Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in the GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 14848-1993 Quality Standard for Ground Water. In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 14848-1993 (the previous edition):
— addition of 54 indices of water quality, and the total number of indices is increased from 39 in GB/T 14848-1993 to 93;
— according to GB 5749-2006 Standards for Drinking Water Quality, the groundwater quality indices are divided into regular indices and non-regular indices;
— addition of the number of sensory traits and general chemical indices from 17 to 20, and addition of the indices of aluminum, sulfide and sodium; replacement of the permanganate index with oxygen consumption. The indices of total hardness, iron, manganese and ammonia nitrogen are revised;
— addition of the number of inorganic compound indices in the toxicology indices from 16 to 20, and addition of the indices of boron, antimony, silver and thallium. The indices of nitrite, iodide, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, plumbum, beryllium, barium, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum are revised;
— addition of the number of organic compound indices in the toxicology indices from 2 to 49, and addition of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane 1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, tribromomethane, vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene , chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene (total), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrobenzene Toluene, naphthalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo (b) fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, polychlorinated biphenyl (total), gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane), hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, atrazine, pentachlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, carbofuran, aldicarb, DDVP, methyl parathion, Malathion, dimethoate, chlorothalonil, 2,4-D, chlorpyrifos and glyphosate; DDT and BHC are replaced by DDT (total) and BHC (total), respectively, and have been revised;
— modification of the total alpha radioactivity in the radioactive indices;
— modification of the relevant requirements of the comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality.
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee 93 on Land Resource of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 93).
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
— GB/T 14848-1993.
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Introduction
With the acceleration of China's industrialization and the application of synthetic compounds, and various chemical components in groundwater are changing. The analytical technology has been continuously improved, and in order to meet the needs of investigation and evaluation, and to further coordinate with the upgraded GB 5749-2006 to promote exchange, a revision of GB/T 14848-1993 is necessary.
GB/T 14848-1993 is based on the background of groundwater formation and is adapted to the requirements for evaluation at that time. The new standard has been revised in conjunction with the upgraded GB 5749-2006, the research results of groundwater in the past 20 years by the Ministry of Land and Resources and the latest international research results. The number of indices has increased from 39 in GB/T 14848-1993 to 93, the 54 indices have been added; 20 index classification limits have been adjusted, and 19 index classification limits have been directly adopted. The comprehensive evaluation rules are reduced to make the standard more widely applicable.
Standard for Groundwater Quality
1 Scope
This standard specifies the quality classification, indices and limits, quality investigation and monitoring, quality evaluation of groundwater.
This standard is applicable to the quality investigation, monitoring, evaluation and management of groundwater.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 5749-2006 Standards for Drinking Water Quality
GB/T 27025-2008 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
groundwater quality
general term for the physical, chemical, and biological properties of groundwater
3.2
regular indices
indices that reflect the basic conditions of groundwater quality, including sensory characteristics, general chemical indices, microbial indices, common toxicological indices and radioactive indices
3.3
non-regular indices
extension of regular indices of groundwater quanlity, which are determined according to regional and time differences or special circumstances, reflect the major quality problems in groundwater, including relatively rare inorganic and organic toxicology indices
3.4
human health risk
the probability that various components in groundwater will cause harm to human health
4 Classification and Indices of Groundwater Quality
4.1 Classification of groundwater quality
Base on the groundwater quality and human health risk in China, it is divided into five classes according to the water quality requirements of drinking water, industrial, agricultural and other water, and the content of each component (except pH).
Class I: Groundwater has a low content of chemical components and is suitable for various purposes;
Class II: Groundwater has a relatively low content of chemical components and is suitable for various purposes;
Class III: Groundwater has a medium content of chemical components. Based on requirements of GB 5749-2006, it is mainly applicable to centralized drinking water sources and industrial and agricultural water;
Class IV: Groundwater has a high content of chemical components. Based on the requirements of agricultural and industrial water quality and the certain level of human health risk, it is applicable to agricultural water and some industrial water, and suitable for drinking water after proper treatment;
Class V: Groundwater should not be used as a drinking water source due to its high content of chemical components. Other purpose of water can be selected according to the purpose of use.
4.2 Indices for classification of groundwater quality
The indices for classification of groundwater quality are divided into regular indices and non-regular indices. The classification and limits are shown in Tables 1 and 2 respectively.
