標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編號(hào):	GB/T 5099.1-2017
中文名稱:	鋼質(zhì)無縫氣瓶 第1部分：淬火后回火處理的抗拉強(qiáng)度小于1100MPa的鋼瓶
英文名稱:	Seamless steel gas cylinders―Part 1:Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strengthless than 1 100 MPa
中標(biāo)分類:	J74    壓力容器
行業(yè)分類:	GB    國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
ICS分類:	23.020.30 23.020.30    壓力容器、氣瓶 23.020.30
發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu):	中華人民共和國國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局 中國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)
發(fā)布日期:	2017-12-29
實(shí)施日期:	2019-1-1
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài):	valid
替代舊標(biāo)準(zhǔn):	GB 5099-1994 鋼質(zhì)無縫氣瓶 GB/T 5099-1994 鋼質(zhì)無縫氣瓶
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數(shù):	37000 字
翻譯價(jià)格(元):	2220.0
交付時(shí)間:	付款后 1 個(gè)工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. It is intended that GB/T 5099 Seamless Steel Gas Cylinders will comprise the following parts: ——Part 1: Quenched and Tempered Steel Cylinders with Tensile Strength less than 1,100Mpa; ——Part 2: Quenched and Tempered Steel Cylinders with Tensile Strength greater than or equal to 1,100Mpa; ——Part 3: Normalized Steel Cylinders; ——Part 4: Seamless Stainless Steel Gas Cylinders. This part is Part 1 of GB/T 5099. This part is developed according to the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces partial content of GB/T 5099-1994 Seamless Steel Gas Cylinders. The following changes have been made in the main content of this part with respect to GB/T 5099-1994: ——The application scope of standard is adjusted: The nominal working pressure is changed from the former 8MPa~30MPa to no larger than 30MPa; The nominal water capacity is changed from the former 0.4L~80L to 0.5L~150L; For the medium contained, use for gas mixture is added; Requirements for "steel cylinder unsuitable for fire extinguishing" are deleted. ——Specification range of steel cylinder is extended: Requirements for diameter classification are deleted; List of the media contained and requirements for pressure classification are deleted. ——Calculation formulae for wall thickness design are modified. ——Requirements for finite element calculation of cylinder base are deleted. ——The quantity of each batch is specified as "up to 200 steel cylinders plus steel cylinders for destructive test". ——Batch metallographic structure inspection of shell after heat treatment is modified to type test requirements. ——Requirements