標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編號(hào):	GB/T 755-2019
中文名稱:	旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) 定額和性能
英文名稱:	Rotating electrical machines—Rating and performance
中標(biāo)分類:	K20    旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)綜合
行業(yè)分類:	GB    國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
ICS分類:	29.160.01 29.160.01    旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)綜合 29.160.01
發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu):	中華人民共和國國家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局 中國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)
發(fā)布日期:	2019-12-10
實(shí)施日期:	2020-7-1
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài):	valid
替代舊標(biāo)準(zhǔn):	GB/T 755-2008 GB 755-2008 旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) 定額和性能
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數(shù):	40000 字
翻譯價(jià)格(元):	1400.0
交付時(shí)間:	付款后 1 個(gè)工作日

This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB/T 755-2008 Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance. In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 755-2008: ——the thermal equilibrium condition is modified as: the temperature rises of the heating parts of the machine do not vary by more than a gradient of 1K per half hour (see 3.25, 3.25 in 2008 version); ——the term "runaway speed" is added (see 3.33); ——the requirements on water coolant temperature are added (see 6.5, 6.5 of 2008 edition); ——the stipulation that the variable frequency motor shall meet the requirements of IVIC is added, and the bus transfer and fast reclosing requirements are added (see 7.1); ——Table 3 “CCC symbol designation” is added (see Table 3 of 7.2.4); ——Item 5 of Table 4 in 7.3 is modified: synchronous generator driven by steam turbines or combustion gas turbines with rated output ≥10 MVA (see Table 4, Table 3 in 2008 edition); ——provisions on the impulse voltage insulation class, in the case of machines designed to operate without partial discharges are added (see 7.5); ——a new insulation class 200(N) is added and some temperature rise limits in Table 8 are modified (see Table 8, Table 7 in 2008 edition); ——the calculation formula of Item 1b in Table 10 is modified (see Table 10, Table 9 in 2008 edition); ——marking of IC codes, IVIC for variable frequency motors, IE codes for energy efficiency grade is added (see 10.2); ——Items 1 and 2 for tolerances are added (see 12.2; 12.2 in 2008 edition); ——EMC requirements for excitation synchronous machines without brushes are added (see 13.1). This standard, by means of translation, is identical to IEC 60034-1:2017 Rotating electrical machines – Part 1: Rating and performance The Chinese documents consistent and corresponding with the normative international documents in this standard are as follows: ——GB/T 156-2017 Standard voltages (IEC 60038: 2009, MOD); ——GB/T 1971-2006 Rotating electrical machines - Terminal markings and direction of rotation (IEC 60034-8:2002, IDT); ——GB/T 1993-1993 Cooling methods for rotating electrical machines (eqv IEC 60034-6: 1991); ——GB/T 4026-2010 Basic and safety rules for logo identification of man-machine interface equipment terminals and conductor terminals (IEC 60445:2006, IDT); ——GB 4343.1-2018 Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus-Part 1: Emission (CISPR 14-1: 2011, IDT); ——GB 4706.1-2005 Household and similar electrical appliances-Safety-Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60335-1:2004, IDT); ——GB/T 4772.1-1999 Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines -Part 1: Frame numbers 56 to 400 and flange numbers 55 to 1080 (IEC 60072-1:1991, IDT); ——GB/T 4772.2-1999 Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines -Part 2: Frame numbers 355 to 1000 and flange numbers 1 180 to 2360 (IEC 60072-2: 1990, IDT); ——GB/T 4772.3-1999 Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines-Part 3: Small built-in motors- Flange numbers BF10 to BF50 (IEC 60072-3: 1994, IDT); ——GB 4824-2013 Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment-Disturbance