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This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 8427-2008 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Color fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc fading lamp test. The following main changes have been made with respect to GB/T 8427-2008:
——the note in Clause 1 of the former standard is adjusted to the note in Clause 3 of this standard;
——for the normative references, GB/T 8426 is deleted; FZ/T 01024 is replaced by GB/T 32616, and GB/T 730, ISO 105-B01: 2014 and ISO 9370 are added;
——"For white (bleached or fluorescent brightened) textiles, the whiteness change of the test specimen is compared with the blue wool reference material to assess the color fastness" is deleted (see Clause 3 of Edition 2008);
——the clause of “Principle” is added (see Clause 4);
——“The blue wool reference materials 1 to 8 used in this test shall meet the quality requirements specified in GB/T 730” is added (see 5.1.2);
——the content of “humidity-test control fabric” is deleted (see 4.1.3 of Edition 2008);
——"the content of devices, not distinguishing air-cooled type and water-cooled type in detail" is adjusted (see 5.2; 4.2 of Edition 2008);
——the "irradiance allowance” is added (see 5.2.1.5);
——5.3 is deleted (see 5.3 of Edition 2008);
——the exposure conditions are adjusted (see Clause 7);
——the effective humidity adjustment procedures are detailed (see 8.2);
——the preliminary assessment on the test specimens is added (see 8.3.2.4);
——the method of replacing the original cover with the enlarged cover is added (see 8.3.2.7, 8.3.3.5, 8.3.3.6, 8.3.4.4 and 8.3.5.4);
——L9 corresponding to rating of color fastness to light of 8 is modified to L8 (see 8.3.2.9; 7.2.2.4 of Edition 2008);
——L4 corresponding to rating of color fastness to light of 6 is modified to L5 (see 8.3.3.6; 7.2.3.4 of Edition 2008);
——the test procedures of Method 3 are detailed and the blue wool reference materials are expanded to three types from the former two ones (see 8.3.4; 7.2.4 of Edition 2008);
——the assessment stage in Method 4 is modified from "grey scale grade 4 and (or) grade 3" to "grey scale grade 4 and grade 3" (see 8.3.5; 7.2.5 of Edition 2008);
——“based on the contrasts equal to grey scale grade 4 and grey scale grade 3 (5.2.9)" is modified (see 9.1; 8.1 of Edition 2008);
——"a rating of ‘less than 1’ (or ‘less than L2’) is given” is modified (see 9.3, 8.3 in 2008);
——the report of rating results of each stage is added [see Clauses 10 (c) and (d)];
——Annexes A, B and C of the former standard are deleted and updated as Annex C of this standard through consolidation;
——Annex D of the former standard is adjusted to Annex A of this standard;
——Annex E of the former standard is adjusted to be Annex B of this standard;
——Annex D is added;
——Annex E added.
This standard is modified in relation to ISO 105-B02: 2014 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Part B02: Color fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc fading lamp test.
The following structural changes have been made with respect to ISO 105-B02: 2014:
——the positions of the clause "Principle” and the clause "Terms and definitions" are exchanged;
——the clause numbers under 5.2.1.4 are deleted to avoid sub-clauses under untitled clause;
——the clause numbers under 5.2.1.5 are deleted to avoid suspension paragraphs and sub-clauses under untitled clause;
——"Annex D" is adjusted to "Annex A", "Annex C" to "Annex B", "Annex A" to "Annex C" and "Annex B" to "Annex D" in this standard.
Compared with ISO 105-B02: 2014, technical differences and their reasons are as follows:
——the adjustments of technical difference are made for the normative references in this standard so as to adapt to the technical conditions in China. The adjustment is mainly reflected in Clause 2 "Normative references" with the specific adjustments as follows:
? ISO 105-A02 is replaced by GB/T 250 which is identical to the international standard;
? ISO 105-B08 is replaced by GB/T 730 which is modified in relation to the international standard;
? ISO 105-A01 is replaced by GB/T 6151 which is modified in relation to the international standard;
? ISO 3696 is replaced by GB/T 6682 which is modified in relation to the international standard;
? ISO 105-B05 is replaced by GB/T 8431 which is equivalent to the international standard;
? ISO 105-A05 is replaced by GB/T 32616 which is modified in relation to the international standard;
? FZ/T 01047 is added for reference;
? The reference of CIE 51 is deleted;
——the footnote d is added to Table 2;
——"If the necessary contrast in 8.2.5 is not achieved" is modified to “If the necessary contrast in 8.2.6 is not achieved” in 8.2.7;
——in Items (c) and (d) of Clause 10, when the rating difference of each stage exceeds half a grade, the remark "grey card grade of blue wool reference material" is changed to the remark "specific stage" and the mean assessment result of color fastness to light is added in the report;
——the report of reference specimen in Item d) of Clause 10 is deleted, and the report of blue wool reference material in Item e) is deleted;
——the illustrations in Figures D.1 and D.2 are added.