for base leak test over the steel cylinder made from seamless steel tube are added. ——For hydraulic test, volumetric expansion shall be tested with water jacket. ——Measured water capacity in embossed seal mark of steel cylinder is modified to nominal water capacity. ——Annex about the torque applied in fitting the valve to the cylinder is added. ——Annex about ultrasonic testing method and evaluation is added. ——Annex about magnetic particle testing method and evaluation is added. ——Annex about flattening test method is added. ——Annex about description and evaluation of defects on internal and external surfaces is added. This part is not equivalent to ISO 9809-1:2010 Gas Cylinders - Refillable Seamless Steel Gas Cylinders - Design, Construction and Testing - Part 1: Quenched and Tempered Steel Cylinders with Tensile Strength less than 1,100Mpa. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing authority of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Gas Cylinders of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 31). The previous editions of this standard are as follows: ——GB 5099-1985 and GB/T 5099-1994. Seamless Steel Gas Cylinders - Part 1: Quenched and Tempered Steel Cylinders with Tensile Strength less than 1,100Mpa 1 Scope This part of GB/T 5099 specifies types and parameters, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, coating, packaging, transportation and storage, and product certificate and batch inspection certificate of quality of quenched and tempered seamless steel gas cylinders with tensile strength less than 1,100Mpa (hereinafter referred to as "steel cylinders"). This part is applicable to design and manufacture of refillable steel cylinders with nominal working pressure no larger than 30MPa, nominal water capacity of 0.5L~150L, operating ambient temperature of -40℃~60℃, and being used for containing compressed gas, high pressure liquefied gas or gas mixture. This part is not applicable to the cylinders for vehicles and the ancillary bottle type pressure vessels on machinery equipment. Note: Seamless steel gas cylinders of nominal water capacity less than 0.5L may also be manufactured and inspected in compliance with this part. 2 Normative References The following documents for the application of this document are essential. Any dated reference, just dated edition applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 196 General Purpose Metric Screw Threads - Basic Dimensions (ISO 724) GB/T 197 General Purpose Metric Screw Threads - Tolerances (ISO 965-1) GB/T 222 Permissible Tolerances for Chemical Composition of Steel Products GB/T 223 (all parts) Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy GB/T 224 Determination of Depth of Decarburization of Steel (ISO 3887) GB/T 228.1 Metallic Materials - Tensile Testing - Part 1: Method of Test at Room Temperature (ISO 6892) GB/T 229 Metallic Materials - Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Method (ISO 148-1) GB/T 230.1 Metallic Rockwell Hardness Test - Part 1: Test Method (Scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (ISO 6508-1) GB/T 231.1 Metallic Materials - Brinell Hardness Test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1) GB/T 232 Metallic Materials - Bend Test (ISO 7438) GB/T 4336 Carbon and Low-alloy Steel - Determination of Multi-element Contents - Spark Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometric Method (Routine Method) GB/T 5777-2008 Seamless Steel Pipe and Tubing Methods for Ultrasonic Testing (ISO 9303:1989, MOD) GB/T 7144 Coloured Cylinder Mark for Gases GB/T 8335 Special Threads for Gas Cylinders GB/T 8336 Special Thread Gauges for Gas Cylinders GB/T 9251 Methods for Hydrostatic Test of Gas Cylinders GB/T 9252 Method for Pressure Cycling Test of Gas Cylinders GB/T 12137 Method for Leakage Test of Gas Cylinders GB/T 13005 Terminology of Gas Cylinders GB/T 13298 Inspection Methods of Microstructure for Metals GB/T 13320-2007 Metallographic Grading Atlas and Assessing Method for Steel Die Forgings GB/T 13447 Steel Blank for Seamless Gas Cylinder GB/T 15384 Designation for Gas Cylinders GB/T 15385 Method for Hydraulic Burst Test of Gas Cylinder GB/T 18248 Seamless Steel Tubes for Gas Cylinder JB/T 6065 Non-destructive Testing - Shims for Magnetic Particle Testing 3 Terms, Definitions and Symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 13005 and the following apply. 3.1.1 yield stress stress at the upper yield point when there is sharp yield phenomenon or at the moment reaching 0.2% of non-proportional expansibility when there is no sharp yield phenomenon during material tensile test 3.1.2 quenching a treatment process in which a cylindrical shell, which has been uniformly heated to a temperature above the upper critical point, Ac3, of the steel, is cooled rapidly in a suitable medium 3.1.3 tempering a treatment process which follows quenching, in which the cylindrical shell is uniformly heated to a temperature below the lower critical point, Ac1, of the steel, is insulated for a certain