Table 1 Regular Indices and Limits of Groundwater Quality
No. Index Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V
Sensory properties and general chemical indices
1 Color (platinum-cobalt chromaticity unit) ≤5 ≤5 ≤15 ≤25 >25
2 Odor and taste No No No No Yes
3 Turbidity (NTUa) ≤3 ≤3 ≤3 ≤10 >10
4 Visible substance by naked eye No No No No Yes
5 pH 6.5≤pH≤8.5 5.5≤pH<6.5
8.59.0
6 Total hardness (represented as CaCO3) (mg/L) ≤150 ≤300 ≤450 ≤650 >650
7 Total dissolved solids (mg/L) ≤300 ≤500 ≤1000 ≤2000 >2000
8 Sulfate (mg/L) ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350
9 Chloride (mg/L) ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350
10 Ferrum (mg/L) ≤0.1 ≤ 0.2 ≤0.3 ≤2.0 >2.0
11 Manganese (mg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 ≤1.50 >1.50
12 Copper (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤1.00 ≤1.50 >1.50
13 Zinc (mg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.5 ≤1.00 ≤5.00 >5.00
14 Aluminum (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.20 ≤0.50 >0.50
15 Volatile phenols (in phenol) (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 ≤0.01 >0.01
16 Anionic surfactant (mg/L) Not be detected ≤0.1 ≤0.3 ≤0.3 >0.3
17 Oxygen consumption (CODMn method, in O2) (mg/L) ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤3.0 ≤10.0 >10.0
18 Ammonia nitrogen (in N) (mg/L) ≤0.02 ≤0.10 ≤0.50 ≤1.50 >1.50
19 Sulfide (mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.02 ≤0.10 >0.10
20 Sodium (mg/L) ≤100 ≤150 ≤200 ≤400 >400
Microbiological indices
21 Total coliforms (MPNb/100 mL or CFUc/100 mL) ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤100 >100
22 Total number of colonies (CFU/mL) ≤100 ≤100 ≤100 ≤1000 >1000
Toxicological indices
23 Nitrites (in N) (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤4.80 >4.80
24 Nitrates (in N) (mg/L) ≤2.0 ≤ 5.0 ≤20.0 ≤30.0 >30.0
25 Cyanides (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1
26 Fluorides (mg/L) ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 >2.0
27 Iodides (mg/L) ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.08 ≤0.50 >0.50
28 Mercury (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 >0.002
29 Arsenic (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 >0.05
30 Selenium (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.1 >0.1
31 Cadmium (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 >0.01
32 Chromium (hexavalent) (mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
33 Plumbum (mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.10 >0.10
34 Trichloromethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤ 6 ≤60 ≤300 >300
35 Carbon tetrachloride (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤2.0 ≤50.0 >50.0
36 Benzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤1.0 ≤10.0 ≤120 >120
37 Toluene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤140 ≤700 ≤1400 >1400
Radioactive indices d
38 Total alpha radioactivity (Bq/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.1 ≤0.5 >0.5 >0.5
39 Total beta radioactivity (Bq/L) ≤0.1 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 >1.0 >1.0
a NTU is the unit of scattering turbidity.
b MPN represents the most probable number.
c CFU represents a colony forming unit.
d Radionuclide analysis and evaluation shall be carried out if the radioactivity index exceeds the guideline value.
Table 2 Non-regular Indices and Limits of Groundwater Quality
No. Index Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V
Toxicological indices
1 Beryllium (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.002 ≤0.06 >0.06
2 Boron (mg/L) ≤0.02 ≤0.10 ≤0.50 ≤2.00 >2.00
3 Antimony (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤ 0.0005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 >0.01
4 Barium (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤0.70 ≤4.00 >4.00
5 Nickel (mg/L) ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.02 ≤0.10 >0.10
6 Cobalt (mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
7 Molybdenum (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.07 ≤0.15 >0.15
8 Silver (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
9 Thallium (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 >0.001
10 Dichloromethane (μg/L) ≤1 ≤2 ≤20 ≤500 >500
11 1,2-Dichloroethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤3.0 ≤30.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
12 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤400 ≤2000 ≤4000 >4000
13 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤ 0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
14 1,2-Dichloropropane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
15 Tribromomethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤10.0 ≤100 ≤800 >800
16 Vinyl chloride (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤90.0 >90.0
17 1, 1-Dichloroethylene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤3.0 ≤30.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
18 1, 2-Dichloroethylene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤50.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
19 Trichloroethylene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤7.0 ≤70.0 ≤210 >210
20 Tetrachloroethylene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤4.0 ≤40.0 ≤300 >300
21 Chlorobenzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤60.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
22 O-dichlorobenzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤200 ≤1000 ≤2000 >2000
23 P-dichlorobenzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤ 30.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
24 Trichlorobenzene (total) (μg/L)a ≤0.5 ≤4.0 ≤20.0 ≤180 >180
25 Ethylbenzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤30.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
26 Xylene (total) (μg/L)b ≤0.5 ≤100 ≤500 ≤1000 >1000
27 Styrene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤2.0 ≤20.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
28 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
29 2,6-Dinitrotoluene (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤30.0 >30.0
30 Naphthalene (μg/L) ≤1 ≤10 ≤100 ≤600 >600
31 Anthracene (μg/L) ≤1 ≤360 ≤1800 ≤3600 >3600
32 Fluoranthene (μg/L) ≤1 ≤50 ≤240 ≤480 >480
33 Benzo(b)fluoranthene (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤ 0.4 ≤4.0 ≤8.0 >8.0
34 Benzo(a)pyrenea (μg/L) ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.01 ≤0.50 >0.50
35 Polychlorinated biphenyls (total) (μg/L)c ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.50 ≤10.0 >10.0
36 Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (μg/L) ≤3 ≤3 ≤8.0 ≤300 >300
37 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤20.0 ≤200 ≤300 >300
38 Pentachlorophenol (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.90 ≤9.0 ≤18.0 >18.0
39 HCH (total) (μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.50 ≤5.00 ≤300 >300
40 γ-HCH (Lindan) (μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.20 ≤2.00 ≤150 >150
41 DDT (total) (μg/L)e ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
42 Hexachlorobenzene (μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
43 Heptachlor (μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤ 0.04 ≤0.40 ≤0.80 >0.80
44 2,4-D (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤6.0 ≤30.0 ≤150 >150
45 Carbofuran (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤1.40 ≤7.00 ≤14.0 >14.0
46 Aldicarb (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.60 ≤3.00 ≤30.0 >30.0
47 DDVP (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
48 Methyl parathion (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤4.00 ≤20.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
49 Malathion (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤25.0 ≤250 ≤500 >500
50 Dimethoate (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤16.0 ≤80.0 ≤160 >160
51 Chlorpyrifos (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤6.00 ≤30.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
52 Chlorothalonil (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤1.00 ≤10.0 ≤150 >150
53 Atrazine (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤ 0.40 ≤2.00 ≤600 >600
54 Glyphosate (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤140 ≤700 ≤1400 >1400
a Dichlorobenzene (total) is the sum of three isomers of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene.
