"Lithium-ion Traction Battery Pack and System for Electric Vehicles" (GB/T 31467) comprises three parts:
- Part 1: Test Specification for High Power Applications;
- Part 2: Test Specification for High Energy Applications;
- Part 3: Safety Requirements and Test Methods.
This part is Part 3 of GB/T 31467.
This part was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Automobiles of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 114).
Drafting organizations of this part: China Automotive Technology & Research Center, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.18 Research Institute, BYD (Shenzhen) Automobile Co., Ltd., China FAW Group Corporation, China North Vehicle Research Institute, Huizhou Yineng Electronics Co., Ltd., Tianjin Lishen Battery Co., Ltd., Chery New Energy Automotive Technology Co., Ltd., Hubei Camel Storage Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., Potevio New Energy Co., Ltd., Shanghai CENAT Energy Co., Ltd., Tianjin Qingyuan Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd., Technology Center of SAIC Motor Group Co., Ltd., Qoros Auto Co. Ltd., Technology Center of Dongfeng Motor Group Company Limited, Contemporary Amperex Technology Limited, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing Institute of Technology, Shanghai Hengdong Auto Battery Co., Ltd., FAW-Volkswagen Automotive Co., Ltd. and Heter Electronics Group Co., Ltd.
Chief drafters of this part: Wu Zhixin, Lian Yubo, Wang Fang, Liu Shiqiang, Xiao Chengwei, Meng Xiangfeng, Hu Daozhong, Cai Yi, Zhang Jianhua, Pei Xiaojuan, Zhou Nenghui, Ruan Xusong, Zhang Na, Lu Kewei, Yu Hongtao, Zeng Xiangbing, Shao Zhehai, Jiang Wenfeng, Wang Hongmei, Xia Yang, Wang Zhenpo, Jiang Jiuchun, Wang Wei, Wei Xuezhe, Chen Weifan, Wang Qing, Liu Lei and Ren Shijie.
Lithium-ion Traction Battery Pack and System for Electric Vehicles –
Part 3: Safety Requirements and Test Methods
電動汽車用鋰離子動力蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)
第3部分:安全性要求與測試方法
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 31467 specifies safety requirements and test methods of lithium-ion traction battery pack and system for electric vehicles.
This part is applicable to lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems installed on electric vehicles, and nickel-hydrogen traction battery packs and systems may also refer to this part.
2 Normative References
The following documents for the application of this document are essential. Any dated reference, just dated edition applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document.
GB 4208 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP Code)
GB/T 18384.1 Electric Vehicles - Safety Specification - Part 1: On-board Energy Storage
GB/T 18384.3 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles - Safety Specifications - Part 3: Protection of Persons against Electric Hazards
GB/T 19596 Terminology of Electric Vehicles
GB/T 28046.1-2011 Road Vehicles - Environmental Conditions and Testing for Electrical and Electronic Equipment - Part 1: General
GB/T 31467.1-2015 Lithium-ion Traction Battery Pack and System for Electric Vehicles - Part 1: Test Specification for High Power Applications
GB/T 31467.2-2015 Lithium-ion Traction Battery Pack and System for Electric Vehicles - Part 2: Test Specification for High Energy Applications
3 Terminologies and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terminologies and definitions defined in GB/T 19596 and the following ones apply.
3.1
Battery electronics
Electronic device that collects or simultaneously monitors electric and thermal data of battery cells or modules and may contain electronics for cell balancing, if necessary.
Note: The battery electronics may include a cell controller. The balancing between battery cells may be controlled by the battery electronics or it may be controlled by the battery control unit (BCU).
3.2
Battery control unit; BCU
Electronic device that controls, manages, detects, or calculates electric and thermal parameters of the battery system and also provides communication between the battery system and other vehicle controllers.
3.3
Rated capacity
Discharge capacity of battery pack or system measured under specified conditions.
3.4
Battery pack
Unit that generally includes storage battery, battery management module (excluding BCU), battery container and corresponding accessories and is capable of obtaining external electric energy and outputting electric energy outwards.
3.5
Battery system
Energy storage device that is composed of one or more battery packs and corresponding accessories (management system, high voltage circuit, low voltage circuit, thermal management equipment and mechanical assembly, etc.).
3.6
High voltage
The maximum working voltage which is larger than 30 V a.c.(rms) and is less than or equal to 1,000 V a.c.(rms), or the voltage which is larger than 60 V d.c. and is less than or equal to 1,500 V d.c.
3.7
Low voltage
The maximum working voltage which is not larger than 30 V a.c.(rms), or the voltage which is not larger than 60 V d.c.
4 Symbols and Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply.
nC: the current rate, which is equal to n times of 1h discharge capacity [ampere (A)]
SOC: the state of charge at room temperature
5 General Test Conditions
5.1 General Conditions
5.1.1 Unless otherwise stated in some specific test items, the test shall be carried out in such environment with temperature of 25℃±5℃ and humidity of 15%~90%. The room temperature mentioned in this standard refers to 25℃±2℃.
5.1.2 Battery pack and system shall meet the relevant requirements of GB/T 18384.1 and GB/T 18384.3.
5.1.3 The necessary documentation for operation and needed interface parts for connection to the test equipment (i.e. connectors, plugs including cooling) shall be delivered together with the battery pack and system. The typical configurations of battery pack and battery system are shown in Appendix A. The manufacturer shall provide the operational limits of battery pack or system to ensure the safety of whole test process.
5.1.4 The protection degree of battery pack and system shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 4208 according to the actual installation position.
5.1.5 Prior to all tests, the battery pack and system shall undergo insulation resistance test. The test positions are: positive pole and enclosure, and negative pole and enclosure. The insulation resistance shall not be less than 100Ω/V.