period and then cooled to room temperature 3.1.4 batch restricted quantity of steel cylinders subjected to continuous heat treatment with the same design, from the same furnace No. of steel and according to the same manufacturing method and heat treatment specification 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. A percentage elongation after fracture, % C circumferential tear length of the break on shell in burst test, mm D nominal outside diameter of the cylindrical shell, mm Df bend diameter in cold bend test, mm E length of artificial defect, mm F design stress factor (see 5.2.3) H outside height of the convex base of steel cylinder, mm L0 original gauge length of flat specimen, mm pb measured burst pressure, MPa ph hydraulic test pressure, MPa pw nominal working pressure, MPa py measured yield pressure, MPa Re minimum guaranteed value of yield stress after the shell material is heat-treated, MPa Rea measured yield stress, MPa Rg minimum guaranteed value of tensile strength after the shell material is heat-treated, MPa Rm measured tensile strength, MPa S design wall thickness of cylindrical shell, mm Sa measured average wall thickness of cylindrical shell, mm S0 original cross-sectional area of flat specimen, mm2 S1 design wall thickness at the center of cylinder base, mm S2 design wall thickness of concave base surface in contact with the ground, mm T depth of artificial defect, mm V nominal water capacity, L W width of artificial defect, mm a_kv impact value, J/cm2 a original thickness of arc flat specimen, mm b original width of flat specimen, mm h outside height of the concave base of steel cylinder, mm l length of cylindrical shell, mm r inside knuckle radius at the end and concave base of steel cylinder, mm 4 Types and Parameters 4.1 Types The cylindrical shell generally shall meet the types shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Structure Types 4.2 Parameters The nominal water capacity of steel cylinder and its permissible deviation shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 1. Table 1 Nominal Water Capacity of Steel Cylinder and Its Permissible Deviation Nominal water capacity/L Permissible deviation/% 0.5~2 +20 0 >2~12 +10 0 >12~150 +5 0 4.3 Model designation The method of model designation for steel cylinders shall be in accordance with those specified in GB/T 15384.