b Xylene (total) is the addition of three isomers of o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene.
c Polychlorinated biphenyls (total) is the sum of 9 kinds of PCBs: PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153, PCB180, PCB194 and PCB206.
d HCH (total) is the sum of four isomers of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH.
e DDT (total) is the sum of four isomers of o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDT.
5 Investigation and Monitoring of Groundwater Quality
5.1 Groundwater quality shall be monitored regularly. The frequency of diving monitoring shall be no less than twice a year (one time in the wet season and the dry season). The monitoring frequency of pressurized water can be determined according to the quality change, and should be once a year.
5.2 According to the dynamic changes of groundwater quality, regional groundwater quality investigation and evaluation shall be carried out regularly.
5.3 Groundwater quality investigation and monitoring indices are based on regular indices. In order to facilitate the review of hydrochemical analysis results, indices of potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, carbonate and free carbon dioxide shall be added. In different regions, according to local conditions, non-regular indices can be selected for investigation and monitoring on the basis of regular indices.
This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in the GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 14848-1993 Quality Standard for Ground Water. In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 14848-1993 (the previous edition):
— addition of 54 indices of water quality, and the total number of indices is increased from 39 in GB/T 14848-1993 to 93;
— according to GB 5749-2006 Standards for Drinking Water Quality, the groundwater quality indices are divided into regular indices and non-regular indices;
— addition of the number of sensory traits and general chemical indices from 17 to 20, and addition of the indices of aluminum, sulfide and sodium; replacement of the permanganate index with oxygen consumption. The indices of total hardness, iron, manganese and ammonia nitrogen are revised;
— addition of the number of inorganic compound indices in the toxicology indices from 16 to 20, and addition of the indices of boron, antimony, silver and thallium. The indices of nitrite, iodide, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, plumbum, beryllium, barium, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum are revised;
— addition of the number of organic compound indices in the toxicology indices from 2 to 49, and addition of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane 1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, tribromomethane, vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene , chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene (total), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrobenzene Toluene, naphthalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo (b) fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, polychlorinated biphenyl (total), gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane), hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, atrazine, pentachlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, carbofuran, aldicarb, DDVP, methyl parathion, Malathion, dimethoate, chlorothalonil, 2,4-D, chlorpyrifos and glyphosate; DDT and BHC are replaced by DDT (total) and BHC (total), respectively, and have been revised;
— modification of the total alpha radioactivity in the radioactive indices;
— modification of the relevant requirements of the comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality.
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee 93 on Land Resource of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 93).
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
— GB/T 14848-1993.
ICS 13.060
Z 50
GB
中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
GB/T 14848—2017
代替GB/T 14848—1993
地下水質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
Standard for groundwater quality
2017-10-14發(fā)布 2018-05-01實(shí)施
中華人民共和國國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局 中國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會 發(fā)布
前言
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按照GB/T 1.1—2009給出的規(guī)則起草。
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代替GB/T 14848—1993《地下水質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,與GB/T 14848—1993相比,除編輯性修改外,主要技術(shù)變化如下:
——水質(zhì)指標(biāo)由GB/T 14848—1993的39項(xiàng)增加至93項(xiàng),增加了54項(xiàng);