5.1.6 When the target ambient temperature of the test is changed, the test object shall complete environmental adaptation process prior to test: in case of low temperature, the test object shall be kept still for no less than 24h; in case of high temperature, the test object shall be kept still for no less than 16h.
5.1.7 If the battery pack and system is unsuitable to undergo some tests due to certain reasons (e.g., size or weight), upon the agreement of the supplier and the purchaser, the subsystem of battery pack and system may be substitutively used as the test object to undergo all or part of tests, but the subsystem adopted as test object shall comprise all the parts relevant to the requirements of complete vehicle.
5.1.8 Method of adjusting SOC to n% of test target value: the battery pack and system shall be fully charged according to the charging mode provided by the manufacturer, then they shall be kept still for 1h and discharge by (100-n)/100 h at constant current according to 1C. After each SOC adjustment and before the beginning of a new test, the test object shall be kept still for 30min.
5.1.9 During test, there shall be a certain rest period between some test procedures in order to achieve equilibration of internal reaction and temperature of battery pack and system.
5.1.10 During test, the discharge rate shall comply with those specified in this part, and the charging mechanism and discharging cut-off condition shall be provided by the manufacturer.
5.1.11 The rated capacity of battery pack and system has an important influence on test process. The absolute value of the difference between actual available capacity (6.2) and rated capacity of battery pack and system shall not exceed 5% of rated capacity.
5.1.12 Unless otherwise specified, the test object shall undergo test at full charge state as specified by the manufacturer.
5.1.13 The test items, clause No. of test methods, test conditions and other information required for the battery pack and system are given in Appendix B.
5.1.14 The discharging current symbol of battery is positive and the charging current symbol is negative.
5.2 Accuracy Requirements
5.2.1 The requirements for the accuracy of measurement instruments and meters are as follows:
- Voltage measurement device: ≥ Class 0.5;
- Current measurement device: ≥ Class 0.5;
- Temperature measurement device: ±0.5℃;
- Time measurement device: ±0.1%;
- Dimension measurement device: ±0.1%;
- Mass measurement device: ±0.1%.
5.2.2 During test, the requirements for the error between controlling value (actual value) and target value are as follows:
- Voltage: ±1%;
- Current: ±1%;
- Temperature: ±2℃.
5.3 Data Recording and Recording Interval
All test data (time, temperature, current, and voltage, etc.) shall be noted at least every 1% of the estimated discharge and charge time, except if it is noted otherwise in the individual test items.
5.4 Test Preparation
5.4.1 Preparation of battery pack
The high voltage, low voltage and cooling device of battery pack shall be connected with the test bench equipment and the passive protection function of battery pack shall be started. Working conditions and working parameters of battery pack shall be detected and controlled by the test bench according to the requirements of battery pack manufacturer and the test specification, and the active protection shall be maintained, if necessary via disconnection of the battery pack main contactors. The cooling device shall be operated according to the manufacturer's requirements. During test of battery pack, there shall be no information exchange between battery pack and test bench, and the parameter limits of battery pack shall be directly controlled by the test bench. The test bench shall detect such parameters as current, voltage, capacity or energy of battery pack and also take these data as the test results and calculation basis.
5.4.2 Preparation of battery system
The high voltage, low voltage, cooling device and BCU of battery system shall be connected with the test bench equipment and the active and passive protection of battery system shall be started. The test bench shall ensure the test parameters and conditions being consistent with the requirements of test specification, and shall ensure that the battery system works within reasonable limits, and these limits are provided by BCU to test bench by the BCU via bus communication. The BCU shall control the operation of cooling device. If necessary, the BCU program shall be adapted by the battery system manufacturer according to the test specification. Active protection shall be maintained by the test bench equipment, too, if necessary, via request of disconnection of the battery system main contactors. During test of battery system, the battery system shall communicate with the test bench via bus and shall transmit the state parameters and operational limits of battery to the test bench at real time, and then the test bench shall control the test process according to the battery state and operational limits. The test bench shall detect such parameters as current, voltage, capacity or energy of battery system and also take these data as the test results and calculation basis. Parameters uploaded by battery system shall not be taken as the test results or test basis.
6 General Tests
6.1 Measurement Accuracy of State Parameters
6.1.1 The state parameter measurement accuracy test of electronics or BCU of battery pack and system shall be carried out before starting the real testing sequence, so as to ensure the accuracy of parameters during test.
6.1.2 The state parameter measurement accuracy of electronics or BCU of battery pack and system shall meet the requirements specified in Table 1.
Table 1 Requirements for Measurement Accuracy of State Parameters
Parameter Total voltage value Temperature value Cell (module) voltage value
Accuracy requirement ≤±2% FS ≤±2℃ ≤±0.5% FS
6.2 Pre-conditioning Test
6.2.1 Battery pack and system shall be conditioned by performing some cycles, before starting the real testing sequence, so as to ensure activation and adequate stabilization of the battery pack and system performance.
6.2.2 The test procedure for pre-conditioning cycles shall be carried out at room temperature according to 6.1 of GB/T 31467.1-2015 or GB/T 31467.2-2015. The battery pack and system shall be considered as pre-conditioned if the discharge capacity during two consecutive discharges does not change by a value greater than 3% of the rated capacity. A standard charging procedure shall be carried out again if the time interval between standard cycle and a new test item is larger than 24h.
7 Safety Test
7.1 Vibration
7.1.1 Vibration test of battery pack or system
The test object shall be installed on vibration table by making reference to the installation position of test object on vehicle and the requirements of GB/T 2423.43. The battery pack or system shall undergo sinusoidal vibration for 15min, with the vibration frequency increased from 7Hz to 50Hz and then reduced back to 7Hz. This cycle shall be repeated 12 times within 3h in the vertical direction of installation position of battery pack or system specified by the manufacturer.