Foreword I 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terms, Definitions and Symbols 4 Types and Parameters 5 Technical Requirements 6 Test Methods 7 Inspection Rules 8 Marking, Coating, Packaging, Transportation and Storage 9 Product Certificate and Batch Inspection Certificate of Quality Annex A (Informative) Torque Applied in Fitting the Valve to the Cylinder Annex B (Normative) Ultrasonic Testing Annex C (Normative) Magnetic Particle Testing Annex D (Normative) Flattening Test Method Annex E (Informative) Description and Judgment of Defects on Internal and External Surfaces Annex F (Informative) Batch Inspection Certificate of Quality for Seamless Steel Gas Cylinder

鋼質(zhì)無縫氣瓶 第1部分：淬火后回火處理的抗拉強(qiáng)度 小于1 100MPa的鋼瓶 1 范圍 GB/T 5099的本部分規(guī)定了淬火后回火處理的抗拉強(qiáng)度小于1 100MPa的鋼質(zhì)無縫氣瓶（以下簡(jiǎn)稱鋼瓶）的型式和參數(shù)、技術(shù)要求、試驗(yàn)方法、檢驗(yàn)規(guī)則、標(biāo)志、涂敷、包裝、運(yùn)輸、儲(chǔ)存、產(chǎn)品合格證和批量檢驗(yàn)質(zhì)量證明書。 本部分適用于設(shè)計(jì)、制造公稱工作壓力不大于30MPa，公稱水容積為0.5L~150L，使用環(huán)境溫度為-40℃~60℃，用于盛裝壓縮氣體、高壓液化氣體或混合氣體的可重復(fù)充裝的鋼瓶。 本部分不適用于車用氣瓶和機(jī)器設(shè)備上附屬的瓶式壓力容器。 注：對(duì)于公稱水容積小于0.5L的鋼質(zhì)無縫氣瓶也可參照本部分進(jìn)行制造及檢驗(yàn)。 2 規(guī)范性引用文件 下列文件對(duì)于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本文件。 GB/T 196 普通螺紋 基本尺寸（ISO 724） GB/T 197 普通螺紋 公差（ISO 965-1） GB/T 222鋼的成品化學(xué)成分允許偏差 GB/T 223（所有部分） 鋼鐵及合金化學(xué)分析方法 GB/T 224 鋼的脫碳層深度測(cè)定法（ISO 3887） GB/T 228.1 金屬材料 拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn) 第1部分：室溫試驗(yàn)方法（ISO 6892） GB/T 229 金屬材料 夏比擺錘沖擊試驗(yàn)方法（ISO 148-1） GB/T 230.1 金屬洛氏硬度實(shí)驗(yàn) 第1部分：試驗(yàn)方法（A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、K、N、T標(biāo)尺）（ISO 6508-1） GB/T 231.1 金屬布氏硬度試驗(yàn) 第1部分：試驗(yàn)方法（ISO 6506-1） GB/T 232 金屬材料 彎曲試驗(yàn)方法（ISO 7438） GB/T 4336 碳素鋼和中低合金鋼 多元素含量的測(cè)定 火花放電原子發(fā)射光譜法（常規(guī)法） GB/T 5777-2008 無縫鋼管超聲波探傷檢驗(yàn)方法（ISO 6506-1） GB/T 7144 氣瓶顏色標(biāo)志 GB/T 8335氣瓶專用螺紋 GB/T 8336 氣瓶專用螺紋量規(guī) GB/T 9251 氣瓶水壓試驗(yàn)方法 GB/T 9252 氣瓶壓力循環(huán)試驗(yàn)方法 GB/T 12137 氣瓶氣密性試驗(yàn)方法 GB/T 13005 氣瓶術(shù)語 GB/T 13298 金屬顯微組織檢驗(yàn)方法 GB/T 13320—2007 鋼質(zhì)模鍛件 金相組織評(píng)級(jí)圖及評(píng)定方法 GB/T 13447 無縫氣瓶用鋼坯 GB/T 15384 氣瓶型號(hào)命名方法 GB/T 15385 氣瓶水壓爆破試驗(yàn)方法 GB/T 18248 氣瓶用無縫鋼管 JB/T 6065 無損檢測(cè) 磁粉檢測(cè)用試片 3 術(shù)語和定義、符號(hào) 3.1 術(shù)語和定義 GB/T 13005界定的以及下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。 3.1.1 屈服強(qiáng)度 yield stress 對(duì)材料拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)，呈明顯屈服現(xiàn)象時(shí)，取上屈服點(diǎn)；無明顯屈服現(xiàn)象的，取規(guī)定非比例延伸率為0.2%時(shí)的應(yīng)力。 3.1.2 淬火 quenching 把鋼瓶瓶體均勻加熱到鋼材上臨界點(diǎn)A_c3以上的溫度，然后放入適當(dāng)?shù)慕橘|(zhì)中快速冷卻。 3.1.3 回火 tempering 在淬火后，把鋼瓶瓶體均勻加熱到鋼材下臨界點(diǎn)A_c1以下的某一溫度，保溫一定時(shí)間，然后冷卻到室溫。 