的部件。 注1：觸頭元件和操動(dòng)系統(tǒng)可組成一個(gè)不可分割的單元，但是通常一個(gè)或多個(gè)觸頭元件可與一個(gè)或多個(gè)操動(dòng)系統(tǒng)組合在一起，操動(dòng)系統(tǒng)可以是不同的。 注2：有關(guān)各種觸頭元件的定義在2.3.3.1～2.3.3.10中給出。 注3：上述定義不包括控制線圈和磁系統(tǒng)。 下列是有關(guān)控制開(kāi)關(guān)單一觸頭元件的定義： 2.3.3.1 單斷點(diǎn)觸頭元件 single gap contact element 僅由一個(gè)觸點(diǎn)閉合或斷開(kāi)其電路的觸頭元件。 注：見(jiàn)圖4a)和圖4c)。 2.3.3.2 雙斷點(diǎn)觸頭元件 double single gap contact element 由串聯(lián)的兩個(gè)觸點(diǎn)閉合或斷開(kāi)其電路的觸頭元件。 注：見(jiàn)圖4b)、圖4d)和圖4e)。 2.3.3.3 接通(常開(kāi))觸頭元件 make-contact element (normally open) 當(dāng)控制開(kāi)關(guān)被操動(dòng)時(shí)閉合一個(gè)電路的觸頭元件。 2.3.3.4 分?jǐn)?常閉)觸頭元件 break-contact element (normally closed) 當(dāng)控制開(kāi)關(guān)被操動(dòng)時(shí)斷開(kāi)一個(gè)電路的觸頭元件。 2.3.3.5 轉(zhuǎn)換觸頭元件 change-over contact elements 由一個(gè)接通觸頭元件和一個(gè)分?jǐn)嘤|頭元件組成的觸頭元件。 注：見(jiàn)圖4c)、圖4d)和圖4e)。 2.3.3.6 脈沖(瞬時(shí))觸頭元件 pulse(fleeting) contact element 操動(dòng)器從一個(gè)位置轉(zhuǎn)換至另一個(gè)位置期間，在其行程的某一段內(nèi)斷開(kāi)或閉合電路的觸頭元件。 2.3.3.7 電氣上分開(kāi)的觸頭元件 electrically separated contact elements 屬于同一控制開(kāi)關(guān)的觸頭元件，彼此間有足夠的絕緣距離，以使它們能接到電氣上分開(kāi)的電路中。電氣上分開(kāi)的電路可以是極性相同的也可以是極性相反的。 注：改寫(xiě)IEC 60050-441：1984.定義441-15-24。 2.3.3.8 非從動(dòng)(快速)觸頭元件 independent (snap) action contact element 觸頭運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度基本上與操動(dòng)器的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度無(wú)關(guān)的人控或自控的控制電器的觸頭元件。 2.3.3.9 從動(dòng)觸頭元件 dependent action contact element 觸頭運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度取決于操作器運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的人力控制或自動(dòng)控制的控制電器觸頭元件。 2.3.3.10 觸頭單元 contact unit 一個(gè)觸頭元件或同一操動(dòng)系統(tǒng)操作的類(lèi)似單元組合的觸頭元件組。 2.3.4 鈕 button 按鈕的操動(dòng)器的外端，操動(dòng)力施加于其上。 2.3.4.1 平鈕 flush-button 其初始位置與相鄰固定面基本上是同一水平，而操作時(shí)低于該固定面的鈕。 2.3.4.2 凹鈕 recessed button 其初始位置和操作位置都低于相鄰固定面的鈕。 2.3.4.3 凸鈕 extended button 其初始位置和操作位置都高于相鄰固定面的鈕。 2.3.4.4 蘑菇鈕 mushroom button 伸出端有一擴(kuò)大直徑的鈕。 2.3.5 定位機(jī)構(gòu) locating mechanism 〈旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)〉使操動(dòng)器和/或觸頭元件保持在其位置上的操動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的部件。 