The relationship between vibration frequency and acceleration is detailed in Table 2:
Table 2 Frequency and Acceleration
Frequency /Hz Acceleration /m/s2
7-18 10
18-30 From 10 to 2 gradually
30-50 2
Higher frequency and acceleration may be used as required by the manufacturer.
With approval of the technical service organization, the vibration test scheme determined by the manufacturer may be an alternative of frequency-acceleration relationship given in Table 2 as required by the manufacturer. However, the test certification of battery pack or system obtained in this case is only applicable to special vehicle type.
After undergoing vibration, the battery pack or system shall run for one standard cycle according to the method specified in 6.2 of GB/T 31467.1-2015 or 6.2 in GB/T 31467.2-2015, and the charging and discharging current may be adjusted in this cycle as required by the manufacturer.
After the end of test, the battery pack or system shall be observed for 1h under the test ambient temperature.
7.1.2 Requirements
7.1.2.1 During test, the minimum monitoring unit of battery pack or system shall have no sharp change of voltage (the absolute value of voltage difference is not larger than 0.15V), the battery pack or system shall be kept with reliable connection and intact structure and also shall be free from such phenomena as leakage, enclosure rupture, fire or explosion. After the test, the insulation resistance shall not be less than 100Ω/V.
7.1.2.2 After completion of the test, battery pack shall be capable of uninterruptedly completing one standard cycle specified in 6.2 of GB/T 31467.1-2015 or 6.2 in GB/T 31467.2-2015.
7.1.2.3 After the end of test, the battery pack or system shall be observed for 1h under the test ambient temperature. The minimum monitoring unit of battery pack or system shall have no sharp change of voltage (the absolute value of voltage difference is not larger than 0.15V), the battery pack or system shall be kept with reliable connection and intact structure and also shall be free from such phenomena as leakage, enclosure rupture, fire or explosion. After the test, the insulation resistance shall not be less than 100Ω/V.
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terminologies and Definitions
4 Symbols and Abbreviations
5 General Test Conditions
5.1 General Conditions
5.2 Accuracy Requirements
5.3 Data Recording and Recording Interval
5.4 Test Preparation
6 General Tests
6.1 Measurement Accuracy of State Parameters
6.2 Pre-conditioning Test
7 Safety Test
7.1 Vibration
7.2 Mechanical Shock
7.3 Drop
7.4 Turnover
7.5 Simulated Crash
7.6 Squeezing
7.7 Temperature shock
7.8 Humid Heat Cycling
7.9 Seawater Immersion
7.10 Exposure to Fire
7.11 Salt Mist
7.12 High Altitude
7.13 Over-temperature Protection
7.14 Short Circuit Protection
7.15 Overcharge Protection
7.16 Overdischarge Protection
Appendix A (Informative) Typical Configurations of Battery Pack and Battery System
Appendix B (Informative) Test Items of Battery Pack and Battery System
ICS 43.080
T 47
中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
GB/T 31467.3—2015
電動汽車用鋰離子動力蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)
第3部分:安全性要求與測試方法
Lithium-ion traction battery pack and system for electric vehicles—