——參照GB 5749—2006《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,將地下水質(zhì)量指標(biāo)劃分為常規(guī)指標(biāo)和非常規(guī)指標(biāo);
——感官性狀及一般化學(xué)指標(biāo)由17項(xiàng)增至20項(xiàng),增加了鋁、硫化物和鈉3項(xiàng)指標(biāo);用耗氧量替換了高錳酸鹽指數(shù)。修訂了總硬度、鐵、錳、氨氮4項(xiàng)指標(biāo);
——毒理學(xué)指標(biāo)中無機(jī)化合物指標(biāo)由16項(xiàng)增加至20項(xiàng),增加了硼、銻、銀和鉈4項(xiàng)指標(biāo);修訂了亞硝酸鹽、碘化物、汞、砷、鎘、鉛、鈹、鋇、鎳、鈷和鉬11項(xiàng)指標(biāo);
——毒理學(xué)指標(biāo)中有機(jī)化合物指標(biāo)由2項(xiàng)增至49項(xiàng),增加了三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷、1,2-二氯丙烷、三溴甲烷、氯乙烯、1,1-二氯乙烯、1,2-二氯乙烯、氯苯、鄰二氯苯、對二氯苯、三氯苯(總量)、苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、2,4-二硝基甲苯、2,6-二硝基甲苯、萘、蒽、熒蒽、苯并(b)熒蒽、苯并(a)芘、多氯聯(lián)苯(總量)、γ-六六六(林丹)、六氯苯、七氯、莠去津、五氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚、鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基已基)酯、克百威、涕滅威、敵敵畏、甲基對硫磷、馬拉硫磷、樂果、百菌清、2,4-滴、毒死蜱和草甘膦;滴滴涕和六六六分別用滴滴涕(總量)和六六六(總量)代替,并進(jìn)行了修訂;
——放射性指標(biāo)中修訂了總α放射性;
——修訂了地下水質(zhì)量綜合評價的有關(guān)規(guī)定。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由中華人民共和國國土資源部和水利部共同提出。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由全國國土資源標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(SAC/TC 93)歸口。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所代替標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的歷次版本發(fā)布情況為:
——GB/T 14848—1993。
引言
隨著我國工業(yè)化進(jìn)程加快,人工合成的各種化合物投入施用,地下水中各種化學(xué)組分正在發(fā)生變化;分析技術(shù)不斷進(jìn)步,為適應(yīng)調(diào)查評價需要,進(jìn)一步與升級的GB 5749—2006相協(xié)調(diào),促進(jìn)交流,有必要對GB/T 14848—1993進(jìn)行修訂。
GB/T 14848—1993是以地下水形成背景為基礎(chǔ),適應(yīng)了當(dāng)時的評價需要。新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)合修訂的GB 5749—2006、國土資源部近20年地下水方面的科研成果和國際最新研究成果進(jìn)行了修訂,增加了指標(biāo)數(shù)量,指標(biāo)由GB/T 14848—1993的39項(xiàng)增加至93項(xiàng),增加了54項(xiàng);調(diào)整了20項(xiàng)指標(biāo)分類限值,直接采用了19項(xiàng)指標(biāo)分類限值;減少了綜合評價規(guī)定,使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)具有更廣泛的應(yīng)用性。
地下水質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1 范圍
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了地下水質(zhì)量分類、指標(biāo)及限值,地下水質(zhì)量調(diào)查與監(jiān)測,地下水質(zhì)量評價等內(nèi)容。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于地下水質(zhì)量調(diào)查、監(jiān)測、評價與管理。
2 規(guī)范性引用文件
下列文件對于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,儀注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB 5749—2006 生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
GB/T 27025—2008 檢測和校準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室能力的通用要求
3 術(shù)語和定義
下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
地下水質(zhì)量 groundwater quality
地下水的物理、化學(xué)和生物性質(zhì)的總稱。
3.2
常規(guī)指標(biāo) regular indices
反映地下水質(zhì)量基本狀況的指標(biāo),包括感官性狀及一般化學(xué)指標(biāo)、微生物指標(biāo)、常見毒理學(xué)指標(biāo)和放射性指標(biāo)。
3.3
非常規(guī)指標(biāo) non-regular indices
在常規(guī)指標(biāo)上的拓展,根據(jù)地區(qū)和時間差異或特殊情況確定的地下水質(zhì)量指標(biāo),反映地下水中所產(chǎn)生的主要質(zhì)量問題,包括比較少見的無機(jī)和有機(jī)毒理學(xué)指標(biāo)。
3.4
人體健康風(fēng)險 human health risk
地下水中各種組分對人體健康產(chǎn)生危害的概率。
4 地下水質(zhì)量分類及指標(biāo)
4.1 地下水質(zhì)量分類
依據(jù)我國地下水質(zhì)量狀況和人體健康風(fēng)險,參照生活飲用水、工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)等用水質(zhì)量要求,依據(jù)各組分含量高低(pH除外),分為五類。
Ⅰ類:地下水化學(xué)組分含量低,適用于各種用途;
Ⅱ類:地下水化學(xué)組分含量較低,適用于各種用途;
Ⅲ類:地下水化學(xué)組分含量中等,以GB 5749—2006為依據(jù),主要適用于集中式生活飲用水水源及工農(nóng)業(yè)用水;
Ⅳ類:地下水化學(xué)組分含量較高,以農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)用水質(zhì)量要求以及一定水平的人體健康風(fēng)險為依據(jù),適用于農(nóng)業(yè)和部分工業(yè)用水,適當(dāng)處理后可作生活飲用水;
Ⅴ類:地下水化學(xué)組分含量高,不宜作為生活飲用水水源,其他用水可根據(jù)使用目的選用。
4.2 地下水質(zhì)量分類指標(biāo)
地下水質(zhì)量指標(biāo)分為常規(guī)指標(biāo)和非常規(guī)指標(biāo),其分類及限值分別見表1和表2。
表1 地下水質(zhì)量常規(guī)指標(biāo)及限值
序號 指標(biāo) Ⅰ類 Ⅱ類 Ⅲ類 Ⅳ類 Ⅴ類
感官性狀及一般化學(xué)指標(biāo)
1 色(鉑鈷色度單位) ≤5 ≤5 ≤15 ≤25 >25
2 嗅和味 無 無 無 無 有
3 渾濁度/NTUa ≤3 ≤3 ≤3 ≤10 >10
4 肉眼可見物 無 無 無 無 有
5 pH 6.5≤pH≤8.5 5.5≤pH<6.5
8.5<pH≤9.0 pH<5.5或pH>9.0
6 總硬度(以CaCO3計(jì))/(mg/L) ≤150 ≤300 ≤450 ≤650 >650
7 溶解性總固體/(mg/L) ≤300 ≤500 ≤1000 ≤2000 >2000
8 硫酸鹽/(mg/L) ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350
9 氯化物/(mg/L) ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350
10 鐵/(mg/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤2.0 >2.0
11 錳/(mg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 ≤1.50 >1.50
12 銅/(mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤1.00 ≤1.50 >1.50
13 鋅/(mg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.5 ≤1.00 ≤5.00 >5.00
14 鋁/(mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.20 ≤0.50 >0.50
15 揮發(fā)性酚類(以苯酚計(jì))/(mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 ≤0.01 >0.01
16 陰離子表面活性劑/(mg/L) 不得檢出 ≤0.1 ≤0.3 ≤0.3 >0.3
17 耗氧量(CODMn法,以O(shè)2計(jì))/(mg/L) ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤3.0 ≤10.0 >10.0
18 氨氮(以N計(jì))/(mg/L) ≤0.02 ≤0.10 ≤0.50 ≤1.50 >1.50