3.1.4 批 batch 采用同一設(shè)計(jì)、同一爐罐號(hào)鋼、同一制造方法、同一熱處理規(guī)范進(jìn)行連續(xù)熱處理的鋼瓶所限定的數(shù)量。 3.2 符號(hào) 下列符號(hào)適用于本文件。 A 斷后伸長(zhǎng)率，% C 瓶體爆破試驗(yàn)破口環(huán)向撕裂長(zhǎng)度，mm D 鋼瓶筒體公稱外徑，mm D_f 冷彎試驗(yàn)彎心直徑，mm E 人工缺陷長(zhǎng)度，mm F 設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)力系數(shù)（見5.2.3） H 鋼瓶凸形底部外高度，mm L_0 扁試樣的原始標(biāo)距，mm p_b 實(shí)測(cè)爆破壓力，MPa p_h 水壓試驗(yàn)壓力，MPa p_w 公稱工作壓力，MPa p_y 實(shí)測(cè)屈服壓力，MPa R_e 瓶體材料熱處理后的最小屈服強(qiáng)度保證值，MPa R_ea 屈服強(qiáng)度實(shí)測(cè)值，MPa R_g 瓶體材料熱處理后的最小抗拉強(qiáng)度保證值，MPa 〖 R〗_m 抗拉強(qiáng)度實(shí)測(cè)值，MPa S 鋼瓶筒體設(shè)計(jì)壁厚，mm S_a鋼瓶筒體實(shí)測(cè)平均壁厚，mm S_0 扁試樣的原始橫截面積，mm^2 S_1 鋼瓶底部中心設(shè)計(jì)壁厚，mm S_2 鋼瓶凹形底部接地點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)壁厚，mm T 人工缺陷深度，mm V 公稱水容積，l W 人工缺陷寬度，mm a_kv 沖擊值，J/cm^2 a 弧形扁試樣的原始厚度，mm b 扁試樣的原始寬度，mm h 鋼瓶凹形底部外高度，mm l 鋼瓶筒體長(zhǎng)度，mm r 鋼瓶端部及凹形底部?jī)?nèi)轉(zhuǎn)角處半徑，mm 4 型式和參數(shù) 4.1 型式 鋼瓶瓶體一般應(yīng)符合圖1所示的型式。 三心凹底 b) 熱裝底座 凸形低 d) H型底 e) 雙瓶口 圖1 結(jié)構(gòu)型式 4.2 參數(shù) 鋼瓶的公稱水容積及允許偏差應(yīng)符合表1的規(guī)定。 表1 鋼瓶的公稱水容積及允許偏差 公稱水容積/L 允許偏差/% 0.5~2 +20 0 ＞2~12 +10 0 ＞12~150 +5 0 4.3 型號(hào)標(biāo)記 鋼瓶的型號(hào)命名方法應(yīng)符合GB/T 15384的規(guī)定。 5 技術(shù)要求 5.1 瓶體材料 5.1.1 一般要求 5.1.1.1 應(yīng)采用電爐或吹氧轉(zhuǎn)爐冶煉的無時(shí)效性鎮(zhèn)靜鋼。 5.1.1.2 鋼瓶的瓶體材料應(yīng)選用優(yōu)質(zhì)碳錳鋼、鉻鉬鋼（如30CrMo、34CrMo4）或其他合金鋼。 5.1.1.3 鋼瓶的瓶體材料應(yīng)符合相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定，并有質(zhì)量合格證明書原件或加蓋材料供應(yīng)單位檢驗(yàn)公章和經(jīng)辦人章的復(fù)印件，鋼瓶制造單位應(yīng)按爐罐號(hào)對(duì)材料進(jìn)行化學(xué)成分驗(yàn)證分析。 5.1.1.4 鋼瓶瓶體材料的硫、磷含量的化學(xué)分析結(jié)果應(yīng)符合表2的規(guī)定。 表2 鋼瓶瓶體材料的最大硫、磷含量（質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)） 元素 R_m＜950 MPa 950 MPa≤R_m＜1 100 MPa S 0.020% 0.010% P 0.020% 0.020% S+P 0.030% 0.025% 5.1.1.5 鋼瓶瓶體材料的化學(xué)成分限電見表3，其允許偏差應(yīng)符合GB/T 222的規(guī)定。對(duì)于非有意加入的合金元素釩、鈮、鈦、硼、鋯的總含量不得超過0.15%。化學(xué)分析結(jié)果應(yīng)優(yōu)先符合表2所規(guī)定的限定值。 表3 鋼瓶瓶體材料化學(xué)成分（質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)） 元素 鋼種 碳錳鋼 30CrMo 34CrMo4 其他合金鋼 C ≤0.38% 0.26%~0.34% 0.30%~0.37% 0.25%~0.38% Si 0.10%~0.35% 0.17%~0.37% 0.15%~0.35% 0.10%~0.40% Mn 1.35%~1.75% 0.40%~0.70% 0.60%~0.90% 0.40%~1.00% Cr — 0.80%~1.10% 0.90%~1.20% 0.80%~1.20% Mo — 0.15%~0.25% 0.15%~0.30% 0.15%~0.40% 5.1.2 鋼坯 5.1.2.1 鋼坯的形狀尺寸和允許偏差應(yīng)符合GB/T 13447有關(guān)規(guī)定。 5.1.2.2 鋼的低倍組織不準(zhǔn)許有白點(diǎn)、殘余縮孔、分層、氣泡、異物和夾雜；中心疏松不大于1.5級(jí)，偏析不大于2.5級(jí)。 5.1.3 無縫鋼管 5.1.3.1 無縫鋼管的尺寸外形、內(nèi)外表面質(zhì)量和允許偏差應(yīng)符合GB/T 18248規(guī)定。 5.1.3.2 無縫鋼管應(yīng)由鋼廠按GB/T 5777—2008的規(guī)定逐根進(jìn)行縱向和橫向超聲波探傷檢驗(yàn)，應(yīng)符合該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)L2級(jí)的規(guī)定。 