Part 3: Safety requirements and test methods
(ISO 12405-3:2014, Electrically propelled road vehicles—Test specification for Lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems—Part 3 : Safety performance requirements, NEQ)
2015-05-15發(fā)布 2015-05-15實施
中華人民共和國國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗檢疫總局
中國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會
發(fā)布
前言
GB/T 31467《電動汽車用鋰離子動力蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)》分為三個部分:
——第1部分:高功率應(yīng)用測試規(guī)程;
——第2部分:高能量應(yīng)用測試規(guī)程;
——第3部分:安全性要求與測試方法。
本部分為GB/T 31467的第3部分。
本部分按照GB/T 1.1—2009給出的規(guī)則起草。
本部分由中華人民共和國工業(yè)和信息化部提出。
本部分由全國汽車標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(SAC/TC 114)歸口。
本部分起草單位:中國汽車技術(shù)研究中心、中國電子科技集團(tuán)公司第十八研究所、深圳市比亞迪汽車有限公司、中國第一汽車股份有限公司、中國北方車輛研究所、惠州市億能電子有限公司、天津力神電池股份有限公司、奇瑞新能源汽車技術(shù)有限公司、湖北駱駝蓄電池研究院有限公司、普天新能源有限責(zé)任公司、上??湍茉从邢薰?、天津清源電動車輛有限責(zé)任公司、上海汽車集團(tuán)股份有限公司技術(shù)中心、觀致汽車有限公司、東風(fēng)汽車集團(tuán)股份有限公司技術(shù)中心、寧德時代新能源科技有限公司、北京交通大學(xué)、北京理工大學(xué)、上海恒動汽車電池有限公司、一汽-大眾汽車有限公司、海特電子集團(tuán)有限公司。
本部分主要起草人:吳志新、廉玉波、王芳、劉仕強(qiáng)、肖成偉、孟祥峰、胡道中、蔡毅、張建華、裴小娟、周能輝、阮旭松、張娜、陸珂?zhèn)?、于洪濤、曾祥兵、邵浙海、江文峰、王紅梅、夏陽、王震坡、姜久春、王偉、魏學(xué)哲、陳凡偉、王清、劉磊、任士界。
電動汽車用鋰離子動力蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)
第3部分:安全性要求與測試方法
1 范圍
GB/T 31467的本部分規(guī)定了電動汽車用鋰離子動力蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)安全性的要求和測試方法。
本部分適用于裝載在電動汽車上的鋰離子動力蓄電池包和系統(tǒng),鎳氫動力蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)等可參照執(zhí)行。
2 規(guī)范性引用文件
下列文件對于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB 4208外殼防護(hù)等級(IP代碼)
GB/T 18384.1 電動汽車 安全要求 第1部分:車載儲能裝置
GB/T 18384.3 電動汽車 安全要求 第3部分:人員觸電防護(hù)
GB/T 19596 電動汽車術(shù)語
GB/T 28046.1—2011道路車輛 電氣及電子設(shè)備的環(huán)境條件和試驗 第1部分:一般規(guī)定
GB/T 31467.1—2015 電動汽車用鋰離子動力蓄電池包和系統(tǒng) 第1部分:高功率應(yīng)用測試規(guī)程
GB/T 31467.2—2015 電動汽車用鋰離子動力蓄電池包和系統(tǒng) 第2部分:高能量應(yīng)用測試規(guī)程
3術(shù)語和定義
GB/T 19596界定的以及下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
蓄電池電子部件battery electronics
采集或者同時監(jiān)測蓄電池單體或模塊的電和熱數(shù)據(jù)的電子裝置,可以包括用于蓄電池單體均衡的電子部件。
注:蓄電池電子部件可以包括單體控制器。單體電池間的均衡可以由蓄電池電子部件控制,或者通過蓄電池控制單元控制。
3.2
蓄電池控制單元battery control unit;BCU
控制、管理、檢測或計算蓄電池系統(tǒng)的電和熱相關(guān)的參數(shù),并提供蓄電池系統(tǒng)和其他車輛控制器通訊的電子裝置。
3.3
額定容量rated capacity
在規(guī)定條件下測得的蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)的放電容量值。
3.4
蓄電池包battery pack
通常包括蓄電池組、蓄電池管理模塊(不包含BCU)、蓄電池箱以及相應(yīng)附件,具有從外部獲得電能并可對外輸出電能的單元。
3.5
蓄電池系統(tǒng)battery system
一個或一個以上蓄電池包及相應(yīng)附件(管理系統(tǒng)、高壓電路、低壓電路、熱管理設(shè)備以及機(jī)械總成等)構(gòu)成的能量存儲裝置。
3.6
高壓high voltage
最大工作電壓大于30 V a.c.(rms)且小于或等于1 000 V a.c.(rms),或大于60 V d.c.且小于或等于1 500 V d.c.的電壓。
3.7
低壓low voltage
最大工作電壓不大于30 V a.c.(rms),或不大于60 V d.c.的電壓。
4符號和縮略語
下列符號和縮略語適用于本文件。
nC:電流倍率,等于1h放電容量的n倍[單位為安(A)]
SOC:室溫荷電狀態(tài)(state of charge)
5通用測試條件
5.1 一般條件
5.1.1 除非在某些具體測試項目中另有說明,測試工作在溫度為25℃±5℃,濕度為15%~90%環(huán)境下進(jìn)行。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所提到的室溫,是指25℃±2℃。
5.1.2蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)應(yīng)滿足GB/T 18384.1和GB/T 18384.3的相關(guān)要求。
5.1.3蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)交付時需要包括必要的操作文件,以及和測試設(shè)備相連所需的接口部件,如連接器,插頭,包括冷卻接口,蓄電池包和蓄電池系統(tǒng)的典型結(jié)構(gòu)參見附錄A。制造商需要提供蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)的工作限值,以保證整個測試過程的安全。