注：其他電器(如帶兩位置或緊急制動(dòng)功能的按鈕)也可由此功能。 2.3.6 終端停擋 end stop 限制運(yùn)動(dòng)部件行程的器件。 注：終端停擋既可對(duì)操動(dòng)器也可對(duì)觸頭元件起限位作用。 2.4 控制開(kāi)關(guān)的操作 2.4.1 接觸器式繼電器的動(dòng)作 2.4.1.1 e-延時(shí) e-delay 〈觸頭元件〉在接觸器式繼電器的電磁線圈通電后，其觸頭元件的動(dòng)作延時(shí)。 示例：延時(shí)閉合接通觸頭(閉合延時(shí))。 注：術(shù)語(yǔ)“e-延時(shí)”和“d-延時(shí)”均可適用于各種觸頭元件(見(jiàn)2.3.3)。 2.4.1.2 d-延時(shí) d-delay 〈觸頭元件〉在接觸器式繼電器的電磁線圈斷電后，其觸頭元件的動(dòng)作延時(shí)。 例如：延時(shí)斷開(kāi)接通觸頭(斷開(kāi)延時(shí))。 注：術(shù)語(yǔ)“e延時(shí)”和“d延時(shí)”均可適用于各種觸頭元件(見(jiàn)2.3.3)。 2.4.1.3 固定延時(shí) fixed delay 〈觸頭元件〉延時(shí)值為不可調(diào)節(jié)的接觸器式繼電器的觸頭元件的動(dòng)作。 2.4.1.4 可調(diào)延時(shí) adjustable delay 〈觸頭元件〉在接觸器式繼電器安裝后，其觸頭元件的動(dòng)作延時(shí)可以調(diào)節(jié)至不同數(shù)值。 2.4.2 指示開(kāi)關(guān)的操作 2.4.2.1 操動(dòng)量 actuating quantity 決定指示開(kāi)關(guān)操作或不操作的物理量值。 2.4.2.2 動(dòng)作值 operating value 足以引起指示開(kāi)關(guān)動(dòng)作的操動(dòng)量值。 2.4.2.3 返回值 return value 使得已經(jīng)動(dòng)作的指示開(kāi)關(guān)，返回到其休止位置而必須重新確立的操動(dòng)量值。 2.4.2.4 差值 different value 動(dòng)作值和返回值之間的差值。 2.4.3 旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)的操作 2.4.3.1 (旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)的)肯定位置 definite position (of a rotary switch) 只要操動(dòng)力矩不超過(guò)一定值，定位機(jī)構(gòu)使旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)進(jìn)入指定位置并維持在該位置。 2.4.3.2 休止位置 position of rest 定位機(jī)構(gòu)借助所儲(chǔ)存能量使旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)返回至一穩(wěn)定的(肯定的)位置上，并保持在該位置。 2.4.3.3 過(guò)渡位置 transit position 系一確定位置，在此位置上定位機(jī)構(gòu)在操作瞬間產(chǎn)生預(yù)定的標(biāo)記變化，但此位置操動(dòng)器不能自行停留。 2.4.3.4 偏位 biased position 系旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)的確定位置，在此位置上操動(dòng)器受拉力阻止停留，以防止其利用貯能(例如，借助彈簧)從停留位置返回到休止位置。 注：在一個(gè)偏位轉(zhuǎn)移到鄰近的休止位置期間，旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)可以經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)或幾個(gè)過(guò)渡位置。 2.4.3.5 鎖扣位置 latched position 系一偏位，在此位置上返回機(jī)構(gòu)被鎖扣裝置鎖住。 