characteristics-Limits and methods of measurement (IEC/CISPR 11: 2010, IDT); ——GB/T 4942.1-2006 Degrees of protection provided by the integral design of rotating electrical machines (IP code) - Classification (IEC 60034-5: 2000, IDT); ——GB 5226.1-2008 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1: 2005, IDT); ——GB/T 6113.101-2016 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus (CISPR 16-1-1: 2010, IDT); ——GB/T 11021-2014 Electrical insulation-Thermal evaluation and designation (IEC 60085:2007, IDT); ——GB/T 17948 (All Parts) Rotating electrical machines - Functional evaluation of insulation systems [IEC 60034-18 (All Parts)]; ——GB/T 22715-2016 Impulse voltage withstand levels of form-wound stator coils for rotating a.c. machines (IEC 60034-15:2009, IDT); ——GB/T 25442-2018 Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency of rotation electrical machines from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) (IEC 60034-2-1: 2014, IDT); ——GB/T 32877-2016 Specific test method for determining loss and efficiency of inverter-fed AC induction motors (IEC/TS 60034-2-3:2013, IDT). The following editorial changes have been made in this standard: ——the standard name is changed to Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance; ——the clerical errors in the original document are corrected. This standard was proposed by China Electrical Equipment Industrial Association. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Electric Rotating Machinery of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 26). The previous editions of standard replaced by this standard are as follows: ——GB 755-1987, GB 755-2000, GB/T 755-2008. Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance 1 Scope This standard is applicable to all rotating electrical machines except those covered by other IEC standards, for example, IEC 60349. Machines within the scope of this standard may also be subject to superseding, modifying or additional requirements in other standards, for example, IEC 60079 and IEC 60092. Note: If particular clauses of this document are modified to meet special applications, for example machines subject to radioactivity or machines for aerospace, all other clauses apply insofar as they are compatible. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 2900.25-2008 Electrotechnical terminology - Rotating electrical machines (IEC 60050-411: 1996, IDT) GB/T 21210-2016 Starting performance of single-speed three-phase cage induction motors (IEC 60034-12: 2016, IDT) IEC 60027-1 Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology—Part 1: General IEC 60027-4 Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology—Part 4: Rotating electric machines) IEC 60034-2 (all parts) Rotating electrical machines—Part 2: Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)] IEC 60034-3 Rotating electrical machines—Part 3: Specific requirements for synchronous generators driven by steam turbines or combustion gas turbines IEC 60034-5 Rotating electrical machines—Part 5: Degrees of protection provided by the integral design of rotating electrical machines (IP code)—Classification IEC 60034-6 Rotating electrical machines—Part 6: Methods of cooling(IC code)] IEC 60034-8 Rotating electrical machines—Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of Rotation) IEC 60034-15 Rotating electrical machines—Part 15: Impulse voltage withstand levels of form-wound stator coils for rotating a.c. machines) IEC 60034-18 (all parts) Rotating electrical machines—Part 18: Functional evaluation of insulation systems IEC 60034-18-41 Rotating electrical machines—Part 18-41: Partial discharge free electrical insulation systems (Type I) used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage converters—Qualification and quality control tests IEC TS 60034-25 Rotating electrical machines—Part 25: AC electrical machines used in power drive systems—Application guide IEC 60034-29 Rotating electrical machines—Part 29: Equivalent loading and superposition techniques—Indirect testing to