5.1.4蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)的防護(hù)等級應(yīng)根據(jù)實際安裝位置滿足GB 4208的相關(guān)要求。
5.1.5蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)在所有測試前進(jìn)行絕緣電阻測試。測試位置為:正極與殼體,負(fù)極與殼體。要求絕緣電阻值不小于100 Ω/V。
5.1.6 當(dāng)測試的目標(biāo)環(huán)境溫度改變時,在進(jìn)行測試前測試對象需要完成環(huán)境適應(yīng)過程:在低溫下靜置不少于24 h;在高溫下靜置不小于16 h。
5.1.7如果蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)由于某些原因(如尺寸或重量)不適合進(jìn)行某些測試,那么供需雙方協(xié)商一致后可以用蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)的子系統(tǒng)代替作為測試對象,進(jìn)行全部或部分測試,但是作為測試對象的子系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該包含和整車要求相關(guān)的所有部分。
5.1.8調(diào)整SOC至試驗?zāi)繕?biāo)值n%的方法:按制造商提供的充電方式將蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)充滿電,靜置1 h,以1C恒流放電(100-n)/100 h。每次SOC調(diào)整后,在新的測試開始前測試對象需要靜置30 min。
5.1.9測試過程中,為了蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部反應(yīng)及溫度的平衡,某些測試步驟之間需要靜置一定的時間。
5.1.10測試過程中的放電倍率大小按照本部分的規(guī)定執(zhí)行,充電機(jī)制和放電截止條件由制造商提供。
5.1.11 蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)的額定容量對于測試過程具有重要影響。蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)實際可用容量(6.2)與額定容量之差的絕對值不得超過額定容量的5%。
5.1.12除有特殊規(guī)定,測試對象均以制造商規(guī)定的滿電態(tài)進(jìn)行測試。
5.1.13蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)需要進(jìn)行的測試項目、測試方法章條號、測試條件等信息參見附錄8。
5.1.14蓄電池放電電流符號為正,充電電流符號為負(fù)。
5.2準(zhǔn)確度要求
5.2.1 測量儀器、儀表準(zhǔn)確度的要求如下:
——電壓測量裝置:不低于0.5級;
——電流測量裝置:不低于0.5級;
——溫度測量裝置:±0.5℃;
——時問測量裝置:±0.1%;
——尺寸測量裝置:±0.1%;
——質(zhì)量測量裝置:±0.1%。
5.2.2測試過程中,控制值(實際值)和目標(biāo)值之間的誤差要求如下:
——電壓:±1%;
——電流:±1%;
——溫度:±2℃。
5.3數(shù)據(jù)記錄和記錄間隔
除非在某些具體測試項目中另有說明,否則在預(yù)計的充電或放電時間的至少每1%間隔處記錄測試數(shù)據(jù),如時間、溫度、電流和電壓等。
5.4試驗準(zhǔn)備
5.4.1 蓄電池包的準(zhǔn)備
蓄電池包的高壓、低壓及冷卻裝置要和測試平臺設(shè)備相連,開啟蓄電池包的被動保護(hù)功能。根據(jù)蓄電池包制造商的要求和測試規(guī)程,測試平臺檢測和控制電池包的工作狀態(tài)和工作參數(shù),并保證主動保護(hù)開啟,必要時可以通過斷開蓄電池包的主接觸器來實現(xiàn)。冷卻裝置根據(jù)制造商的要求工作。蓄電池包測試過程中,蓄電池包和測試平臺之間沒有信息交換,蓄電池包的參數(shù)限值由測試平臺直接控制。測試平臺檢測蓄電池包的電流、電壓、容量或能量等參數(shù),并將這些數(shù)據(jù)作為檢測結(jié)果和計算依據(jù)。
5.4.2蓄電池系統(tǒng)的準(zhǔn)備
蓄電池系統(tǒng)的高壓、低壓、冷卻裝置及BCU要和測試平臺設(shè)備相連,開啟蓄電池系統(tǒng)的主動和被動保護(hù)。測試平臺保證測試參數(shù)和條件與測試規(guī)程的要求一致,并保證蓄電池系統(tǒng)工作在合理的限值之內(nèi),這些限值由BCU通過總線傳輸至測試平臺。BCU控制冷卻裝置的工作。必要時BCU的程序可以由蓄電池系統(tǒng)制造商根據(jù)測試規(guī)程進(jìn)行更改。主動保護(hù)同時也需要由平臺測試設(shè)備保證,必要時可以通過斷開蓄電池系統(tǒng)的主接觸器實現(xiàn)。蓄電池系統(tǒng)測試過程中,蓄電池系統(tǒng)通過總線和測試平臺通訊,將蓄電池狀態(tài)參數(shù)和工作限值實時傳輸給測試平臺,再由測試平臺根據(jù)電池狀態(tài)和工作限值控制測試過程。測試平臺檢測蓄電池系統(tǒng)的電流、電壓、容量或能量等參數(shù),并將這些數(shù)據(jù)作為檢測結(jié)果和計算依據(jù)。蓄電池系統(tǒng)上傳的參數(shù)不作為檢測結(jié)果或測試依據(jù)。
6通用測試
6.1 狀態(tài)參數(shù)測量準(zhǔn)確度
6.1.1 正式測試開始前,應(yīng)先進(jìn)行蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)的電子部件或BCU的狀態(tài)參數(shù)測量準(zhǔn)確度試驗,以確保測試時參數(shù)的準(zhǔn)確性。
6.1.2蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)的電子部件或BCU的狀態(tài)參數(shù)測量準(zhǔn)確度應(yīng)滿足表1的要求。
表1 狀態(tài)參數(shù)測量精度要求
參數(shù) 總電壓值 溫度值 單體(模塊)電壓值
精度要求 ≤±2%FS ≤±2℃ ≤±0.5%FS
6.2預(yù)處理測試
6.2.1 正式測試開始前,蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)需要先進(jìn)行預(yù)處理循環(huán),以確保測試時蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)的性能處于激活和穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)。
6.2.2 預(yù)處理循環(huán)在室溫下進(jìn)行,具體步驟依據(jù)GB/T 31467.1—2015或GB/T 31467.2—2015中6.1進(jìn)行。如果連續(xù)兩次的放電容量的差別小于額定容量的3%,則蓄電池包和系統(tǒng)完成預(yù)處理測試。如果標(biāo)準(zhǔn)循環(huán)和一個新的測試項目之間時間間隔大于24 h,則需要重新進(jìn)行一次標(biāo)準(zhǔn)充電。
7安全性測試