注：鎖扣裝置可用人力釋放或用其他方法釋放。 2.4.3.6 鎖定位置 locked position 系一確定位置，用其他動(dòng)作來(lái)確保旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)在此位置上。 注：鎖定可以用轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)鑰匙，操作控制桿等獲得。 2.4.3.7 操作圖 operating diagram 旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)的觸頭元件按預(yù)定順序操動(dòng)而動(dòng)作的表示圖。 2.4.4 機(jī)械操作的控制開(kāi)關(guān)的操作 2.4.4.1 操動(dòng)器的預(yù)行程 pre-travel of the actuator 不引起觸頭元件行程的操動(dòng)器的最大行程。 注：見(jiàn)圖2中尺寸a。 2.4.4.2 操動(dòng)器的超行程 over-travel of the actuator 所有觸頭均達(dá)到其閉合(斷開(kāi))位置后的操動(dòng)器的行程。 2.4.4.3 直接傳動(dòng) direct drive 操動(dòng)器與觸頭元件之間的連接使操動(dòng)器無(wú)任何預(yù)行程。 2.4.4.4 肯定傳動(dòng) positive drive 操動(dòng)器與觸頭元件之間的連接使施加在操動(dòng)器上的力直接傳遞至觸頭元件上。 2.4.4.5 有限傳動(dòng) limited drive 操動(dòng)器與觸頭元件之間的連接使力傳遞至觸頭元件上是有限的。 2.4.4.6 最小起動(dòng)力(或力矩) minimum starting force (or moment) 操動(dòng)器預(yù)行程起動(dòng)力(或力矩)的最小值。 2.4.4.7 最小操動(dòng)力(或力矩) minimum actuating force (or moment) 施加在操動(dòng)器上的能使所有觸頭達(dá)到其閉合(或斷開(kāi))位置的力(或力矩)的最小值。 2.4.4.8 觸頭元件的預(yù)行程 pre-travel of the contact element 在觸頭接通(分?jǐn)?前觸頭元件內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。 注：見(jiàn)圖2中尺寸b。 2.4.4.9 觸頭元件的超行程 over-travel of the contact element 在觸頭已達(dá)到其接通(分?jǐn)?位置后觸頭元件內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。 注：見(jiàn)圖2中尺寸d。 2.4.4.10 彈跳時(shí)間 bounce time 對(duì)于用于閉合(斷開(kāi))電路的觸頭，彈跳時(shí)間指觸頭電路第一次閉合(斷開(kāi))的瞬間到電路最終被閉合(斷開(kāi))的瞬間的時(shí)間間隔。 注：改寫(xiě)IEC 60050-444：2002，定義444-05-04。 3 分類(lèi) 3.1 觸頭元件 觸頭元件可按下列分類(lèi)： a)使用類(lèi)別(見(jiàn)4.4)； b)與使用類(lèi)別相關(guān)的電器額定值(見(jiàn)附錄A)； c)下列字母型式之一(見(jiàn)圖4)： 1)型式A——單斷點(diǎn)接通觸頭元件； 2)型式B——單斷點(diǎn)分?jǐn)嘤|頭元件； 3)型式C——單斷點(diǎn)三端子的通斷轉(zhuǎn)換觸頭元件； 4)型式X——雙斷點(diǎn)接通觸頭元件； 5)型式Y(jié)——雙斷點(diǎn)分?jǐn)嘤|頭元件； 6)型式Z——雙斷點(diǎn)四端子的通斷轉(zhuǎn)換觸頭元件。 d)c)中沒(méi)有包括的其他型式。 注1：就圖4e)而言，兩個(gè)動(dòng)觸頭元件為電氣上分開(kāi)的(見(jiàn)2.3.3.7)。 注2：先通后斷(閉合重疊的)轉(zhuǎn)換觸頭元件(當(dāng)動(dòng)觸頭從一位置運(yùn)動(dòng)到另一位置中的某一段行程內(nèi)兩個(gè)電路都被閉合)與先斷后通(無(wú)閉合重疊)的轉(zhuǎn)換觸頭元件(當(dāng)動(dòng)觸頭從一位置運(yùn)動(dòng)到另一位置中的某一段行程內(nèi)兩個(gè)電路都被斷開(kāi))是有區(qū)別的。