determine temperature rise IEC 60034-30 (all parts) Rotating electrical machines—Part 30: Efficiency classes of A.C. motors(IE-code) IEC 60038 IEC standard voltages IEC 60060-1 High-voltage test techniques—Part 1: General definitions and test requirements) IEC 60072 (all parts) Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines IEC 60085 Electrical insulation—Thermal evaluation and designation IEC 60204-1 Safety of machinery—Electrical equipment of machines—Part 1: General requirements) IEC 60204-11 Safety of machinery—Electrical equipment of machines—Part 11: Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. and not exceeding 36 kV) IEC 60335-1: 2010 Household and similar electrical appliances—Safety—Part 1: General requirements) IEC 60445 Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification—Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminations and conductors) IEC 60664-1 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems—Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests) IEC 61148 Terminal markings for valve de-vice stacks and assemblies and for power conversion equipment) IEC 61293 Marking of electrical equipment with ratings related to electrical supply—Safety Requirements) CISPR 11 Industrial, scientific and medical equipment—Radiofrequency disturbance characteristics—Limits and methods of measurement) CISPR 14 (all parts) Electromagnetic compatibility—Requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus CISPR 16 (all parts) Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.25- 2008 and the following apply. Note 1: For definitions concerning cooling and coolants, other than those in 3.17 to 3.22, see IEC 60034-6. Note 2: For the purposes of this document, the term ‘a(chǎn)greement’ means ‘a(chǎn)greement between the manufacturer and purchaser’. 3.1 rated value quantity value assigned, generally by a manufacturer, for a specified operating condition of a machine Note: The rated voltage or voltage range is the rated voltage or voltage range between lines at the terminals. [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-51-23] 3.2 rating set of rated values and operating conditions [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-51-24] 3.3 rated output value of the output included in the rating 3.4 load all the values of the, in case of a generator, electrical and, in case of a motor, mechanical quantities that signify the demand made on a rotating machine by an electrical circuit or a mechanism at a given instant Note: GB/T 2900.25-2008, modified, definition 411-51-01. 3.5 no-load (operation) state of a machine rotating with zero output power (but under otherwise normal operating conditions) Note: GB/T 2900.25-2008, modified, definition 411-51-02. 3.6 full load load which causes a machine to operate at its rating [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-51-10] 3.7 full load value quantity value for a machine operating at full load Note: This concept applies to power, torque, current, speed, etc. [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-51-11] 3.8 de-energized and rest complete absence of all movement and of all electrical supply or mechanical drive [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-51-03] 3.9 duty statement of the load(s) to which the machine is subjected, including, if applicable, starting, electric braking, no-load and rest and de-energized periods, and including their durations and sequence in time [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-51-06] 3.10 duty type continuous, short-time or periodic duty, comprising one or more loads remaining constant for the duration specified, or a non-periodic duty in which generally load and speed vary within the permissible operating range [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-51-13] 3.11 cyclic duration factor ratio between the period of loading, including starting and electric braking, and the duration of the duty cycle, expressed as a percentage [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-51-09] 3.12 locked