5.2 設(shè)計(jì) 5.2.1 一般要求 5.2.1.1 筒體的壁厚設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)取用材料熱處理后的最小屈服強(qiáng)度保證值R_c。 5.2.1.2 設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算所選用的最小屈服強(qiáng)度保證值R_e，不得大于最小抗拉強(qiáng)度保證值R_g的85%。 5.2.1.3 鋼瓶的水壓試驗(yàn)壓力p_h至少應(yīng)為公稱工作壓力的1.5倍。鋼瓶的許用壓力不得超過水壓試驗(yàn)壓力p_h的0.8倍。 5.2.2 材料抗拉強(qiáng)度 5.2.2.1 用于盛裝無氫脆危險(xiǎn)或無應(yīng)力腐蝕傾向介質(zhì)的鋼瓶，其瓶體材料采用鉻鉬鋼（如30CrMo、34CrMo4）或其他合金鋼時(shí)淬火后回火處理的最大抗拉強(qiáng)度應(yīng)小于1 100MPa，采用碳錳鋼時(shí)淬火后回火處理的最大抗拉強(qiáng)度應(yīng)小于1 030MPa。 5.2.2.2 用于盛裝具有氫脆危險(xiǎn)介質(zhì)的鋼瓶，其瓶體材料淬火后回火處理的最大抗拉強(qiáng)度應(yīng)小于880MPa；當(dāng)實(shí)測(cè)屈強(qiáng)比不大于0.9，且鋼瓶的公稱工作壓力不大于20MPa時(shí)，允許材料的實(shí)測(cè)抗拉強(qiáng)度提高到950MPa。 5.2.2.3 用于盛裝具有應(yīng)力腐蝕傾向介質(zhì)的鋼瓶，其瓶體材料淬火后回火處理的最大抗拉強(qiáng)度應(yīng)小于880MPa。 5.2.3 壁厚設(shè)計(jì) 筒體的設(shè)計(jì)壁厚S應(yīng)按式（1）計(jì)算后向上圓整至少保留一位小數(shù)，同時(shí)應(yīng)符合式（2）的要求，且不得小于1.5mm。 S=D/2{1-√(FRe?〖-√3 p_h 〗/FR_e }) ……………………（1） 式中，F(xiàn)取0.65/(R_c/R_g )和0.85兩者的較小值。 S≥D/250+1 ……………………（2） 5.2.4 端部設(shè)計(jì) 5.2.4.1 鋼瓶凸形端部結(jié)構(gòu)一般如圖2所示，其中a)、b)、d)、e)是底部形狀，c)和f)是肩部形狀。 b) c) d) e) f) 說明： 1——鋼瓶筒體。 圖2 凸形底部及肩部結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖 5.2.4.2 鋼瓶凸形端部與筒體連接部位應(yīng)圓滑過渡，其厚度不得小于筒體設(shè)計(jì)壁厚S，凸形端部?jī)?nèi)轉(zhuǎn)角半徑r應(yīng)不小于0.075D，凸形底部中心設(shè)計(jì)壁厚S_1應(yīng)符合下列要求： a) 當(dāng)0.2≤H/D＜0.4時(shí)，S_1≥1.5S； b) 當(dāng)H/D≥0.4時(shí)，S_1≥S。 5.2.4.3 當(dāng)鋼瓶設(shè)計(jì)采用凹形底部結(jié)構(gòu)（見圖3）時(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)尺寸應(yīng)符合下列要求： a) S_1≥2S； b) S_2≥2S; c) r≥0.075D d) h≥0.12D. 圖3 凹形底部結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖 5.2.4.4 鋼瓶凹形底部的環(huán)殼與筒體之間應(yīng)有過渡段，過渡段與筒體的連接應(yīng)圓滑過渡，其厚度不得小于筒體設(shè)計(jì)壁厚S。 5.2.4.5 凹形低鋼瓶直立時(shí)接地點(diǎn)外圓直徑應(yīng)不小于0.75D，以保證氣瓶直立時(shí)的穩(wěn)定性。 5.2.4.6 鋼瓶制造單位應(yīng)通過水壓爆破試驗(yàn)和壓力循環(huán)試驗(yàn)來驗(yàn)證端部設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。 5.2.5 瓶口設(shè)計(jì) 5.2.5.1 鋼瓶瓶口螺紋一般應(yīng)采用錐螺紋，錐螺紋應(yīng)符合GB/T 8335或相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定，有效螺紋扣數(shù)不少于8扣；12L及以下鋼瓶有效螺紋數(shù)不少于7扣。如果采用普通螺紋，普通螺紋尺寸及公差應(yīng)符合GB/T 196和GB/T 197或相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求，有效螺紋數(shù)在鋼瓶水壓試驗(yàn)壓力p_h下計(jì)算的剪切安全系數(shù)應(yīng)至少為10，且不少于6扣。 5.2.5.2 鋼瓶瓶口的厚度，應(yīng)保證有足夠的強(qiáng)度，以保證瓶口在承受上閥力矩和鉚合頸圈的附加外力時(shí)不產(chǎn)生塑性變形。 5.2.6 底圈設(shè)計(jì) 鋼瓶設(shè)計(jì)帶有底圈結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，應(yīng)保證底圈具有足夠的強(qiáng)度，且底圈材料應(yīng)與瓶體材料相容。底圈形狀應(yīng)為圓筒狀并能保證鋼瓶的穩(wěn)定性。底圈與瓶體的連接不得使用焊接方法，其結(jié)構(gòu)不得造成積水。 