除非另有規(guī)定，一般轉(zhuǎn)換觸頭元件是指先斷后通者。 3.2 控制開(kāi)關(guān) 控制開(kāi)關(guān)可以按觸頭元件以及操動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，如：按鈕，型式X。 3.3 控制電路電器 控制電路電器可以按控制開(kāi)關(guān)和相連的控制電路設(shè)備進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，如：帶指示燈的按鈕。 3.4 延時(shí)開(kāi)關(guān)元件 延時(shí)開(kāi)關(guān)元件可以按開(kāi)關(guān)元件實(shí)現(xiàn)延時(shí)的方法進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，如：電延時(shí)、磁延時(shí)、機(jī)械延時(shí)或氣動(dòng)延時(shí)。 3.5 控制開(kāi)關(guān)的安裝 控制開(kāi)關(guān)的安裝可以按安裝孔的尺寸進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，如：D12、D16、D22、D30(見(jiàn)6.3.1)。 4 特性 4.1 特性概述 4.1.1 一般要求 控制電路電器和開(kāi)關(guān)元件的特性應(yīng)在下列項(xiàng)目中選擇合適的項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行規(guī)定： ——電器的型式(見(jiàn)4.2)； ——開(kāi)關(guān)元件的額定值和極限值(見(jiàn)4.3)； ——開(kāi)關(guān)元件的使用類(lèi)別(見(jiàn)4.4)； ——正常負(fù)載特性和非正常負(fù)載特性(見(jiàn)4.3.6)。 4.1.2 控制開(kāi)關(guān)的操作 控制開(kāi)關(guān)的主要用途是通斷表1指定的各種使用類(lèi)別的負(fù)載。 對(duì)于其他用途，例如：通斷鎢絲燈、小電動(dòng)機(jī)等，本部分不作具體規(guī)定，但在4.3.6.2中作了說(shuō)明。 4.1.2.1 正常條件下操作 控制開(kāi)關(guān)的正常條件下操作是指對(duì)表1中的使用類(lèi)別進(jìn)行閉合、保持和斷開(kāi)電路，也可以參見(jiàn)表4。 4.1.2.2 非正常條件下操作 非正常條件下操作是指如電磁鐵雖然已被激磁，但不能閉合的情況，參見(jiàn)表5。 控制開(kāi)關(guān)應(yīng)能分?jǐn)嘣撌褂脳l件下的電流。 4.2 控制電路電器或開(kāi)關(guān)元件的型式 4.2.1 控制電路電器的種類(lèi) 控制電路電器的種類(lèi)： ——人力操作控制開(kāi)關(guān)，例如：按鈕，旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)，腳踏開(kāi)關(guān)等； ——電磁操作控制開(kāi)關(guān)(延時(shí)動(dòng)作或瞬時(shí)動(dòng)作)，例如：接觸器式繼電器； ——指示開(kāi)關(guān)，例如：壓力開(kāi)關(guān)，溫敏開(kāi)關(guān)(熱敏開(kāi)關(guān))，程序器等； ——位置開(kāi)關(guān)； ——有關(guān)的控制電路電器，例如：指示燈等。 4.2.2 開(kāi)關(guān)元件的種類(lèi) 開(kāi)關(guān)元件的種類(lèi)： ——開(kāi)關(guān)電器(例如：接觸器，斷路器等)的輔助觸頭，該類(lèi)觸頭不僅僅用于對(duì)開(kāi)關(guān)電器線圈的控制； ——外殼門(mén)的聯(lián)鎖觸頭； ——旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)的控制電路觸頭； ——過(guò)載繼電器的控制電路觸頭。 4.2.3 極數(shù) 應(yīng)規(guī)定極數(shù)。 4.2.4 電流種類(lèi) 電流種類(lèi)： ——交流； ——直流 4.2.5 滅弧介質(zhì) 滅弧介質(zhì)： ——空氣； ——油； ——?dú)怏w； ——真空等。 