rotor torque greatest steady-state r.m.s. current taken from the line with the motor held at rest, over all angular positions of its rotor, at rated voltage and frequency [GB/T 2900.25-2008, Definition 411-48-06] 3.13 locked rotor current greatest steady-state r.m.s. current taken from the line with the motor held at rest, over all angular positions of its rotor, at rated voltage and frequency [GB/T 2900.25-2008, Definition 411-48-16] 3.14 pull-up torque(of an a.c. motor) smallest steady-state asynchronous torque which the motor develops between zero speed and the speed which corresponds to the breakdown torque, when the motor is supplied at the rated voltage and frequency Note 1: this definition does not apply to those asynchronous motors of which the torque continually decreases with increase in speed. Note 2: in addition to the steady-state asynchronous torques, harmonic synchronous torques, which are a function of rotor load angle, will be present at specific speeds. At such speeds, the accelerating torque may be negative for some rotor load angles. Experience and calculation show this to be an unstable operating condition and therefore harmonic synchronous torques do not prevent motor acceleration and are excluded from this definition. 3.15 breakdown torque(of an a.c. motor) maximum steady-state asynchronous torque which the motor develops without an abrupt drop in speed, when the motor is supplied at the rated voltage and frequency Note: this definition does not apply to motors with torques that continually decrease with increase in speed. 3.16 pull-out torque(of a synchronous motor) maximum torque which the synchronous motor develops at synchronous speed with rated voltage, frequency and field current 3.17 cooling procedure by means of which heat resulting from losses occurring in a machine is given up to a primary coolant, which may be continuously replaced or may itself be cooled by a secondary coolant in a heat exchanger [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-44-01] 3.18 coolant medium, liquid or gas, by means of which heat is transferred [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-44-02] 3.19 primary coolant medium, liquid or gas, which, being at a lower temperature than a part of a machine and in contact with it, removes heat from that part [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-44-03] 3.20 secondary coolant medium, liquid or gas, which, being at a lower temperature than the primary coolant, removes the heat given up by this primary coolant by means of a heat exchanger or through the external surface of the machine [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-44-04] 3.21 direct cooled (inner cooled) winding winding mainly cooled by coolant flowing in direct contact with the cooled part through hollow conductors, tubes, ducts or channels which, regardless of their orientation, form an integral part of the winding inside the main insulation Note: in all cases when ‘indirect’ or ‘direct’ is not stated, an indirect cooled winding is implied. [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-44-08] 3.22 indirect cooled winding any winding other than a direct cooled winding Note: in all cases when ‘indirect’ or ‘direct’ is not stated, an indirect cooled winding is implied. [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-44-09] 3.23 supplementary insulation independent insulation applied in addition to the main insulation in order to ensure protection against electric shock in the event of failure of the main insulation 3.24 moment of inertia sum (integral) of the products of the mass elements of a body and the squares of their distances (radii) from a given axis 3.25 thermal equilibrium state reached when the temperature rises of the heating parts of the machine do not vary by more than a gradient of 1K per half hour Note 1: thermal equilibrium may be determined from the time-temperature rise plot when the straight lines between points at the beginning and end of two successive intervals of half hour each have a gradient of 1K or less per half hour or 2K or less per hour. Note 2: GB/T 2900.25-2008, modified, definition 411-51-08. 