7.1 振動
7.1.1 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)的振動試驗
7.1.1.1參考測試對象車輛安裝位置和GB/T 2423.43的要求,將測試對象安裝在振動臺上。振動測試在三個方向上進(jìn)行,測試從z軸開始,然后是y軸,最后是x軸。測試過程參照GB/T 2423.56。
7.1.1.2對于安裝位置在車輛乘員倉下部的測試對象,測試參數(shù)按照表2、表4、表5和圖1進(jìn)行;對于安裝在其他位置的測試對象,測試參數(shù)按照表2、表3、表5和圖1進(jìn)行。
表2 z軸PSD值
頻率
Hz 功率譜密度(PSD)
g2/Hz 功率譜密度(PSD)
(m/s2)2/Hz
5 0.05 4.81
10 0.06 5.77
20 0.06 5.77
200 0.000 8 0.08
RMS 1.44 g 14.13 m/s2
表3 y軸PSD值
頻率
Hz 功率譜密度(PSD)
g2/Hz 功率譜密度(PSD)
(m/s2)2/Hz
5 0.04 3.85
20 0.04 3.85
200 0.000 8 0.08
RMS 1.23 g 12.07 m/s2
表4 y軸PSD值(蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)的安裝在車輛成員倉下部)
頻率
Hz 功率譜密度(PSD)
g2/Hz 功率譜密度(PSD)
(m/s2)2/Hz
5 0.01 0.96
10 0.015 1.44
20 0.015 1.44
50 0.01 0.96
200 0.000 4 0.04
RMS 0.95 g 9.32 m/s2
表5 x軸PSD值
頻率
Hz 功率譜密度(PSD)
g2/Hz 功率譜密度(PSD)
(m/s2)2/Hz
5 0.012 5 1.20
10 0.03 2.89
20 0.03 2.89
200 0.000 25 0.02
RMS 0.96 g 9.42 m/s2
7.1.1.3每個方向的測試時間是21 h,如果測試對象是兩個,則可以減少到15 h,如果測試對象是三個,則可以減少到12 h。
7.1.1.4試驗過程中,監(jiān)控測試對象內(nèi)部最小監(jiān)控單元的狀態(tài),如電壓和溫度等。
7.1.1.5振動測試后,觀察2 h。
說明:
X——頻率(Hz);
Y1——功率譜密度(g2/Hz);
Y2——功率譜密度(PSD)E(m/s2)2/Hz];
1——水平縱向PSD X;
2——水平橫向PSD Y;
3——水平橫向PSD Y;
4——縱向PSD Z。
圖1 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)的振動測試功率譜密度曲線
7.1.2蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)的電子裝置的振動試驗
7.1.2.1 對于安裝在車輛懸架之上部位(車身)的測試對象,按照圖2和表6進(jìn)行隨機(jī)振動試驗;對于其他安裝位置的測試對象,參照GB/T 28046.3的相關(guān)試驗進(jìn)行測試。
7.1.2.2參照GB/T 2423.56執(zhí)行隨機(jī)振動。測試對象的每個平面都進(jìn)行8 h的振動測試。
7.1.2.3振動過程中測試對象按照GB/T 28046.1—2011的要求,工作在3.2模式。
說明:
Y——PSD[(m/s2)2/Hz];
X——頻率(Hz)。
圖2加速度PSD和頻率對應(yīng)關(guān)系
表6 PSD值和頻率
頻率
Hz 功率譜密度(m/s2)2/Hz
10 20
55 6.5
180 0.25
300 0.25
360 0.14
1 000 0.14
RMS 27.8 m/s2
7.1.3 要求
7.1.3.1 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng):測試過程中,蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)的最小監(jiān)控單元無電壓銳變(電壓差的絕對值不大于0.15 V),蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)保持連接可靠、結(jié)構(gòu)完好,蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)無泄漏、外殼破裂、著火或爆炸等現(xiàn)象。試驗后的絕緣電阻值不小于100 Ω/V。
7.1.3.2蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)的電子裝置:試驗過程中,連接可靠,結(jié)構(gòu)完好,無裝機(jī)松動,且試驗后狀態(tài)參數(shù)測量精度滿足表1的要求。
7.2機(jī)械沖擊
7.2.1測試對象為蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)。
7.2.2對測試對象施加25 g、15 ms的半正弦沖擊波形,z軸方向沖擊3次,觀察2 h。
7.2.3要求:蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)無泄漏、外殼破裂、著火或爆炸等現(xiàn)象。試驗后的絕緣電阻值不小于100 Ω/V。
7.3跌落
7.3.1 測試對象為蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)。
7.3.2測試對象以實際維修或者安裝過程中最可能跌落的方向,若無法確定最可能跌落的方向,則沿z軸方向,從1 m的高度處自由跌落到水泥地面上,觀察2 h。
7.3.3要求:蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)無電解液泄漏、著火或爆炸等現(xiàn)象。
7.4翻轉(zhuǎn)
7.4.1測試對象為蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)。
7.4.2測試對象繞x軸先以6°/s速度轉(zhuǎn)動360°,然后以90°增量旋轉(zhuǎn),每隔90°增量保持1 h,旋轉(zhuǎn)360°停止。觀察2 h。
7.4.3測試對象繞y軸先以6°/s速度轉(zhuǎn)動360°,然后以90°增量旋轉(zhuǎn),每隔90°增量保持1 h,旋轉(zhuǎn)360°停止。觀察2 h。
7.4.4要求:蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)無泄漏、外殼破裂、著火或爆炸等現(xiàn)象,并保持連接可靠、結(jié)構(gòu)完好,試驗后的絕緣電阻值不小于100 Ω/V。
7.5模擬碰撞
7.5.1測試對象為蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)。
7.5.2測試對象水平安裝在帶有支架的臺車上,根據(jù)測試對象的使用環(huán)境給臺車施加表7和圖3中規(guī)定的脈沖(汽車行駛方向為x軸,另一垂直于行駛方向的水平方向為y軸)。觀察2 h。
表7模擬碰撞試驗脈沖參數(shù)表
脈寬
ms ≤3.5 t 3.5 t~7.5 t ≥7.5 t
x方向加速度 y方向加速度 x方向加速度 y方向加速度 x方向加速度 y方向加速度