4.2.6 操作條件 4.2.6.1 操作方式 操作方式： ——人力操作； ——電磁操作； ——?dú)鈩?dòng)操作； ——電控-氣動(dòng)操作。 4.2.6.2 控制方式 控制方式： ——自動(dòng)； ——非自動(dòng)； ——半自動(dòng)。 4.3 開(kāi)關(guān)元件的額定值和極限值 4.3.1 一般要求 控制電路電器的開(kāi)關(guān)元件額定值應(yīng)按4.3.2～4.3.6的規(guī)定，但不必規(guī)定所有列出值。 4.3.2 (開(kāi)關(guān)元件的)額定電壓 4.3.2.1 一般要求 開(kāi)關(guān)元件的額定電壓應(yīng)按4.3.2.2～4.3.2.4的規(guī)定。 4.3.2.2 額定工作電壓(Ue) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.1.1適用，并補(bǔ)充下列要求。 對(duì)于三相電路，額定工作電壓Ue用線電壓有效值表示。 注：開(kāi)關(guān)元件可用若干額定工作電壓和額定工作電流的組合來(lái)表示。 本部分涉及的控制開(kāi)關(guān)一般不推薦用于很低的電壓，而且也不適合這樣的用途。因此，對(duì)于用于較低的工作電壓時(shí)(例如低于交流或直流100V)，建議征詢制造商的意見(jiàn)。 4.3.2.3 額定絕緣電壓(Ui) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.1.2適用 4.3.2.4 額定沖擊耐受電壓(Uimp) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.1.3適用。 4.3.3 電流 4.3.3.1 約定自由空氣發(fā)熱電流(Ith) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.2.1適用。 4.3.3.2 約定封閉發(fā)熱電流(Ithe) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.2.2適用。 4.3.3.3 額定工作電流(Ie) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.2.3第一段適用。 4.3.4 額定頻率 IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.3適用。 4.3.5 空白 4.3.6 正常和非正常的負(fù)載特性 4.3.6.1 正常條件下開(kāi)關(guān)元件的額定接通和分?jǐn)嗄芰捌涮匦? 開(kāi)關(guān)元件應(yīng)滿足表4中規(guī)定的使用類(lèi)別和額定操作電壓的要求。 注：對(duì)于已規(guī)定使用類(lèi)別的開(kāi)關(guān)元件，無(wú)需再單獨(dú)規(guī)定其接通和分?jǐn)嗄芰Α? 用于通斷小電動(dòng)機(jī)和鎢絲燈負(fù)載的開(kāi)關(guān)元件應(yīng)按IEC 60947-4-1：2009＋A1：2012的規(guī)定確定其使用類(lèi)別，并還應(yīng)符合其相應(yīng)要求。 4.3.6.2 非正常條件下接通和分?jǐn)嗄芰? 開(kāi)關(guān)元件應(yīng)符合表5中規(guī)定的使用類(lèi)別的要求。 注：非正常使用條件示例：電磁鐵不動(dòng)作，開(kāi)關(guān)元件不得不分?jǐn)嘟油娏鳌?4.3.7 短路特性 4.3.7.1 額定限制短路電流 IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.6.4適用。 4.4 開(kāi)關(guān)元件的使用類(lèi)別 表1中規(guī)定的使用類(lèi)別認(rèn)為是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用類(lèi)別，其他型式的使用類(lèi)別應(yīng)以制造商和用戶的協(xié)議為準(zhǔn)。但是，制造商的樣本或說(shuō)明書(shū)中給出的信息可構(gòu)成協(xié)議。 