3.26 thermal equivalent time constant time constant, replacing several individual time constants, which determines approximately the temperature course in a winding after a step-wise current change 3.27 encapsulated winding winding which is completely enclosed or sealed by moulded insulation [GB/T 2900.25-2008, definition 411-39-06] 3.28 rated form factor of direct current supplied to a d.c. motor armature from a static power converter ratio of the r.m.s. maximum permissible value of the current Irms,max N to its average value IavN (mean value integrated over one period) at rated conditions: (1) 3.29 current ripple factor ratio of the difference between the maximum value Imax and the minimum value Imin of an undulating current to two times the average value Iav (mean value integrated over one period): (2) Note 1: for small values of current ripple, the ripple factor may be approximated by the following expression: (3) Note 2: the above expression may be used as an approximation if the resulting calculated value of qi is equal to or less than 0.4. 3.30 tolerance permitted deviation between the declared value of a quantity and the measured value 3.31 type test test of one or more machines made to a certain design to show that the design meets certain specifications Note: the type test may also be considered valid if it is made on a machine which has minor deviations of rating or other characteristics. These deviations should be subject to agreement. [GB/T 2900.25-2008, Definition 411-53-01]

Foreword I 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Duty 5 Rating 6 Site conditions 7 Electrical operating conditions 8 Thermal performance and tests 9 Other performance and tests 10 Rating plates 11 Miscellaneous requirements 12 Tolerances 13 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) 14 Safety Annex A (Informative) Guidance for the application of duty type S10 and for establishing the value of relative thermal life expectancy TL Annex B (Informative) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) limits Bibliography

旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) 定額和性能 1 范圍 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于所有的旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)，但其他國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和IEC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所規(guī)定的電機(jī)除外，例如，IEC 60349。 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍內(nèi)的電機(jī)也可符合經(jīng)取代、修改或補(bǔ)充的其他國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和IEC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求，例如IEC 60079和IEC 60092。 注：如為了適用于特殊用途例如耐輻射電機(jī)或宇航電機(jī)而要對(duì)本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的某些條文進(jìn)行修改，則所有其他條文在其能適用時(shí)仍然有效。 2規(guī)范性引用文件 下列文件對(duì)于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB/T 2900.25—2008 電工術(shù)語 旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)(IEC 60050-411：1996，IDT) GB/T 21210—2016 單速三相籠型感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的起動(dòng)性能(IEC 60034-12：2016，IDT) IEC 60027-1 電工技術(shù)應(yīng)用的字母符號(hào) 第1部分：總則(Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology—Part 1：General) IEC 60027-4電工技術(shù)應(yīng)用的字母符號(hào) 第4部分：旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)(Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology—Part 4：Rotating electric machines) IEC 60034-2(所有部分)旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) 第2部分：旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)(牽引電機(jī)除外)確定損耗和效率的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)方法[Rotating electrical machines—Part 2：Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests(excluding machines for traction vehicles)] IEC 60034-3旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) 第3部分：汽輪機(jī)或燃汽輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的同步發(fā)電機(jī)的特殊要求(Rotating electrical machines—Part 3：Specific requirements for synchronous generators driven by steam turbines