A 20 0 g 0 g 0 g 0 g 0 g 0 g
B 50 20 g 8 g 10 g 5 g 6.6 g 5 g
C 65 20 g 8 g 10 g 5 g 6.6 g 5 g
D 100 0 g 0 g 0 g 0 g 0 g 0 g
E 0 10 g 4.5 g 5 g 2.5 g 4 g 2.5 g
F 50 28 g 15 g 17 g 10 g 12 g 10 g
G 80 28 g 15 g 17 g 10 g 12 g 10 g
H 120 0 g 0 g 0 g 0 g 0 g 0 g
加速度
脈寬
圖3加速度脈沖示意圖
7.5.3要求:蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)無泄漏、外殼破裂、著火或爆炸等現(xiàn)象。試驗后的絕緣電阻值不小于100 Ω/V。
7.6擠壓
7.6.1測試對象為蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)。
7.6.2按下列條件進(jìn)行加壓:
——擠壓板形式:半徑75 mm的半圓柱體,半圓柱體的長度大于測試對象的高度,但不超過1 m。
——擠壓方向:x和y方向(汽車行駛方向為x軸,另一垂直于行駛方向的水平方向為y軸)。
——擠壓程度:擠壓力達(dá)到200 kN或擠壓變形量達(dá)到擠壓方向的整體尺寸的30%時停止擠壓。
——保持10 min。
——觀察1 h。
7.6.3要求:蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)無著火、爆炸等現(xiàn)象。
7.7 溫度沖擊
7.7.1測試對象為蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)。
7.7.2測試對象置于(-40±2)℃~(85±2)℃的交變溫度環(huán)境中,兩種極端溫度的轉(zhuǎn)換時間在30 min以內(nèi)。測試對象在每個極端溫度環(huán)境中保持8 h,循環(huán)5次。在室溫下觀察2 h。
7.7.3要求:蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)無泄漏、外殼破裂、著火或爆炸等現(xiàn)象。試驗后的絕緣電阻值不小于100 Ω/V。
7.8濕熱循環(huán)
7.8.1測試對象為蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)。
7.8.2參考GB/T 2423.4執(zhí)行試驗Db、變量見圖4。其中最高溫度是+80℃,循環(huán)次數(shù)5次。在室溫下觀察2 h。
說明:
Y1——相對濕度,%;
Y2——溫度,℃;
X——時間,h;
a升溫結(jié)束;
b降溫開始;
c推薦溫濕度值;
d冷凝;
e干燥;
f一個循環(huán)周期。
圖4溫濕度循環(huán)
7.8.3要求:蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)無泄漏、外殼破裂、著火或爆炸等現(xiàn)象。試驗后30 min之內(nèi)的絕緣電阻值不小于100 Ω/V。
7.9海水浸泡
7.9.1測試對象為蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)。
7.9.2室溫下,測試對象以實車裝配狀態(tài)與整車線束相連,然后以實車裝配方向置于3.5%NaCl溶液(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),模擬常溫下的海水成分)中2 h。水深要足以淹沒測試對象。觀察2 h。
7.9.3要求:蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)無著火或爆炸等現(xiàn)象。
7.10外部火燒
7.10.1測試對象為蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)。
7.10.2測試中,盛放汽油的平盤尺寸超過測試對象水平尺寸20 cm,不超過50 cm。平盤高度不高于汽油表面8 cm。汽油液面與測試對象的距離設(shè)定為50 cm,或者為車輛空載狀態(tài)下測試對象底面的離地高度,或者由雙方商定。平盤底層注入水。
7.10.3在離被測設(shè)備至少3 m遠(yuǎn)的地方點燃汽油,經(jīng)過60 s的預(yù)熱后,將油盤置于被測設(shè)備下方。如果油盤尺寸太大,無法移動,可以采用移動被測樣品和支架的方式。
7.1 0.4測試對象直接暴露在火焰下70 s。
7.10.5將蓋板蓋在油盤上。測試對象在該狀態(tài)下測試60 s。或經(jīng)雙方協(xié)商同意,繼續(xù)直接暴露在火焰中60 s。
7.10.6將油盤移走,觀察2 h。
7.10.7要求:蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)無爆炸現(xiàn)象,若有火苗,應(yīng)在火源移開后2 min內(nèi)熄滅。
7.11 鹽霧
7.11.1測試對象為蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)。
7.11.2參照GB/T 2423.18嚴(yán)酷等級(5)進(jìn)行四個試驗循環(huán)。
7.11.3鹽溶液采用氯化鈉(化學(xué)純、分析純)和蒸餾水或去離子水配置,其濃度為(5±0.1)%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))。(20±2)℃下測量pH值在6.5~7.2之間。
7.11.4將測試對象放入鹽霧箱,在15℃~35℃下噴鹽霧2 h。噴霧結(jié)束后,將測試對象轉(zhuǎn)移到濕熱箱中貯存20 h~22 h,溫度為(40±2)℃,相對濕度為(93±3)%,組成一個循環(huán)。將這一循環(huán)再重復(fù)三次,然后在試驗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣條件[溫度為(23±2)℃,相對濕度為45%~55%]下貯存3 d,組成一個周期。重復(fù)進(jìn)行4個周期測試。
7.11.5要求:蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)無泄漏、外殼破裂、著火或爆炸現(xiàn)象。
7.12高海拔
7.12.1測試對象為蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)。
7.12.2測試環(huán)境:海拔高度為4 000 m或等同高度的氣壓條件,溫度為室溫。
7.12.3在7.12.2的測試環(huán)境下擱置5 h,對測試對象進(jìn)行1C(不超過400 A)恒流放電至放電截止條件。觀察2 h。
7.12.4要求:蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)無放電電流銳變、電壓異常、泄漏、外殼破裂、著火或爆炸等現(xiàn)象。試驗后的絕緣電阻值不小于100 Ω/V。
7.13過溫保護(hù)
7.13.1測試對象為蓄電池系統(tǒng)。
7.13.2測試中測試對象中所有控制系統(tǒng)處于工作狀態(tài)。