5.2.7 頸圈設(shè)計(jì) 鋼瓶設(shè)計(jì)帶有頸圈時(shí)，應(yīng)保證頸圈具有足夠的強(qiáng)度，且頸圈材料應(yīng)與瓶體材料相容。頸圈與瓶體的連接不得使用焊接方法。頸圈的軸向拉脫力應(yīng)不小于10倍的空瓶重且不小于1 000N，抗轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)扭矩應(yīng)不小于100N?m。 5.3 制造 5.3.1 一般要求 5.3.1.1 鋼瓶制造應(yīng)符合本部分和產(chǎn)品圖樣及相關(guān)技術(shù)文件的規(guī)定。 5.3.1.2 鋼瓶瓶體一般采用下列制造方法： a) 以鋼坯為原料，經(jīng)沖拔拉伸、收口制成，簡(jiǎn)稱沖拔瓶； b) 以無縫鋼管為原料，經(jīng)收底、收口制成，簡(jiǎn)稱管制瓶。 5.3.1.3 鋼瓶瓶體制造前應(yīng)按材料的爐罐號(hào)對(duì)化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行分析驗(yàn)證，分析方法按GB/T 223或GB/T 4336執(zhí)行，結(jié)果應(yīng)符合5.1要求。 5.3.1.4 鋼瓶不準(zhǔn)許作焊接處理。管制瓶底部?jī)?nèi)表面的裂紋、夾雜、未熔合等缺陷應(yīng)采用機(jī)械銑削等方法去除。 5.3.1.5 對(duì)瓶體的表面缺陷允許采用專用工具進(jìn)行修磨，修磨坡度不大于1:3. 5.3.2 組批 制造應(yīng)按批管理，每批數(shù)量不大于200只加上破壞性試驗(yàn)用瓶數(shù)。 5.3.3 熱處理 鋼瓶瓶體應(yīng)進(jìn)行整體熱處理，熱處理應(yīng)按經(jīng)評(píng)定合格的淬火后回火處理工藝進(jìn)行。可用油或水基淬火劑作為淬火介質(zhì)。用水基淬火劑作為淬火介質(zhì)時(shí)，瓶體在介質(zhì)中的冷卻速度應(yīng)不大于在20℃水中冷卻速度的80%。 5.3.4 無損檢測(cè) 鋼瓶瓶體熱處理后應(yīng)逐只進(jìn)行無損檢測(cè)。 5.3.5 水壓試驗(yàn) 鋼瓶瓶體應(yīng)逐只進(jìn)行水壓試驗(yàn)，水壓試驗(yàn)后應(yīng)進(jìn)行內(nèi)表面干燥處理，不得有殘留水漬。 5.3.6 瓶口螺紋 鋼瓶瓶口螺紋的牙型、尺寸和公差，應(yīng)符合GB/T 8335或相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定。 5.3.7 附件 5.3.7.1 根據(jù)充裝氣體性質(zhì)選配相應(yīng)的瓶閥，錐螺紋瓶閥、普通螺紋瓶閥裝配扭矩參見附錄A中表A.1、表A.2的要求控制。 5.3.7.2 鋼瓶一般應(yīng)配瓶帽或護(hù)罩出廠，瓶帽或護(hù)罩型式分固定式或可卸式，可用金屬或樹脂材料制成，并能夠抵抗外力的沖擊。 5.3.7.3 采用螺紋連接的附件，牙型、尺寸和公差應(yīng)符合GB/T 8335或相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定。 6 試驗(yàn)方法 6.1 壁厚和制造公差 6.1.1 瓶體厚度應(yīng)按附錄B進(jìn)行超聲波覆蓋壁厚測(cè)量。 6.1.2 瓶體制造公差用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)量具或?qū)Ｓ玫牧烤摺影暹M(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，檢驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目包括筒體的平均外徑、圓度、垂直度和直線度。 6.2 底部密封性試驗(yàn) 采用適當(dāng)?shù)脑囼?yàn)裝置對(duì)瓶體底部?jī)?nèi)表面中心區(qū)加壓，加壓面積應(yīng)至少為瓶體底部面積的1/16，且加壓區(qū)域直徑至少為20mm，試驗(yàn)介質(zhì)可為潔凈的空氣或氮?dú)狻＜訅旱矫芊庑栽囼?yàn)壓力后，保壓至少1min，保壓期間應(yīng)觀察瓶體底部中心區(qū)域是否泄漏。 6.3 內(nèi)、外表面 目測(cè)檢查，內(nèi)表面檢查應(yīng)有足夠的光照，可借助于內(nèi)窺鏡或適當(dāng)?shù)墓ぞ哌M(jìn)行檢查。 6.4 瓶口內(nèi)螺紋 目測(cè)和用量規(guī)檢查。錐螺紋按GB/T 8335和GB/T 8336或相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢查，普通螺紋按GB/T 196和GB/T 197或相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢查。 6.5 無損檢測(cè) 無損檢測(cè)應(yīng)采用在線自動(dòng)超聲檢測(cè)，但對(duì)于筒體長(zhǎng)度小于200 mm的鋼瓶，可采用在線自動(dòng)磁粉檢測(cè)。超聲檢測(cè)按附錄B執(zhí)行；磁粉檢測(cè)按附錄C執(zhí)行。 6.6 硬度檢測(cè) 硬度應(yīng)采用在線檢測(cè)，按GB/T 230.1或GB/T 231.1執(zhí)行。 6.7 水壓試驗(yàn) 水壓試驗(yàn)采用外側(cè)法進(jìn)行容積變形率測(cè)試，按GB/T 9251執(zhí)行。 6.8 氣密性試驗(yàn) 氣密性試驗(yàn)按GB/T 12137執(zhí)行。