19 硫化物/(mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.02 ≤0.10 >0.10
20 鈉/(mg/L) ≤100 ≤150 ≤200 ≤400 >400
微生物指標(biāo)
21 總大腸菌群/(MPNb/100 mL或CFUc/100 mL) ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤100 >100
22 菌落總數(shù)/(CFU/mL) ≤100 ≤100 ≤100 ≤1000 >1000
毒理學(xué)指標(biāo)
23 亞硝酸鹽(以N計(jì))/(mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤4.80 >4.80
24 硝酸鹽(以N計(jì))/(mg/L) ≤2.0 ≤5.0 ≤20.0 ≤30.0 >30.0
25 氰化物/(mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1
26 氟化物/(mg/L) ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 >2.0
27 碘化物/(mg/L) ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.08 ≤0.50 >0.50
28 汞/(mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 >0.002
29 砷/(mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 >0.05
30 硒/(mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.1 >0.1
31 鎘/(mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 >0.01
32 鉻(六價)/(mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
33 鉛/(mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.10 >0.10
34 三氯甲烷/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤6 ≤60 ≤300 >300
35 四氯化碳/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤2.0 ≤50.0 >50.0
36 苯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤1.0 ≤10.0 ≤120 >120
37 甲苯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤140 ≤700 ≤1400 >1400
放射性指標(biāo)d
38 總α放射性/(Bq/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.1 ≤0.5 >0.5 >0.5
39 總β放射性/(Bq/L) ≤0.1 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 >1.0 >1.0
a NTU為散射濁度單位。
b MPN表示最可能數(shù)。
c CFU表示菌落形成單位。
d 放射性指標(biāo)超過指導(dǎo)值,應(yīng)進(jìn)行核素分析和評價。
表2 地下水質(zhì)量非常規(guī)指標(biāo)及限值
序號 指標(biāo) Ⅰ類 Ⅱ類 Ⅲ類 Ⅳ類 Ⅴ類
毒理學(xué)指標(biāo)
1 鈹/(mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.002 ≤0.06 >0.06
2 硼/(mg/L) ≤0.02 ≤0.10 ≤0.50 ≤2.00 >2.00
3 銻/(mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 >0.01
4 鋇/(mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤0.70 ≤4.00 >4.00
5 鎳/(mg/L) ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.02 ≤0.10 >0.10
6 鈷/(mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
7 鉬/(mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.07 ≤0.15 >0.15
8 銀/(mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
9 鉈/(mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 >0.001
10 二氯甲烷/(μg/L) ≤1 ≤2 ≤20 ≤500 >500
11 1,2-二氯乙烷/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤3.0 ≤30.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
12 1,1,1-三氯乙烷/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤400 ≤2000 ≤4000 >4000
13 1,1,2-三氯乙烷/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
14 1,2-二氯丙烷/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
15 三溴甲烷/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤10.0 ≤100 ≤800 >800
16 氯乙烯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤90.0 >90.0
17 1,1-二氯乙烯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤3.0 ≤30.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
18 1,2-二氯乙烯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤50.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
19 三氯乙烯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤7.0 ≤70.0 ≤210 >210
20 四氯乙烯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤4.0 ≤40.0 ≤300 >300
21 氯苯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤60.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
22 鄰二氯苯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤200 ≤1000 ≤2000 >2000
23 對二氯苯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤30.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
24 三氯苯(總量)/(μg/L)a ≤0.5 ≤4.0 ≤20.0 ≤180 >180
25 乙苯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤30.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
26 二甲苯(總量)/(μg/L)b ≤0.5 ≤100 ≤500 ≤1000 >1000
27 苯乙烯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤2.0 ≤20.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
28 2,4-二硝基甲苯/(μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
29 2,6-二硝基甲苯/(μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤30.0 >30.0
30 萘/(μg/L) ≤1 ≤10 ≤100 ≤600 >600
31 蒽/(μg/L) ≤1 ≤360 ≤1800 ≤3600 >3600
32 熒蒽/(μg/L) ≤1 ≤50 ≤240 ≤480 >480
33 苯并(b)熒蒽/(μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.4 ≤4.0 ≤8.0 >8.0
34 苯并(a)芘/(μg/L) ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.01 ≤0.50 >0.50
35 多氯聯(lián)苯(總量)/(μg/L)c ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.50 ≤10.0 >10.0
36 鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基已基)酯/(μg/L) ≤3 ≤3 ≤8.0 ≤300 >300
37 2,4,6-三氯酚/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤20.0 ≤200 ≤300 >300
38 五氯酚/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.90 ≤9.0 ≤18.0 >18.0