or combustion gas turbines) IEC 60034-5旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) 第5部分：旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu)的防護(hù)等級(jí)(IP代碼)分級(jí)[Rotating electrical machines—Part 5：Degrees of protection provided by the integral design of rotating electrical machines(IP code)—Classification] IEC 60034-6旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) 第6部分：冷卻方法(IC代碼)[Rotating electrical machines—Part 6：Methods of cooling(IC code)] IEC 60034-8旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) 第8部分：線端標(biāo)志與旋轉(zhuǎn)方向(Rotating electrical machines—Part 8：Terminal markings and direction of Rotation) IEC 60034-15 旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) 第15部分：交流電機(jī)定子成型線圈耐沖擊電壓水平(Rotating electrical machines—Part 15：Impulse voltage withstand levels of form-wound stator coils for rotating a.c. machines) IEC 60034-18(所有部分)旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) 第18部分：絕緣結(jié)構(gòu)功能性評(píng)定(Rotating electrical machines—Part 18：Functional evaluation of insulation systems) IEC 60034-18-41旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) 第18-41部分：電壓源變頻器供電旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)用I型電氣絕緣結(jié)構(gòu)的鑒別和型式試驗(yàn)[Rotating electrical machines—Part 18-41：Partial discharge free electrical insulation systems(Type I)used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage converters—Qualification and quality control tests] IEC TS 60034-25旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) 第25部分：用于電力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的交流電機(jī) 應(yīng)用導(dǎo)則(Rotating electrical machines—Part 25：AC electrical machines used in power drive systems—Application guide) IEC 60034-29旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) 第29部分：等效負(fù)載和疊加試驗(yàn)技術(shù) 間接法確定旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)溫升(Rotating electrical machines—Part 29：Equivalent loading and superposition techniques—Indirect testing to determine temperature rise) IEC 60034-30(F3有部分)旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) 第30部分：交流電動(dòng)機(jī)效率分級(jí)(IE代碼)[Rotating electrical machines—Part 30：Efficiency classes of A.C. motors(IE-code)] IEC 60038 IEC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電壓(IEC standard voltages) IEC 60060-1高壓試驗(yàn)技術(shù) 第1部分：一般定義和試驗(yàn)要求(High-voltage test techniques—Part 1：General definitions and test requirements) IEC 60072(所有部分)旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)尺寸和輸出功率等級(jí)(Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines) IEC 60085 電氣絕緣 耐熱性評(píng)定和分級(jí)(Electrical insulation—Thermal evaluation and designation) IEC 60204-1機(jī)械的安全 機(jī)械的電氣設(shè)備 第1部分：通用要求(Safety of machinery—Electrical equipment of machines—Part 1：General requirements) IEC 60204-11機(jī)械的安全 機(jī)械的電氣設(shè)備 第11部分：交流電壓1 000 V或直流電壓1 500 V以上和36 kV以下高壓設(shè)備的要求(Safety of machinery—Electrical equipment of machines—Part 11：Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. and not exceeding 36 kV) IEC 60335-1：2010家用和類似用途電器的安全 第1部分：通用要求(Household and similar electrical appliances—Safety—Part 1：General requirements) IEC 60445 人機(jī)接口、作標(biāo)記和識(shí)別的基本與安全原則 電器端子和用相應(yīng)符號(hào)標(biāo)志的接線端子的識(shí)別方法(Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface，marking and identification—Identification of equipment terminals，conductor terminations and conductors) IEC 60664-1低壓系統(tǒng)內(nèi)設(shè)備的絕緣配合 第1部分：原則要求和試驗(yàn)(Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems—Part 1：Principles，requirements and tests) IEC 61148 閥器件堆和組合裝置以及電力變流設(shè)備的端子標(biāo)記(Terminal markings for valve de-vice stacks and assemblies and for power conversion equipment) IEC 61293供電電氣設(shè)備的額定值標(biāo)記 安全性要求(Marking of electrical equipment with ratings related to electrical supply—Safety Requirements) CISPR 11工業(yè)、科學(xué)和醫(yī)療(ISM)射頻設(shè)備 電磁騷擾特性 限值和測(cè)量方法(Industrial，scientific and medical equipment—Radiofrequency disturbance characteristics—Limits and methods of measurement) CISPR 14(所有部分)家用電器、電動(dòng)工具和類似裝置 電磁兼容要求(Electromagnetic compatibility—Requirements for household appliances，electric tools and similar apparatus) CISPR 16(所有部分)無線電騷擾和抗擾度測(cè)量設(shè)備和測(cè)量方法規(guī)范(Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods) 3術(shù)語和定義 GB/T 2900.25—2008界定的以及下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。 