表1 開(kāi)關(guān)元件的使用類(lèi)別 電流種類(lèi) 使用類(lèi)別 典型用途 交流 AC-12 AC-13 AC-14 AC-15 控制電阻性負(fù)載和光電耦合隔離的固態(tài)負(fù)載 控制有變壓器隔離的固態(tài)負(fù)載 控制小容量電磁式負(fù)載(≤72VA) 控制交流電磁式負(fù)載(＞72VA) 直流 DC-12 DC-13 DC-14 控制電阻性負(fù)載和光電耦合隔離的固態(tài)負(fù)載 控制電磁鐵 控制電路中有經(jīng)濟(jì)電阻的電磁式負(fù)載 4.5 空白 4.6 空白 4.7 空白 4.8 空白 4.9 空白 4.10 電氣上分開(kāi)的觸頭元件 制造商應(yīng)規(guī)定控制電路電器的觸頭元件電氣上是否分開(kāi)(見(jiàn)2.3.3.7)。除非制造商另有說(shuō)明，電氣上分開(kāi)的觸頭元件應(yīng)當(dāng)視為是相反的極性。 4.11 指示開(kāi)關(guān)的操動(dòng)量 指示開(kāi)關(guān)的操動(dòng)量的動(dòng)作值和返回值取決于操動(dòng)量的正常上升值和正常下降值。除非另有規(guī)定，操動(dòng)量的變化率應(yīng)是有規(guī)律的，并且不能在小于10s內(nèi)達(dá)到動(dòng)作值(或返回值)。 動(dòng)作值和返回值兩者都可以為固定值，或其中一個(gè)為可調(diào)，或者均為可調(diào)(或兩者之差值可調(diào))。 如適用，制造商應(yīng)指明耐受值，該值可以是大于最高整定動(dòng)作值的最大值，或是小于最低整定返回值的最小值。耐受值指在該值下操作不得損壞指示開(kāi)關(guān)或改變其特性。 4.12 具有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)觸頭元件的指示開(kāi)關(guān) 具有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不可單獨(dú)調(diào)節(jié)的觸頭元件的指示開(kāi)關(guān)，對(duì)于每個(gè)觸頭元件來(lái)講，可有不同的動(dòng)作值和返回值。 具有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的可單獨(dú)調(diào)節(jié)的觸頭元件的指示開(kāi)關(guān)可被認(rèn)為是指示開(kāi)關(guān)的組合。 5 產(chǎn)品的有關(guān)資料 5.1 資料的內(nèi)容 制造商應(yīng)提供有關(guān)識(shí)別資料和基本額定值及使用類(lèi)別資料。 識(shí)別資料如下： a)制造商廠名或商標(biāo)； b)型號(hào)或系列號(hào)，由此可從制造商或其產(chǎn)品樣本或按附錄A的選擇來(lái)獲得關(guān)于開(kāi)關(guān)元件(或整個(gè)控制開(kāi)關(guān))的有關(guān)資料； c)本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)號(hào)(如果制造商聲明是符合該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的話)。 基本額定值和使用類(lèi)別資料如下： d)額定工作電壓(見(jiàn)4.3.2.2)； e)控制電路電器額定工作電壓下的使用類(lèi)別和額定工作電流； f)額定絕緣電壓(見(jiàn)4.3.2.3)； g)額定沖擊耐受電壓(見(jiàn)4.3.2.4)； h)空白； i)IP等級(jí)(對(duì)封閉式控制電路電器)(見(jiàn)IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010中5.1和附錄C)； j)污染等級(jí)(見(jiàn)6.1.3.2)； k)短路保護(hù)電器的型式和最大額定值(見(jiàn)8.3.4.3)； l)限制短路電流； m)適用于隔離，如適用，應(yīng)引用IEC 60617-DB：2012中S00288符號(hào)； n)相同極性 觸頭元件的指示； o)導(dǎo)線插入端子前應(yīng)剝掉的絕緣的長(zhǎng)度； p)對(duì)于非通用的無(wú)螺紋型接線端子： ——“s”或“sol”代表單根硬導(dǎo)線的接線端子； ——“r”代表剛性(單根或絞和)導(dǎo)線的接線端子； ——“f”代表軟導(dǎo)線的接線端子。 