39 六六六(總量)/(μg/L)d ≤0.01 ≤0.50 ≤5.00 ≤300 >300
40 γ-六六六(林丹)/(μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.20 ≤2.00 ≤150 >150
41 滴滴涕(總量)/(μg/L)e ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
42 六氯苯/(μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
43 七氯/(μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.04 ≤0.40 ≤0.80 >0.80
44 2,4-滴/(μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤6.0 ≤30.0 ≤150 >150
45 克百威/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤1.40 ≤7.00 ≤14.0 >14.0
46 涕滅威/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.60 ≤3.00 ≤30.0 >30.0
47 敵敵畏/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
48 甲基對硫磷/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤4.00 ≤20.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
49 馬拉硫磷/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤25.0 ≤250 ≤500 >500
50 樂果/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤16.0 ≤80.0 ≤160 >160
51 毒死蜱/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤6.00 ≤30.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
52 百菌清/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤1.00 ≤10.0 ≤150 >150
53 莠去津/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.40 ≤2.00 ≤600 >600
54 草甘膦/(μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤140 ≤700 ≤1400 >1400
a 二氯苯(總量)為1,2,3-三氯苯、1,2,4-三氯苯、1,3,5-三氯苯3種異構(gòu)體加和。
b 二甲苯(總量)為鄰二甲苯、間二甲苯、對二甲苯3種異構(gòu)體加和。
c 多氯聯(lián)苯(總量)為PCB28、PCB52、PCB101、PCB118、PCB138、PCB153、PCB180、PCB194、PCB206 9種多氯聯(lián)苯單體加和。
d 六六六(總量)為α-六六六、β-六六六、γ-六六六、δ-六六六4種異構(gòu)體加和。
e 滴滴涕(總量)為o,p′-滴滴涕、p,p′-滴滴伊、p,p′-滴滴滴、p,p′-滴滴涕4種異構(gòu)體加和。
5 地下水質(zhì)量調(diào)查與監(jiān)測
5.1 地下水質(zhì)量應(yīng)定期監(jiān)測。潛水監(jiān)測頻率應(yīng)不少于每年兩次(豐水期和枯水期各1次),承壓水監(jiān)測頻率可以根據(jù)質(zhì)量變化情況確定,宜每年1次。
5.2 依據(jù)地下水質(zhì)量的動態(tài)變化,應(yīng)定期開展區(qū)域性地下水質(zhì)量調(diào)查評價。
5.3 地下水質(zhì)量調(diào)查與監(jiān)測指標(biāo)以常規(guī)指標(biāo)為主,為便于水化學(xué)分析結(jié)果的審核,應(yīng)補(bǔ)充鉀、鈣、鎂、重碳酸根、碳酸根、游離二氧化碳指標(biāo);不同地區(qū)可在常規(guī)指標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際情況補(bǔ)充選定非常規(guī)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行調(diào)查與監(jiān)測。
5.4 地下水樣品的采集參照相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行,地下水樣品的保存和送檢按附錄A執(zhí)行。
5.5 地下水質(zhì)量檢測方法的選擇參見附錄B,使用前應(yīng)按照GB/T 27025—2008中5.4的要求,進(jìn)行有效確認(rèn)和驗(yàn)證。
6 地下水質(zhì)量評價
6.1 地下水質(zhì)量評價應(yīng)以地下水質(zhì)量檢測資料為基礎(chǔ)。
6.2 地下水質(zhì)量單指標(biāo)評價,按指標(biāo)值所在的限值范圍確定地下水質(zhì)量類別,指標(biāo)限值相同時,從優(yōu)不從劣。
示例:揮發(fā)性酚類Ⅰ、Ⅱ類限值均為0.001 mg/L,若質(zhì)量分析結(jié)果為0.001 mg/L時,應(yīng)定為Ⅰ類,不定為Ⅱ類。
6.3 地下水質(zhì)量綜合評價,按單指標(biāo)評價結(jié)果最差的類別確定,并指出最差類別的指標(biāo)。
示例:某地下水樣氯化物含量400 mg/L,四氯乙烯含量350 μg/L,這兩個指標(biāo)屬Ⅴ類,其余指標(biāo)均低于Ⅴ類。則該地下水質(zhì)量綜合類別定為Ⅴ類,Ⅴ類指標(biāo)為氯離子和四氯乙烯。
附錄A
(規(guī)范性附錄)
地下水樣品保存和送檢要求
地下水樣品的保存和送檢要求見表A.1。
表A.1 地下水樣品的保存和送檢要求
序號 檢測指標(biāo) 采樣容器和體積 保存方法 保存時間
1 色 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
2 嗅和味 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
3 渾濁度 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
4 肉眼可見物 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
5 pH G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
6 總硬度 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
7 溶解性總固體 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
8 硫酸鹽 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
9 氯化物 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
10 鐵 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
11 錳 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
12 銅 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
13 鋅 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
14 鋁 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
15 揮發(fā)性酚類 G,1 L 氫氧化鈉,pH≥12,4℃冷藏 24 h
16 陰離子表面活性劑 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
17 耗氧量(CODMn法) G或P,1 L 原樣
或硫酸,pH≤2 10 d
24 h
18 氨氮 G或P,1 L 原樣
或硫酸,pH≤2,4℃冷藏 10 d
24 h
19 硫化物 棕色G,0.5 L 每100 mL水樣加入4滴乙酸鋅溶液(200 g/L)和氫氧化鈉溶液(40 g/L),避光 7 d
20 鈉 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
21 總大腸菌群 滅菌瓶或滅菌袋 原樣 4 h
22 菌落總數(shù) 滅菌瓶或滅菌袋 原樣 4 h
23 亞硝酸鹽 G或P,1 L 原樣
或硫酸,pH≤2,4℃冷藏 10 d
24 h
24 硝酸鹽 G或P,1 L 原樣
或硫酸,pH≤2,4℃冷藏 10 d
24 h
25 氰化物 G,1 L 氫氧化鈉,pH≥12,4℃冷藏 24 h
26 氟化物 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
27 碘化物 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
28 汞 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
29 砷 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
30 硒 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
31 鎘 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
32 鉻(六價) G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
33 鉛 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
34 總α放射性 P,5 L 原樣或鹽酸,pH≤2 30 d
35 總β放射性 P,5 L 原樣或鹽酸,pH≤2 30 d
36 鈹 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