注1：關(guān)于冷卻及冷卻介質(zhì)，除3.17～3.22外，其余見IEC 60034-6。 注2：本文件中的“協(xié)議”指“制造商與用戶間的協(xié)議”。 3.1 額定值 rated value 通常由制造商對(duì)電機(jī)在規(guī)定運(yùn)行條件下所指定的一個(gè)量值。 注：額定電壓或電壓范圍指的是線端額定電壓或電壓范圍。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-51-23] 3.2 定額rating 一組額定值和運(yùn)行條件。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-51-24] 3.3 額定輸出rated output 定額中的輸出值。 3.4 負(fù)載load 在給定時(shí)刻，通過電路或機(jī)械裝置施加于電機(jī)的全部電量(發(fā)電機(jī))和機(jī)械量(電動(dòng)機(jī))的數(shù)值。 注：改寫GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-51-01。 3.5 空載(運(yùn)行)no-load(operation) 電機(jī)處于零功率輸出的旋轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)(其他均為正常運(yùn)行條件)。 注：改寫GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-51-02。 3.6 滿載 full load 電機(jī)以其定額運(yùn)行時(shí)的負(fù)載。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-51-10] 3.7 滿載值 full load value 電機(jī)滿載運(yùn)行時(shí)的量值。 注：這一概念適用于功率、轉(zhuǎn)矩、電流、轉(zhuǎn)速等。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-51-11] 3.8 停機(jī)和斷能de-energized and rest 電機(jī)處在既無運(yùn)動(dòng)，又無電能或機(jī)械能輸入時(shí)的狀態(tài)。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-51-03] 3.9 工作制duty 電機(jī)所承受的一系列負(fù)載狀況的說明，包括起動(dòng)、電制動(dòng)、空載、停機(jī)和斷能及其持續(xù)時(shí)間和先后順序等。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-51-06] 3.10 工作制類型duty type 分為連續(xù)、短時(shí)、周期性或非周期性幾種類型。周期性工作制包括一種或多種規(guī)定了持續(xù)時(shí)間的恒定負(fù)載；非周期性工作制中的負(fù)載和轉(zhuǎn)速通常在允許的運(yùn)行范圍內(nèi)變化。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-51-13] 3.11 負(fù)載持續(xù)率cyclic duration factor 工作周期中的負(fù)載(包括起動(dòng)與電制動(dòng)在內(nèi))持續(xù)時(shí)間與整個(gè)周期的時(shí)間比，以百分?jǐn)?shù)表示。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-51-09] 3.12 堵轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)矩locked rotor torque 電動(dòng)機(jī)在額定電壓、額定頻率和轉(zhuǎn)子在所有轉(zhuǎn)角位置堵住時(shí)在其轉(zhuǎn)軸上所產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)矩的最小測(cè)得值。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-48-06] 3.13 堵轉(zhuǎn)電流locked rotor current 電動(dòng)機(jī)在額定電壓、額定頻率和轉(zhuǎn)子在所有轉(zhuǎn)角位置堵住時(shí)從供電線路輸入的最大穩(wěn)態(tài)電流有效值。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-48-16] 3.14 (交流電動(dòng)機(jī)的)最小轉(zhuǎn)矩pull-up torque(of an a.c. motor) 電動(dòng)機(jī)在額定電壓、額定頻率下，在零轉(zhuǎn)速與對(duì)應(yīng)于最大轉(zhuǎn)矩的轉(zhuǎn)速之間所產(chǎn)生的穩(wěn)態(tài)異步轉(zhuǎn)矩的最小值。 注1：本定義不適用于轉(zhuǎn)矩隨轉(zhuǎn)速增加而連續(xù)下降的異步電動(dòng)機(jī)。 注2：在某些特定的轉(zhuǎn)速下，除了穩(wěn)態(tài)異步轉(zhuǎn)矩外，還會(huì)產(chǎn)生與轉(zhuǎn)子功角成函數(shù)關(guān)系的諧波同步轉(zhuǎn)速。 在這些轉(zhuǎn)速下，對(duì)應(yīng)于某些轉(zhuǎn)子功角的加速轉(zhuǎn)矩可能成為負(fù)值。 經(jīng)驗(yàn)和計(jì)算表明這是一種不穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，諧波同步轉(zhuǎn)矩不會(huì)妨礙電動(dòng)機(jī)的加速，可從本定義中排除。 3.15 (交流電動(dòng)機(jī)的)最大轉(zhuǎn)矩breakdown torque(of an a.c. motor) 電動(dòng)機(jī)在額定電壓、額定頻率下所產(chǎn)生的無轉(zhuǎn)速突降的穩(wěn)態(tài)異步轉(zhuǎn)矩最大值。 注：本定義不適用于轉(zhuǎn)矩隨轉(zhuǎn)速增加而連續(xù)下降的異步電動(dòng)機(jī)。 3.16 (同步電動(dòng)機(jī)的)失步轉(zhuǎn)矩pull-out torque(of a synchronous motor) 同步電動(dòng)機(jī)在額定電壓、額定頻率和額定勵(lì)磁電流下，在同步轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)所能產(chǎn)生的最大轉(zhuǎn)矩。 3.17 冷卻 cooling 一種熱量傳遞過程，電機(jī)中因損耗而形成的熱量被傳遞給初級(jí)冷卻介質(zhì)，該介質(zhì)可連續(xù)地被更換或在冷卻器中被次級(jí)冷卻介質(zhì)所冷卻。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-44-01] 3.18 冷卻介質(zhì) coolant 傳遞熱量的氣體或液體介質(zhì)。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-44-02] 3.19 初級(jí)冷卻介質(zhì)primary coolant 溫度低于電機(jī)某部件的氣體或液體介質(zhì)，它與電機(jī)的該部件相接觸，并將其放出的熱量帶走。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-44-03] 3.20 次級(jí)冷卻介質(zhì)secondary coolant 溫度低于初級(jí)冷卻介質(zhì)的氣體或液體介質(zhì)，通過冷卻器或電機(jī)的外表面將初級(jí)冷卻介質(zhì)放出的熱量帶走。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-44-04] 3.21 直接冷卻(內(nèi)冷)繞組direct cooled(inner cooled)winding 一種繞組，其冷卻介質(zhì)流經(jīng)位于主絕緣內(nèi)部作為繞組組成部分的空心導(dǎo)體、導(dǎo)管、風(fēng)道或通道，與被冷卻部分直接接觸，不管其取向如何。 