7.13.3測試溫度為測試對象最高工作溫度,以測試對象允許的最大持續(xù)充放電電流進(jìn)行充放電試驗,直至電池管理系統(tǒng)起作用,或達(dá)到以下條件時停止試驗:
a)超過最高工作溫度10℃;
b) 在1 h內(nèi)最高溫度變化值小于4℃;
c) 出現(xiàn)其他意外情況。
7.13.4要求:電池管理系統(tǒng)起作用,蓄電池系統(tǒng)無噴氣、外殼破裂、著火或爆炸等現(xiàn)象。試驗后的絕緣電阻值不小于100 Ω/V。
7.14短路保護(hù)
7.14.1 測試對象為蓄電池系統(tǒng)。
7.14.2測試中測試對象的所有控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)處于工作狀態(tài)。
7.14.3將測試對象的接線端短路10 min。
7.14.4短路電阻不大于20 mΩ,由雙方共同商定。觀察2 h。
7.14.5要求:保護(hù)裝置起作用,蓄電池系統(tǒng)無泄漏、外殼破裂、著火或爆炸等現(xiàn)象。試驗后的絕緣電阻值不小于100 Ω/V。
7.15過充電保護(hù)
7.15.1測試對象為蓄電池系統(tǒng)。
7.15.2測試中測試對象中所有控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)處于工作狀態(tài)。
7.15.3充電電流倍率為1C或者由雙方協(xié)商確定,充電至電池管理系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)起作用,或達(dá)到以下條件時停止試驗:
a)測試對象的最高電壓的1.2倍;
b) SOC=130%;
c) 超過廠家規(guī)定的最高溫度5℃;
d)出現(xiàn)其他意外情況。
試驗后,觀察2 h。
7.15.4要求:電池管理系統(tǒng)起作用,蓄電池系統(tǒng)無外殼破裂,著火或爆炸等現(xiàn)象。試驗后的絕緣電阻值不小于100 Ω/V。
7.16過放電保護(hù)
7.16.1 測試對象為蓄電池系統(tǒng)。
7.16.2測試中測試對象中所有控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)處于工作狀態(tài)。
7.16.3標(biāo)準(zhǔn)放電至放電截止條件,繼續(xù)以1C(不超過400 A)放電,直至電池管理系統(tǒng)起作用,或達(dá)到以下條件時停止試驗:
a) 總電壓低于額定電壓的25%;
b)過放電時間超過30 min:
c) 廠家規(guī)定的最高溫度5℃;
d) 出現(xiàn)其他意外情況。
試驗后,觀察2 h。
7.16.4要求:電池管理系統(tǒng)起作用,蓄電池系統(tǒng)無外殼破裂、著火或爆炸等現(xiàn)象。試驗后的絕緣電阻值不小于100 Ω/V。
附錄A
(資料性附錄)
蓄電池包和蓄電池系統(tǒng)的典型結(jié)構(gòu)
A.1蓄電池包
蓄電池包是能量存儲裝置,包括單體或模塊,通常還包括蓄電池電子部件、高壓電路、過流保護(hù)裝置及與其他外部系統(tǒng)的接口(如冷卻、高壓、輔助低壓和通訊等)。對于高于60 V d.c.的蓄電池包,宜包括手動切斷功能。所有部件應(yīng)該被安裝在常用防撞蓄電池箱內(nèi)。圖A.1是一個蓄電池包的典型結(jié)構(gòu)。
高壓電路電流接觸器、保險、配線
高壓連接
低壓連接
電池包
維修開關(guān)(可選)
單體/模塊集成單體、傳感器、熱管理裝置
總線
單體電子部件
電池箱
熱管理裝置和連接(可選)
圖A.1 蓄電池包典型結(jié)構(gòu)
A.2蓄電池系統(tǒng)
蓄電池系統(tǒng)是能量存儲裝置,包括單體或模塊或電池包,還包括電路和電控單元(如電池控制單元,電流接觸器)。對于高于60 V d.c.的蓄電池系統(tǒng),應(yīng)該包括手動切斷功能。蓄電池系統(tǒng)的典型結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種,分別是集成了電池控制單元的蓄電池系統(tǒng)和帶外置電池控制單元的蓄電池系統(tǒng),分別如圖A.2和圖A.3所示。
高壓電路電流接觸器、保險、配線
高壓連接
低壓連接
電池系統(tǒng)
維修開關(guān)(可選)
單體/模塊集成單體、傳感器、熱管理裝置
電池控制單元
總線
單體電子部件
電池箱
熱管理裝置和連接(可選)
圖A.2含集成蓄電池控制單元的蓄電池系統(tǒng)典型結(jié)構(gòu)
高壓電路電流接觸器、保險、配線
高壓連接
低壓連接
電池系統(tǒng)
維修開關(guān)(可選)
單體/模塊集成單體、傳感器、熱管理裝置
電池控制單元
總線
單體電子部件
電池箱
熱管理裝置和連接(可選)
圖A.3外置蓄電池控制單元的蓄電池系統(tǒng)典型結(jié)構(gòu)
附 錄B
(資料性附錄)
蓄電池包和蓄電池系統(tǒng)的測試項目
鋰離子動力蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)需要進(jìn)行的測試項目如表B.1所示。
表B.1 動力蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)需要進(jìn)行的測試項目
序號 測試項目 適用范圍 試驗方法章條號
1 振動試驗 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng) 7.1.1
蓄電池包或系統(tǒng)的電子裝置 7.1.2
2 機(jī)械沖擊 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng) 7.2
3 跌落 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng) 7.3
4 翻轉(zhuǎn) 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng) 7.4
5 模擬碰撞 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng) 7.5
6 擠壓 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng) 7.6
7 溫度沖擊 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng) 7.7
8 濕熱循環(huán) 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng) 7.8
9 海水浸泡 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng) 7.9
10 外部火燒 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng) 7.10
11 鹽霧 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng) 7.11
12 高海拔 蓄電池包或系統(tǒng) 7.12
13 過溫保護(hù) 蓄電池系統(tǒng) 7.13
14 短路保護(hù) 蓄電池系統(tǒng) 7.14
15 過充電保護(hù) 蓄電池系統(tǒng) 7.15
16 過放電保護(hù) 蓄電池系統(tǒng) 7.16