The following editorial changes have been made in this standard:
——the standard name is changed to Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Color fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This standard was proposed by China National Textile and Apparel Council.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Textiles of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 209).
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
——GB/T 8427-1987, GB/T 8427-1998 and GB/T 8427-2008.
Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Color fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc
1 Scope
This standard specifies a method intended for determining the effect on the color of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to the action of an artificial light source representative of natural daylight (D65).
This standard is applicable to colored and also white (bleached or fluorescent brightened) textiles.
Note: this standard allows the use of two different sets of blue wool reference materials. The results obtained may not be identical.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 250 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Grey scale for assessing change in color (GB/T 250-2008, ISO 105-A02: 1993, IDT)
GB/T 730 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Quality control of blue wool reference materials 1to 7 (GB/T 730-2008, ISO 105-B08: 1995, MOD)
GB/T 6151 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - General principle of testing (GB/T 6151-2016, ISO 105-A01: 2010, MOD)
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (GB/T 6682-2008, ISO 3696: 1987, MOD)
GB/T 8431 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Detection and assessment of photochromism (GB/T 8431-1998, eqv ISO 105-B05: 1994)
GB/T 32616 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Instrumental assessment of change in color for determination of grey scale rating (GB/T 32616-2016, ISO 105-A05: 1995, MOD)
FZ/T 01047 Standard light sources and conditions for visual assessment of textile color fastness
ISO 105-B01: 2014 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Part B01: Color fastness to light: Daylight
ISO 9370 Plastics - Instrumental determination of radiant exposure in weathering tests - General guidance and basic test method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
test specimen
portions of the textile samples to be tested and which are representative
Note: this is used for comparison between the exposed and the original (unexposed) state.
3.2
reference specimen
portion of a reference material that is to be exposed simultaneously with the test specimen
Note: multiple reference specimens may be required to determine the test results.
3.3
blue wool reference material
one of a series of blue wool textile materials with a known reaction to light
3.4
test chamber
area within the device capable of meeting and maintaining the requirements for temperature, light and humidity
3.5
chamber relative humidity
ratio of the actual water vapor pressure in the test chamber to the saturation water vapor pressure at the same temperature
Note: the chamber relative humidity is expressed as a percentage.
3.6
effective humidity
combination of air and surface temperatures and air relative humidity which governs the moisture content at the surface of the test specimen during exposure
3.7
humidity-test control fabric
a red azoic dyed cotton fabric of known sensitivity to humidity and light
Note: this red azoic dyed fabric is used as a reference material to ensure that the effective humidity requirements are met.
3.8
photochromism
change in color of a test specimen after brief exposure to light, which is substantially returned to its original color after storage in the dark
3.9
flip-flop mode
mode of operation whereby the test specimen holders revolve around the central light source and on alternate rotations the test specimen holders are automatically rotated 180° about their vertical axis so that the test specimens face towards the light source only every alternate revolution
4 Principle
A test specimen of the textile is exposed to artificial light under controlled conditions, together with a set of blue wool reference materials. The color fastness is assessed by comparing the change in color of the test specimen with that of the blue wool reference materials used.
Note: Annex A gives a brief description of color fastness to light.
5 Materials and devices
5.1 Reference materials
5.1.1 General
Either of two sets of blue wool reference materials may be used. The rating of color fastness to light is obtained by comparison with either blue wool reference materials 1 to 8 (preferred in Europe) or blue wool reference materials L2 to L9 (preferred in America). The results from different references are not interchangeable. Information on the relationship between the two sets of blue wool reference materials may be found in 4.1, ISO 105-B01: 2014.