注：在任何情況下，如未標(biāo)明“間接”或“直接”字樣則意味著是間接冷卻繞組。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-44-08] 3.22 間接冷卻繞組indirect cooled winding 除直接冷卻繞組以外的其他任何繞組。 注：在任何情況下，如未標(biāo)明“間接”或“直接”字樣則意味著是間接冷卻繞組。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-44-09] 3.23 附加絕緣 supplementary insulation 為了防止因主絕緣損壞而發(fā)生觸電事故，在主絕緣之外增加的獨(dú)立絕緣。 3.24 轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量 moment of inertia 物體的各個(gè)質(zhì)點(diǎn)的質(zhì)量與質(zhì)點(diǎn)到規(guī)定軸線的距離(半徑)平方乘積的總和(積分)。 3.25 熱穩(wěn)定thermal equilibrium 電機(jī)發(fā)熱部件的溫升在半小時(shí)內(nèi)的變化不超過1 K的狀態(tài)。 注1：熱平衡可以用時(shí)間-溫升圖來定義，即相鄰間隔半小時(shí)的起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)之間的連線每半小時(shí)有1 K或小于1 K的梯度或每小時(shí)有2 K或小于2 K的梯度。 注2：改寫GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-51-08。 3.26 等效熱時(shí)間常數(shù)thermal equivalent time constant 可取代幾個(gè)單獨(dú)的時(shí)間常數(shù)，以近似地確定繞組內(nèi)電流發(fā)生階躍性變化后的溫度變化過程。 3.27 囊封式繞組encapsulated winding 用模塑絕緣完全封閉或密閉的繞組。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-39-06] 3.28 直流電動(dòng)機(jī)電樞由靜止電力變流器供電時(shí)的額定直流電流波形因數(shù) rated form factor of direct current supplied to a d.c. motor armature from a static power converter 在額定條件下，最大允許電流的有效值Irms,max N與其平均值IavN(一個(gè)周期內(nèi)的積分平均)之比，見式(1)： (1) 3.29 電流紋波因數(shù)current ripple factor 波動(dòng)電流的最大值Imax和最小值Imin之差與其2倍平均值Iav(一個(gè)周期內(nèi)的積分平均)之比，見式(2)： (2) 注1：如電流紋波值較小，紋波因數(shù)可近似由式(3)表示： (3) 注2：如qi的計(jì)算結(jié)果等于或小于0.4，式(3)可用于近似計(jì)算。 3.30 容差tolerance 一個(gè)量的標(biāo)稱值與其測(cè)量值之間的允許偏差。 3.31 型式試驗(yàn)type test 對(duì)按照某一設(shè)計(jì)而制造的一臺(tái)或幾臺(tái)電機(jī)所進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)，以表明這一設(shè)計(jì)符合一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 注：如果電機(jī)型式試驗(yàn)和額定值或其他性能有輕微偏差也可以認(rèn)為是有效的。這個(gè)偏差宜經(jīng)過協(xié)議允許。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-53-01] 3.32 檢查試驗(yàn) routine test 對(duì)每臺(tái)電機(jī)在制造期間或完工后所進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)，以判明其是否符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 [GB/T 2900.25—2008，定義411-53-02] 3.33 飛逸轉(zhuǎn)速runaway speed 在調(diào)速器不起作用時(shí)發(fā)電機(jī)突然卸載后發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)/發(fā)電機(jī)組達(dá)到的最大轉(zhuǎn)速。 注：對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)來說，最大過速…現(xiàn)在失去電源時(shí)，這意味著電動(dòng)機(jī)可能被連接的設(shè)備所驅(qū)動(dòng)。 [IEC 60050-411：1996，定義811-17-23] 4 工作制 4.1 工作制的表達(dá) 用戶有責(zé)任表明工作制。用戶可用下述方法之一來表明工作制： a)用數(shù)字表明負(fù)載不變或按已知的方式變化； b)用變化量的時(shí)間順序圖； c)在S1～S10中選出一個(gè)繁復(fù)程度不低于所期望的工作制。 工作制的類型應(yīng)符合4.2的規(guī)定，用適當(dāng)?shù)暮?jiǎn)稱來表示，寫在負(fù)載值后面。 各類周期持續(xù)系數(shù)在相應(yīng)的工作制類型圖中有表示。 用戶通常不能提出電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量(JM)或相對(duì)預(yù)熱壽命(TL)，參見附錄A。制造商要提供此類數(shù)據(jù)。 在用戶未表明工作制時(shí)，制造商應(yīng)認(rèn)為是S1工作制(連續(xù)工作制)。 4.2工作制類型 4.2.1 S1工作制——連續(xù)工作制 保持在恒定負(fù)載下運(yùn)行至熱穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，見圖1。 本工作制簡(jiǎn)稱S1。 說明： P——負(fù)載； PV——電氣損耗； θ——溫度； θmax——達(dá)到的最高溫度； t——時(shí)間。 圖1 連續(xù)工作制——S1工作制 4.2.2 S2工作制——短時(shí)工作制 在恒定負(fù)載下按給定的時(shí)間運(yùn)行，電機(jī)在該時(shí)間內(nèi)不足以達(dá)到熱穩(wěn)定，隨之停機(jī)和斷能，其時(shí)間足以使電機(jī)再度冷卻到與冷卻介質(zhì)之差在2 K以內(nèi)，見圖2。 本工作制簡(jiǎn)稱為S2，隨后標(biāo)以工作制的持續(xù)時(shí)間。 例：S2 60 min 說明： P——負(fù)載； PV——電氣損耗； θ——溫度； θmax——達(dá)到的最高溫度； t——時(shí)間； ΔtP——恒定負(fù)載運(yùn)行時(shí)間。 圖2 短時(shí)工作制——S2工作制 4.2.3 S3工作制——斷續(xù)周期工作制1) 按一系列相同的工作周期運(yùn)行，每一周期包括一段恒定負(fù)載運(yùn)行時(shí)間和一段停機(jī)和斷能時(shí)間，見圖3。這種工作制，每一周期的起動(dòng)電流不致對(duì)溫升有顯著影響。 本工作制簡(jiǎn)稱為S3，隨后標(biāo)以負(fù)載持續(xù)率。 例：S3 25％ 1)周期工作制是指負(fù)載運(yùn)行期間電機(jī)未達(dá)到熱穩(wěn)定。 說明： P——負(fù)載； PV——電氣損耗； θ——溫度； θmax——達(dá)到的最高溫度； t——時(shí)間； TC——負(fù)載周期； ΔtP——恒定負(fù)載運(yùn)行時(shí)間； ΔtR——停機(jī)和斷能時(shí)間； 負(fù)載持續(xù)率=ΔtP/TC。 圖3 斷續(xù)周期工作制——S3工作制 4.2.4 S4工作制——包括起動(dòng)的斷續(xù)周期工作制2) 按一系列相同的工作周期運(yùn)行，每一周期包括一段對(duì)溫升有顯著影響的起動(dòng)時(shí)間，一段恒定負(fù)載運(yùn)行時(shí)間和一段停機(jī)和斷能時(shí)間，見圖4。 本工作制簡(jiǎn)稱為S4，隨后標(biāo)以負(fù)載持續(xù)率以及歸算至電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)軸上的電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量(JM)和負(fù)載轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量(Jext)。