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This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 24549-2009 Fuel cell electric vehicles - Safety requirements, with respect to which, the following main technical changes have been made:
——The requirements for hydrogen emission test and hydrogen leakage test of complete fuel cell electric vehicles, as well as those for the reminder of low remaining amount of hydrogen are added (see 4.1.1, 4.1.2 and 4.1.3);
——The requirements for hydrogen cylinder and pipeline and pressure relief system are added (see 4.2.1 and 4.2.2);
——The requirements for hydrogen leakage of fuel pipeline and relevant detection as well as those for the function of hydrogen leakage alarm device are added (see 4.2.4 and 4.2.5);
——The closed space test of the complete vehicle is added (see 4.1.2.2);
——The post-crash safety requirements are deleted (see 4.6.5 of Edition 2009).
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 114 National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization.
The previous edition of this standard is as follows:
——GB/T 24549-2009.
Fuel cell electric vehicles - Safety requirements
1 Scope
This standard specifies the requirements for the safety of complete fuel cell electric vehicles and their key systems, as well as those for the manuals.
This standard is applicable to fuel cell electric vehicles powered by compressed gaseous hydrogen.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 18384-2020 Electric vehicles safety requirements
GB/T 24548 Fuel cell electric vehicles - Terminology
GB/T 37154-2018 Fuel cell electric vehicles - Test methods of hydrogen emission
GB/T 38117-2019 Electric vehicles product description - Emergency rescue
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 24548 and the following apply.
3.1
main shut off valve
valve for shutting off the supply of hydrogen from the compressed hydrogen storage system to the systems downstream of the valve
3.2
pressure relief device; PRD
device which is activated under specific conditions to release hydrogen from the compressed hydrogen storage system and thereby prevent failure of the system
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3.3
thermally-activated pressure relief device; TPRD
pressure relief device which is activated when the temperature reaches the set value and cannot be automatically reset
3.4
enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces
space within the vehicle that may be exposed to the compressed hydrogen storage system and environmental spaces, areas where hydrogen may collect, such as the passenger compartment, luggage compartment, cargo compartment or the space under the front hatch cover
3.5
nominal working pressure; NWP
charging limiting pressure at which the gas pressure in the compressed hydrogen storage system is fully stabilized at the reference temperature (15℃)
4 Safety requirements
4.1 Safety requirements for complete vehicle
4.1.1 Hydrogen emission of the complete vehicle
The test shall be carried out according to the method specified in 6.1 "Hydrogen emission with engine warmed-up in idle” of GB/T 37154-2018. During normal operation (including start and stop) the average hydrogen concentration within three consecutive seconds shall not exceed 4% by volume and the instantaneous hydrogen concentration shall not exceed 8% by volume.
4.1.2 Hydrogen leakage of the complete vehicle
4.1.2.1 Requirements for interior space
4.1.2.1.1 Hydrogen fuel leakage or permeation from the hydrogen system shall not be vented directly into the passenger, luggage or cargo compartments, or into any enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces within the vehicle where there is a potential risk of fire.
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4.1.2.1.2 At least one hydrogen leak detection sensor shall be installed at an appropriate location above the enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces where the hydrogen system is installed to detect the concentration of hydrogen in real time and transmit the signal to the hydrogen leakage alarm device.
4.1.2.1.3 A hydrogen leakage alarm reminding device shall be installed in areas easily noticeable by the driver, and the leakage concentration and warning signal level shall be determined by the manufacturer according to the service environment and requirements of the vehicle.
4.1.2.1.4 A warning shall be provided if the hydrogen concentration in an enclosed or semi-enclosed space reaches or exceeds 2.0%±1.0% by volume.
4.1.2.1.5 If the hydrogen concentration in the enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces reaches or exceeds 3.0%±1.0% by volume, the hydrogen supply shall be shut off immediately and automatically. If the vehicle is equipped with multiple hydrogen cylinders, it is allowed to shut off the hydrogen supply only for the those with hydrogen leakage.
4.1.2.1.6 In case of the failure of hydrogen leakage detection sensor, such as signal interruption, disconnection and short circuit, it shall be able to send a fault warning signal to the driver.
4.1.2.2 Requirements for exterior space
For Category M1 vehicles, the hydrogen leakage test shall be conducted in a confined space in accordance with Annex A, after which, the measured hydrogen concentration shall not be greater than 1% by volume at any moment.
4.1.3 Reminder of low remaining amount of hydrogen
The instrument indicating the hydrogen pressure of the hydrogen cylinder or the remaining amount of hydrogen shall be installed in an area easily observed by the driver, and if the pressure or remaining amount of hydrogen affects the driving of the vehicle, the driver shall be alerted by a visible signal (e.g., audible or optical signal) device.
4.1.4 Electrical safety requirements
The electrical safety of fuel cell electric vehicles shall meet those specified in GB 18384-2020.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety requirements
5 Requirements for manuals
Annex A (Normative) Specifications for hydrogen leakage test in confined spaces
Annex B (Normative) Function verification of hydrogen leakage alarm device