5.1.2 Blue wool reference materials 1 to 8
Blue wool reference materials developed and produced in Europe are identified by the numerical designation 1 to 8. These reference materials are blue wool materials dyed with the dyes listed in Table 1. They range from 1 (very low color fastness to light) to 8 (very high color fastness to light) so that each higher-numbered reference material is approximately twice as fast as the preceding one.
The blue wool reference materials 1 to 8 used in this test shall meet the quality requirements specified in GB/T 730.
Table 1 Dyes for blue wool reference materials 1 to 8
Number of blue wool reference material Dye (color index designation) a
1 CI Acid Blue 104
2 CI Acid Blue 109
3 CI Acid Blue 83
4 CI Acid Blue 121
5 CI Acid Blue 47
6 CI Acid Blue 23
7 CI Solubilised Vat Blue 5
8 CI Solubilised Vat Blue 8
a The Color Index (fourth edition) is jointly published by the Society of Dyers and Colorists (SDC), P.O. Box 244, Perkin House, 82 Grattan Road, Bradford BD1 2JB, West Yorkshire, UK, and by the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215, USA.
5.1.3 Blue wool reference materials L2 to L9
Blue wool reference materials developed and produced in America are identified by the letter L followed by the numerical designation 2 to 9. These eight reference materials are prepared by blending varying proportions of wool dyed with CI Mordant Blue 1 (Color Index, fourth edition, 43830) and wool dyed with CI Solubilised Vat Blue 8 (Color Index, fourth edition, 73801), so that each higher-numbered reference material is approximately twice as fast as the preceding reference.
Data in Annex B are presented to illustrate the relationship of each of the blue wool reference material on exposure to fixed amounts of radiant energy.
5.1.4 Humidity-test control fabric
The effective humidity can only be measured by determining the color fastness to light of a specific humidity-test control fabric (see 3.7).
5.2 Devices
5.2.1 Light source
5.2.1.1 The exposure device shall provide for placement of test specimens and any designated sensors in positions that allow uniform irradiance from the light source.
The spectral irradiance produced in an artificial accelerated light and weathering device is very important. Ideally, the relative spectral irradiance produced by the device should be a very close match to that of solar radiation, especially in the short wavelength UV region. Annex C provides information about important benchmark solar spectra that may be used for comparing the spectral irradiance produced in the artificial accelerated exposure to that for solar radiation.
5.2.1.2 Exposure devices shall be designed such that the variation in irradiance at any position in the area used for test specimen exposure shall not exceed ±10% of the mean. Procedures for measuring irradiance uniformity are found in Annex D.
Note: the irradiance uniformity in exposure devices depends on several factors. The configuration of the xenon arc lamp with respect to the test specimens on exposure (including the differences in distance between the xenon arc lamp(s) and the test specimens) can affect uniformity of exposure. Deposits which can develop on the optical system and chamber walls, and the type and number of test specimens being exposed, can also have an effect on uniformity of exposure.
5.2.1.3 Periodic repositioning of the test specimens in the test chamber is recommended to ensure the most consistent results.
5.2.1.4 Follow the device manufacturer’s instructions for lamp and optical filter replacement.
Direct radiation from xenon arc lamps contains considerable amounts of short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation not present in daylight. Optical filters shall be fitted to minimize short-wavelength light (less than 310nm) in accordance with the requirements in Annex C. The xenon arc, when appropriately filtered, produces radiation with a spectral power distribution that is a good simulation of mean daylight throughout the UV and visible region.
Infrared radiation levels may be attenuated by use of heat filters to allow some control of the test specimen temperature.
5.2.1.5 It is preferred that the exposure device should be fitted with an irradiance sensing system. The irradiance sensor (if fitted) shall be mounted so that it receives the same radiation as the test specimen surface. If it is not positioned in the test specimen plane, it shall be calibrated for irradiance at the test specimen distance.
The irradiance sensor (if fitted) shall be capable of measuring irradiance preferably in a specific wavelength range (e.g. 300~400nm), or in a narrow bandpass centered around a single wavelength (e.g. 420nm) and shall be calibrated at the wavelength range or single wavelength, as appropriate. The measured wavelength or wavelength range shall be reported in the test report.
Where irradiance control is available, the irradiance shall be controlled at (42±2)W/m2 in the wavelength range 300~400nm or (1.10±0.02)W/(m2·nm) at the wavelength 420nm.