37 硼 G或P,1 L 原樣 10 d
38 銻 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
39 鋇 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
40 鎳 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
41 鈷 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
42 鉬 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
43 銀 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
44 鉈 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
45 三氯甲烷 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
46 四氯化碳 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
47 苯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
48 甲苯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
49 二氯甲烷 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
50 1,2-二氯乙烷 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
51 1,1,1-三氯乙烷 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
52 1,1,2-三氯乙烷 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
53 1,2-二氯丙烷 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
54 三溴甲烷 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
55 氯乙烯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
56 1,1-二氯乙烯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
57 1,2-二氯乙烯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
58 三氯乙烯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
59 四氯乙烯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
60 氯苯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
61 鄰二氯苯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
62 對二氯苯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
63 三氯苯(總量) 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
64 乙苯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
65 二甲苯(總量) 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
66 苯乙烯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
67 2,4-二硝基甲苯 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
68 2,6-二硝基甲苯 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
69 萘 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
70 蒽 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
71 熒蒽 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
72 苯并(b)熒蒽 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
73 苯并(a)芘 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
74 多氯聯(lián)苯(總量) 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
75 鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基已基)酯 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
76 2,4,6-三氯酚 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
77 五氯酚 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
78 六六六(總量) 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
79 γ-六六六(林丹) 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
80 滴滴涕(總量) 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
81 六氯苯 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
82 七氯 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
83 2,4-滴 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
84 克百威 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
85 涕滅威 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
86 敵敵畏 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
87 甲基對硫磷 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
88 馬拉硫磷 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
89 樂果 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
90 毒死蜱 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
91 百菌清 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
92 莠去津 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
93 草甘膦 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
注1:G——硬質(zhì)玻璃瓶;P——聚乙烯瓶。
注2:對于無機(jī)檢測指標(biāo),當(dāng)采樣容器、采樣體積、保存方法和保存時間一致時,可采集一份樣品供檢測用。
注3:45號~66號為揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物,同一份樣品可完成上述指標(biāo)分析,共采樣2×40 mL。
注4:VOA棕色玻璃瓶指專用于揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物取樣分析的玻璃瓶,可用于吹掃捕集自動進(jìn)樣器,配套內(nèi)附聚四氟乙烯膜、取樣針可直接刺穿取樣的瓶蓋。
注5:67號~83號,86號~92號為極性比較小的半揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物,可以采用同一流程進(jìn)行萃取測定,共采樣2×1000 mL。
注6:84號~85號為極性比較大的半揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物,可以采用同一流程進(jìn)行萃取測定,共采樣2×1000 mL。
注7:93號需衍生化,單獨(dú)為一分析流程,采樣量2×1000 mL。
附錄B
(資料性附錄)
地下水質(zhì)量檢測指標(biāo)推薦分析方法
地下水質(zhì)量檢測指標(biāo)推薦分析方法見表B.1。
表B.1 地下水質(zhì)量檢測指標(biāo)推薦分析方法
序號 檢測指標(biāo) 推薦分析方法
1 色 鉑-鈷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比色法
2 嗅和味 嗅氣和嘗味法
3 渾濁度 散射法、比濁法
4 肉眼可見物 直接觀察法
5 pH 玻璃電極法(現(xiàn)場和實(shí)驗(yàn)室均需檢測)
6 總硬度 EDTA容量法、電感耦合等離子體原子發(fā)射光譜法、電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法
7 溶解性總固體 105℃干燥重量法、180℃干燥重量法
8 硫酸鹽 硫酸鋇重量法、離子色譜法、EDTA容量法、硫酸鋇比濁法
9 氯化物 離子色譜法、硝酸銀容量法
10 鐵 電感耦合等離子體原子發(fā)射光譜法、原子吸收光譜法、分光光度法