5.2 標(biāo)志 5.2.1 一般要求 5.1 a)和5.1 b)的標(biāo)志應(yīng)標(biāo)在控制電路電器的銘牌上，以便從制造商獲得完整的資料。 5.1 n)的標(biāo)志應(yīng)標(biāo)在控制電路電器的銘牌上，以確保安裝時(shí)布線正確。 標(biāo)志應(yīng)是不易磨滅的和易于識(shí)別的，并且標(biāo)志不應(yīng)標(biāo)在螺釘及可移動(dòng)的墊圈上。 只要空間允許，5.1 c)～5.1 m)和5.1 o)的參數(shù)應(yīng)標(biāo)在銘牌或控制電路電器上，或包含在制造商公布的文件中。 非通用無(wú)螺紋型接線端子的標(biāo)識(shí)“s”“sol”“r”或“f”應(yīng)標(biāo)在電器上，或者，如果空間不夠，應(yīng)在最小包裝或產(chǎn)品技術(shù)資料里注明。 5.2.2 接線端子的識(shí)別和標(biāo)志 IEC 60947-1：2007中7.1.8.4適用，并增加附錄M中規(guī)定的附加要求。 5.2.3 功能標(biāo)志 操動(dòng)器可用刻上符號(hào)的形式來(lái)識(shí)別。如果在停止鈕的操動(dòng)器上刻有或標(biāo)有符號(hào)，那么該符號(hào)應(yīng)為圓形或橢圓形(以橢圓零表示)。圓形符號(hào)或橢圓形符號(hào)只能用于停止鈕。 如果空間足以確保標(biāo)識(shí)清晰，則還可用字母或文字的形式作為標(biāo)志。在其余情況下，識(shí)別標(biāo)志應(yīng)標(biāo)在每個(gè)操動(dòng)器周?chē)蚩拷墓潭?biāo)簽上。 符號(hào)應(yīng)符合IEC 60417-DB：2002。 5.2.4 緊急制動(dòng) 帶有機(jī)械式鎖閂功能的緊急制動(dòng)裝置的操動(dòng)器形狀與顏色、背景顏色和開(kāi)閂方向應(yīng)符合IEC 60947-5-5：1997＋A2：2016的要求。 5.2.5 操作圖 5.2.5.1 一般要求 旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)可以有多個(gè)觸頭元件和多個(gè)操動(dòng)器位置，因此，制造商需要指明操動(dòng)器位置與相關(guān)的觸頭元件位置之間的關(guān)系。 建議以操作圖的形式來(lái)說(shuō)明上述關(guān)系，其示例見(jiàn)圖1，并附注說(shuō)明。 5.2.5.2 位置指示和觸頭位置 IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010中7.1.6.1適用，并補(bǔ)充以下要求： 位置指示應(yīng)清楚，有關(guān)內(nèi)容或符號(hào)應(yīng)不易磨滅和易于識(shí)別。 5.2.5.3 操作圖的接線端子標(biāo)記 就操作圖而言，接線端子的標(biāo)記應(yīng)清楚識(shí)別。也可參見(jiàn)附錄M。 5.2.6 延時(shí)標(biāo)志 對(duì)于延時(shí)接觸器式繼電器，如果它為固定延時(shí)，則標(biāo)志應(yīng)包括延時(shí)值，如果它為可調(diào)延時(shí)，則標(biāo)志應(yīng)包括延時(shí)范圍。 在具有一個(gè)以上的延時(shí)觸頭元件的情況下，應(yīng)指明在觸頭元件第一次延時(shí)后每個(gè)觸頭元件的動(dòng)作與下一個(gè)動(dòng)作之間的相對(duì)延時(shí)。 如果兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的觸頭元件帶有可調(diào)延時(shí)，則應(yīng)指明它們是否單獨(dú)可調(diào)。 對(duì)于每個(gè)延時(shí)觸頭元件，制造商應(yīng)按2.4.1.1或2.4.1.2指明其延時(shí)特性。 5.3 安裝、操作和維修說(shuō)明 IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010＋A2：2014中5.3適用。 5.4 附加資料 對(duì)于某些型式的控制電路電器所需的附加資料，按附錄J和附錄K的有關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。 這類(lèi)附加資料應(yīng)由制造商提供，可用接線圖或說(shuō)明書(shū)的形式與控制電路電器一起提供。