The irradiance sensor (if fitted) shall be calibrated in the emission region of the light source used. Calibration shall be carried out in accordance with the radiation-measuring and device manufacturer’s instructions with compliance to ISO 9370.
5.2.1.6 The light source shall consist of a xenon arc lamp of correlated color temperature 5,500 K~6,500 K, the dimension of which will depend on the type of device used.
5.2.1.7 The device shall be fitted with an optical filter placed between the light source and the test specimens so that the ultraviolet spectrum is steadily reduced. Annex C provides the transmission requirements for the optical filter system used.
5.2.1.8 The device shall be fitted with a heat filter placed between the light source and the test specimens so that the amount of infrared (IR) radiation contained in the xenon arc spectrum is steadily reduced.
5.2.2 Temperature (see C.3)
A black-standard thermometer or a black-panel thermometer (see C.3 for more detail) shall be used, and the thermometer shall be mounted in the same plane and direction as the test specimen(s).
Note: a black standard thermometer (BST) should be used.
5.2.3 Humidity
The presence of moisture can have a significant effect in accelerated laboratory exposure tests. The device shall have the means for providing and controlling humidity of test specimens by humidification of the chamber air. The quality of the water used to create the effective humidity shall be a minimum of Grade 3 in accordance with GB/T 6682.
5.2.4 Covers
Covers shall be made from thin opaque material, for example high-grade steel, thin sheet aluminium or cardboard covered with aluminium foil, for partial covering of test specimens and blue wool reference materials. The opaque material shall neither react with the test specimens nor the test conditions and shall not itself produce any change in color of either the test specimen or the reference materials.
5.2.5 Light source for assessment
It shall be in accordance with FZ/T 01047.
5.2.6 Assessment cabinet
It shall be in accordance with GB/T 6151.
5.2.7 Sample mounting card
It shall be free of fluorescent brightening agent.
5.2.8 Assessment mask
It shall be in accordance with GB/T 6151. In order to obtain reliable test results, the test specimen(s) shall be masked with a material that is identical in color to the material that is used to mask the grey scale (5.2.9).
5.2.9 Grey scale for assessing change in color
It shall be in accordance with GB/T 250.
6 Preparation of test specimens
6.1 The dimension of the test specimen will depend on the number of test specimens and on the shape and dimensions of the test specimen holders supplied with the device. Attention is drawn to the guidelines given in E.4.
6.2 The test specimen may be a strip of cloth, yarn wound close together on a sample mounting card (5.2.7) or laid parallel and fastened on a card, or a mat of fibers combed and compressed to give a uniform surface and fastened on a sample mounting card. Each exposed and unexposed area shall be not less than 10mm×8mm.
6.3 To facilitate handling, the test specimen(s) and similar strips of the blue wool reference materials may be mounted on one or more sample mounting cards as indicated in Figures 2, 3, 4 or 5.
6.4 The covers (5.2.4) shall make close contact with the surface of the unexposed areas of the test specimens and the blue wool reference materials, in order to give a sharp line of demarcation between exposed and unexposed areas, but shall not compress the test specimen unnecessarily.
6.5 The test specimens and the blue wool reference materials shall be of equal dimension and shape in order to avoid errors in assessment due to overrating the visual contrast between exposed and unexposed portions on a larger pattern as against a narrower blue wool reference material.
6.6 When testing specimens of appreciable thickness, the blue wool reference materials shall be arranged (e.g., lined with a hard card under them) so that they are the same distance from the light source as the upper surface of the test specimens. Covers for the unexposed portions shall avoid surface compression.
Textiles of appreciable thickness which have textured structure which may make evaluation of small areas difficult, shall be tested with an exposed area not less than 50mm×40mm and preferably larger.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Materials and devices
5.1 Reference materials
5.2 Devices
6 Preparation of test specimens
7 Exposure conditions
8 Procedure
8.1 Device set-up
8.2 Adjustment of effective humidity (see Clause 7 and Annex E)
8.3 Exposure methods
9 Assessment of color fastness
10 Test report
Annex A (Informative) General information on color fastness to light
Annex B (Informative) Light exposure equivalents for blue wool reference materials L2 to L
Annex C (Normative) Requirements for xenon arc exposure devices
Annex D (Normative) Procedures for measuring the irradiance uniformity in the test specimen exposure area (for device manufacturers only)
Annex E (Informative) Guidelines for conducting test
Bibliography