11 錳 電感耦合等離子體原子發(fā)射光譜法、電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法、原子吸收光譜法
12 銅 電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法、原子吸收光譜法
13 鋅 電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法、原子吸收光譜法
14 鋁 電感耦合等離子體原子發(fā)射光譜法、電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法
15 揮發(fā)性酚類 分光光度法、溴化容量法
16 陰離子表面活性劑 分光光度法
17 耗氧量(CODMn法) 酸性高錳酸鹽法、堿性高錳酸鹽法
18 氨氮 離子色譜法、分光光度法
19 硫化物 碘量法
20 鈉 電感耦合等離子體原子發(fā)射光譜法、火焰發(fā)射光度法、原子吸收光譜法
21 總大腸菌群 多管發(fā)酵法
22 菌落總數(shù) 平皿計(jì)數(shù)法
23 亞硝酸鹽 分光光度法
24 硝酸鹽 離子色譜法、紫外分光光度法
25 氰化物 分光光度法、容量法
26 氟化物 離子色譜法、離子選擇電極法、分光光度法
27 碘化物 分光光度法、電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法、離子色譜法
28 汞 原子熒光光譜法、冷原子吸收光譜法
29 砷 原子熒光光譜法、電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法
30 硒 原子熒光光譜法、電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法
31 鎘 電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法、石墨爐原子吸收光譜法
32 鉻(六價) 電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法、分光光度法
33 鉛 電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法
34 總α放射性 厚樣法
35 總β放射性 薄樣法
36 鈹 電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法
37 硼 電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法、分光光度法
38 銻 原子熒光光譜法、電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法
39 鋇 電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法
40 鎳 電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法
41 鈷 電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法
42 鉬 電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法
43 銀 電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法、石墨爐原子吸收光譜法
44 鉈 電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法
45 三氯甲烷 吹掃-捕集/氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法
頂空/氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法
46 四氯化碳
47 苯
48 甲苯
49 二氯甲烷
50 1,2-二氯乙烷
51 1,1,1-三氯乙烷
52 1,1,2-三氯乙烷
53 1,2-二氯丙烷
54 三溴甲烷
55 氯乙烯
56 1,1-二氯乙烯
57 1,2-二氯乙烯
58 三氯乙烯
59 四氯乙烯
60 氯苯
61 鄰二氯苯
62 對二氯苯
63 三氯苯(總量)
64 乙苯
65 二甲苯(總量)
66 苯乙烯
67 2,4-二硝基甲苯 氣相色譜-電子捕獲檢測器法
氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法
68 2,6-二硝基甲苯
69 萘 氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法
高效液相色譜-熒光檢測器-紫外檢測器法
70 蒽
71 熒蒽
72 苯并(b)熒蒽
73 苯并(a)芘
74 多氯聯(lián)苯(總量) 氣相色譜-電子捕獲檢測器法
氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法
75 鄰苯二甲酸二
(2-乙基已基)酯 氣相色譜-電子捕獲檢測器法
氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法
高效液相色譜-紫外檢測器法
76 2,4,6-三氯酚
77 五氯酚
78 六六六(總量) 氣相色譜-電子捕獲檢測器法
氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法
79 γ-六六六(林丹)
80 滴滴涕(總量) 氣相色譜-電子捕獲檢測器法
氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法
81 六氯苯
82 七氯
83 2,4-滴
84 克百威 液相色譜-紫外檢測器法
液相色譜-質(zhì)譜法
85 涕滅威
86 敵敵畏 氣相色譜-氮磷檢測器法
氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法
液相色譜-質(zhì)譜法
87 甲基對硫磷
88 馬拉硫磷
89 樂果
90 毒死蜱
91 百菌清 氣相色譜-電子捕獲檢測器法
氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法
液相色譜-質(zhì)譜法
92 莠去津
93 草甘膦 液相色譜-紫外檢測器法
液相色譜-質(zhì)譜法
注1:45號~66號為揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物,可采用吹掃-捕集/氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法或頂空/氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法同時測定。
注2:67號~83號、86號~92號可采用氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法同時測定。
注3:83號~92號可采用液相色譜-質(zhì)譜法同時測定。
注4:草甘膦需要衍生化,應(yīng)單獨(dú)一個分析流程。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] GB/T 1576—2008 工業(yè)鍋爐水質(zhì)
[2] GB 3838—2002 地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
[3] GB 5084—2005 農(nóng)田灌溉水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
[4] GB/T 14157—1993 水文地質(zhì)術(shù)語
[5] CJ/T 206—2005 城市供水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
[6] SL 219—2013 水環(huán)境監(jiān)測規(guī)范
[7] 金銀龍,鄂學(xué)禮,張嵐.GB 5749—2006《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》釋義[M].北京:中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社,2007.
[8] 衛(wèi)生部衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會.GB 5749—2006《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》應(yīng)用指南[M].北京:中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社,2010.
[9] 夏青,陳艷卿,劉憲兵.水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)與水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[M].北京:中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社,2004.
[10] Australian Govement, National Health and Medical Research Council, Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council. National Water Quality Management Strategy, Australlan drinking water guidelines. 2013.
[11] Council Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption. EU’s Drinking Water Standard. 1998.
[12] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Edition of the drinking water standards and health advisories. Washington, D.C., 2012.
[13] World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking-water quality (4th ed.). Geneva, 2011.